珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠江组沉积特征及主控因素<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.098

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

珠三坳陷是南海北部大陆架主要产油区之一,但勘探程度低,还存在物源方向不清晰、沉积相展布范围不明确等问题。本研究利用岩心、钻测井、地震资料,以及粒度、重矿物等分析化验资料,完成了珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠江组沉积体系研究。研究认为,研究区珠江组主要发育潮控河口湾、曲流河三角洲、扇三角洲、滨岸和浅海陆棚相5种沉积相类型。研究区主要物源来自西北部和东北部,次要物源来自于东南部神狐隆起。沉积早期,东南部发育扇三角洲,西北部半封闭环境发育潮控河口湾沉积; 随着从南向北的海侵作用逐渐加强,神狐隆起消失,西北部发育大规模的河控曲流河三角洲,整体经历了海侵的过程。在潮控及河控沉积特征对比的基础上,总结了沉积模式,并指出物源供给、相对海平面变化及古地貌为沉积主控因素。

关键词: 物源, 沉积体系, 沉积模式, 主控因素, 珠江组, 珠三坳陷, 珠江口盆地

Abstract:

The Zhu-3 Depression is one of the main oil producing areas on the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea,but the exploration level is low,and issues such as unclear sediment source directions and ambiguous distribution ranges of sedimentary facies still exist. This study utilized core,drilling and logging,seismic data,as well as grain size and heavy mineral analysis data,to investigate the sedimentary system of the Zhujiang Formation in the central Zhu-3 Depression of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. The study identified five types of sedimentary facies,including tidal controlled estuary,meandering river delta,fan delta,shore and shallow sea shelf facies.The main sediment sources in the study area are from the northwest and northeast,while the secondary source is from the Shenhu Uplift in the southeast. During the early stages of sedimentation,fan deltas developed in the southeast,and tide-controlled estuary bay deposits formed in the semi-enclosed environment of the northwest. As the transgression from south to north gradually intensified,the Shenhu Uplift disappeared,and large-scale river-controlled meandering river deltas developed in the northwest,with the entire area experiencing a transgression process. Based on the comparison of tidal-controlled and fluvial-controlled sedimentary characteristics,the study summarized the sedimentary model and identified sediment supply,relative sea-level changes,and paleogeography as the main controlling factors of sedimentation.

Key words: provenance, depositional system, depositional model, main controlling factors, Zhujiang Formation, Zhu-3 Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin

中图分类号:

P512.2

孙连浦. 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠江组沉积特征及主控因素^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(6): 1400-1419.

SUN Lianpu. Sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of the Neogene Zhujiang Formation in central Zhu-3 Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(6): 1400-1419.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I6/1400

图/表 15

图1 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部地区位置及地层综合柱状图 a—珠江口盆地构造单元划分及珠三坳陷地理位置; b—珠三坳陷构造单元划分及研究区位置; c—研究区井位图; d—珠江组地层划分(据游君君等,2020; 有修改)

Fig.1 Location and comprehensive stratigraphic column of central Zhu-3 Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin

图2 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠江组重矿物特征及岩屑类型 a—珠江组二段重矿物组合; b—珠江组一段重矿物组合; c—珠江组二段岩屑类型; d—珠江组一段岩屑类型。箭头表示物源方向

Fig.2 Characteristics of heavy minerals and types of rock fragments of the Zhujiang Formation in central Zhu-3 Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin

图3 根据地震反射特征确定珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠江组物源方向(剖面位置见图1-c) a—L3地震测线; b—L4地震测线; c—L7地震测线; d—X4地震测线

Fig.3 Determination of provenance direction of the Zhujiang Formation according to seismic reflection characteristics in central Zhu-3 Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin(location of 2D seismic lines see Fig.1-c)

表1 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠江组沉积相类型

Table 1 Sedimentary facies types of the Zhujiang Formation in central Zhu-3 Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin

沉积相	沉积亚相	沉积微相
潮控河口湾	内—中河口湾	潮汐水道、潮汐沙坝、混合坪、泥坪
	外河口湾	潮下沙坝
曲流河三角洲	前缘	水下分流河道、支流间湾、河口坝、远沙坝
扇三角洲	前缘	辫状河道、河口坝、支流间湾
滨岸	临滨	上临滨、下临滨
浅海陆棚	滨外	陆棚泥、潮汐沙脊

图4 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠江组不同沉积微相岩电特征 a—岩电特征(A3井,珠江组二段);b—岩电特征(B5井,珠江组二段);c—岩电特征(B9井,珠江组一段下亚段);d—岩电特征(A8井,珠江组一段上亚段)

Fig.4 Lithologic and electric characteristics of different sedimentary microfacies of the Zhujiang Formation in central Zhu-3 Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin

图5 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠江组不同沉积微相粒度累积概率曲线特征

Fig.5 Grain size cumulative probability curve characteristics of different sedimentary microfacies of the Zhujiang Formation in central Zhu-3 Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin

图6 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠江组岩心序列及沉积特征 a—内—中河口湾潮汐水道,A13井;b—内—中河口湾潮汐水道,A1井; c—内—中河口湾潮汐沙坝,B5井;d—内—中河口湾混合坪和泥坪,B5井;e—曲流河三角洲水下分流河道及河口坝,B5井;f—曲流河三角洲河口坝及水下分流河道间,B5井

Fig.6 Core sequence and sedimentary characteristics of the Zhujiang Formation in central Zhu-3 Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin

图7 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠二段岩心特征 a—灰色斜层理中细砂岩,A13井,3601 m,珠二段,内—中河口湾亚相潮汐水道; b—灰色压扁层理砂岩,见生物遗迹,A1井,3207 m,珠二段,内—中河口湾亚相潮汐水道; c—灰色含砾粗砂岩,A1井,3205.3 m,珠二段,内—中河口湾亚相潮汐水道; d—灰色砂岩夹泥质条带,见双黏土层,A1井,3204.9 m,珠二段,内—中河口湾亚相潮汐水道; e—灰色细砂岩,漫游迹,B5井,2097.95 m,珠二段,内—中河口湾亚相潮汐沙坝; f—灰色砂岩,漫游迹,B5井,2097.52 m,珠二段,内—中河口湾亚相潮汐沙坝; g—灰色细砂岩,针管迹,B5井,2095.13 m,珠二段,内—中河口湾亚相潮汐沙坝; h—灰色中细砂岩,蛇形迹,B5井,2094.42 m,珠二段,内—中河口湾亚相潮汐沙坝; i—灰色砂岩,见贝壳碎屑,B5井,2092.95 m,珠二段,内—中河口湾亚相潮汐沙坝

Fig.7 Core characteristics of the Member 2 of Zhujiang Formation in central Zhu-3 Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin

图8 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠一段岩心特征 a—灰色砂岩,见红棕色泥砾,B5井,2011.86 m,珠一段,内—中河口湾亚相沙坪; b—灰色透镜状层理泥质粉砂岩,B5井,2011 m,珠一段,内—中河口湾亚相混合坪; c—灰色回填构造砂质泥岩,B5井,2007 m,珠一段,内—中河口湾亚相泥坪; d—灰色含砾中粗砂岩,冲刷面,正韵律,B5井,1800.58 m,珠一段,曲流河三角洲前缘水下分流河道; e—灰色块状层理中砂岩,见棕红色泥砾和泥质条带,B5井,1789.66 m,珠一段,曲流河三角洲前缘水下分流河道; f—上部为灰色砂岩,下部以泥岩为主,见生物遗迹,B5井,1790.4 m,珠一段,曲流河三角洲前缘水下分流河道

Fig.8 Core characteristics of the Member 1 of Zhujiang Formation in central Zhu-3 Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin

图9 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠江组二段下亚段扇三角洲沉积微相特征(A5井)

Fig.9 Sedimentary microfacies characteristics of fan delta of the lower sub member of Second member of Zhujiang Formation in central Zhu-3 Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin(Well A5)

图10 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部A3- B1 井珠江组连井层序及沉积相对比(剖面位置见图1)

Fig. 10 Sequence and sedimentary facies correlation of Well A3-Well B1 in Zhujiang Formation of central Zhu- 3 Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin

图11 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠江组沉积相展布 a—珠江组二段下亚段地震相分布; b—珠江组二段下亚段沉积相展布; c—珠江组二段上亚段地震相分布; d—珠江组二段上亚段沉积相展布; e—珠江组一段下亚段地震相分布; f—珠江组一段下亚段沉积相展布; g—珠江组一段上亚段地震相分布; h—珠江组一段上亚段沉积相展布

Fig.11 Sedimentary facies distribution of the Zhujiang Formation in central Zhu-3 Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin

表2 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠江组潮控—河控沉积体系特征

Table 2 Characteristics of tide and river controled sedimentary systems of the Zhujiang Formation in central Zhu-3 Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin

特征对比	沉积体系
特征对比	潮控河口湾	曲流河三角洲
岩性特征	砂泥薄互层,见泥质披覆和双黏土层,富含泥砾	中细砂岩与泥岩互层,夹薄层含砾粗砂岩
沉积构造	羽状交错层理,波状、脉状、透镜状层理	爬升沙纹层理、槽状或板状交错层理
生物扰动	生物扰动强烈	生物扰动微弱
生物遗迹	较多	较少
地震剖面	叠瓦状前积	S形前积
沉积物堆积速度	较慢	较快
沉积时期	海侵	海退
水体盐度	较高	较低
水流方向	双向	单向
主控因素	潮汐作用	河流作用

图12 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠江组古地貌与砂体叠合图 a,b—珠江组二段下亚段; c,d—珠江组一段上亚段

Fig.12 Superimposition map of palaeogeomorphology and sand bodies of the Zhujiang Formation in central Zhu-3 Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin

图13 珠江口盆地珠三坳陷中部珠江组沉积模式 a—珠江组二段沉积模式; b—珠江组一段沉积模式

Fig.13 Depositional model of the Zhujiang Formation in central Zhu-3 Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin

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