基于深水源汇参数定量表征的陆架边缘分类及其对深水沉积富砂性的预测<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.039

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 950-964. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.039

基于深水源汇参数定量表征的陆架边缘分类及其对深水沉积富砂性的预测^*

张丽丽¹^,²(), 谢世文¹^,²(), 陈北辰¹^,², 龚承林³^,⁴, 王绪诚¹^,², 戈道瑶³^,⁴

1 中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司,广东深圳 518054
2 中海石油深海开发有限公司,广东深圳 518054
3 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,中国石油大学(北京),北京 102249
4 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249

收稿日期:2024-01-30 修回日期:2024-12-10 出版日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2025-07-30
通讯作者: 谢世文,男,1985年生,高级工程师,主要从事沉积学及油气勘探研究。E-mail: xieshw@cnooc.com.cn。
作者简介:
张丽丽,女,1978年生,博士、高级工程师,主要从事油气地质研究。E-mail: zhanglili@cnooc.com.cn。
基金资助:
*中海油有限公司生产性科研项目(SCKY-2023-SHENHAI-02); 中海油“十四五”重大科技项目(KJGG2021-0100); 中海油“十四五”重大科技项目(KJGG2022-0102); 中海油“十四五”重大科技项目(KJGG2022-0103)

Classification of shelf margins based on characterization of deep-water source-to-sink parameters and its implications on finding suitable deepwater reservoirs

ZHANG Lili¹^,²(), XIE Shiwen¹^,²(), CHEN Beichen¹^,², GONG Chenglin³^,⁴, WANG Xucheng¹^,², GE Daoyao³^,⁴

1 China National Offshore Oil Corporation Limited Shenzhen,Guangdong Shenzhen 518054,China
2 CNOOC Deep Sea Development Co.,LTD.,Guangdong Shenzhen 518054,China
3 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249, China
4 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China

Received:2024-01-30 Revised:2024-12-10 Online:2025-08-01 Published:2025-07-30
Contact: XIE Shiwen,born in 1985,a senior engineer,is mainly engaged in sedimentology and oil and gas exploration research. E⁃mail: xieshw@cnooc.com.cn.
About author:
ZHANG Lili,born in 1978,Ph.D.,a senior engineer,is mainly engaged in oil and gas geology research. E-mail: zhanglili@cnooc.com.cn.
Supported by:
CNOOC Limited production research project(SCKY-2023-SHENHAI-02); “14th Five Year Plan” Major project(KJGG2021-0100); “14th Five Year Plan” Major project(KJGG2022-0102); “14th Five Year Plan” Major project(KJGG2022-0103)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

源汇系统方法原理运用于有利砂体预测的深水油气勘探实践中时,存在深水源汇参数,包括海平面变化、物源供给(Q_s)和可容空间(δ_a),难以定量表征的难题。本研究提出了定量表征这3大源汇参数的方法以及基于陆架边缘分类的深水沉积富砂性预测方法。海平面变化依据地质年代可以划分为“高频高幅冰室海平面变化和低频低幅温室海平面变化”2种类型,Q_s依据陆架坡折迁移速率可被区分为“高Q_s低Q_s”2种条件,δ_a依据陆架坡折迁移轨迹可以被区分为“低δ_a,中δ_a和高δ_a”3种类型。这3种不同类型源汇参数之间的相互耦合形成了10种不同类型的陆架边缘,每一种类型的陆架边缘具有差异的深水沉积富砂性程度。依据该方法,可将SQ13.8珠江陆缘划分为“高Q_s-中δ_a、高Q_s-低δ_a和高Q_s-高δ_a”3种类型的冰室陆架边缘。低幅下降型或低幅上升型陆架坡折迁移轨迹(-2°<T_se<1°)使得粗碎屑颗粒无论是在冰室海平面变化还是温室海平面变化、无论是高供给(高Q_s)还是低供给(低Q_s)条件下,总能被搬运分散到深水陆坡区形成富砂海底扇。中幅上升型(1°<T_se<4°)在高供给(高Q_s)条件下,孕育富砂的高位海底扇; 而在低供给(低Q_s)条件下,发育富泥的深水沉积体系(如块状搬运沉积体系等)。高幅上升型(4°<T_se<20°)或向陆回退型(90°<T_se<180°)陆架坡折迁移轨迹在高供给(高Q_s)条件下发育小规模富砂海底扇,而在低供给(低Q_s)条件下则与大型富泥块状搬运沉积体系相伴生。依据这一陆架边缘分类的深水沉积富砂性预测新方法,高Q_s-低δ_a-冰室陆架边缘深水富砂程度较高,而钻井结果显示其发育水道型海底扇砂岩(厚约10余米、见箱状测井相的黄色细砂岩);证实了该方法的有效性。

关键词: 源汇参数, 陆缘分类, 物源供给, 可容空间, 储集层预测

Abstract:

The application of the source-to-sink methodology in predicting reservoir occurrence in deep-water hydrocarbon exploration is frequently impeded by the difficulty of quantifying deep-water source-to-sink(S2S)parameters,such as sea-level fluctuations,sediment supply(Q_s),and accommodation space(δ_a). This study establishes a method for quantitatively characterizing these three S2S parameters and identifies suitable deep-water hydrocarbon reservoirs based on the classification of shelf margins. Our findings indicate that sea-level fluctuations can be categorized as either icehouse or greenhouse based on geological age,sediment supply can be distinguished as high or low based on the rates of shelf-edge movement,and accommodation space can be classified as low,medium,or high based on the angles of shelf-edge trajectories. The interaction of these three S2S parameters results in 10 distinct types of shelf margins,each associated with a specific risk level for finding suitable hydrocarbon reservoirs in deep-water areas. Applying these quantitative methods to the Pearl River margin of the SQ13.8 age has led to the identification of three primary types of icehouse margins: high Q_s-medium δ_a,high Q_s-low δ_a,and high Q_s-high δ_a. Shelf-edge trajectories that are slightly falling or rising(-2°<T_se<1°)can transport coarse-grained clastics to the deep-water slope,forming sand-rich submarine fans regardless of whether the system is controlled by icehouse or greenhouse sea-level conditions and whether sediment supply is high or low. Moderately rising shelf-edge trajectories(1°<T_se<4°)promote the formation of sandy highstand submarine fans under high sediment supply conditions but are associated with muddy deep-water systems under low sediment supply scenarios. Steeply rising or backstepping shelf-edge trajectories(1°<T_se<4° and 90°<T_se<180°,respectively)tend to form small-scale sand-rich submarine fans under high sediment supply,while under low sediment supply they are commonly associated with large-scale mud-rich mass-transport depositional systems. According to this shelf-margin classification-based prediction model,icehouse shelf margins with high Q_s and low δ_a show the highest sand-rich potential in deep-water settings. This conclusion is supported by borehole data,which reveal the presence of tens of meters thick sandstones in channelized submarine fans,exhibiting block well-log patterns. These findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed new methods for identifying suitable deepwater reservoirs.

Key words: source-to-sink parameters, shelf-margin classification, sediment supply, accommodation space, prediction of hydrocarbon reservoirs

中图分类号:

P512.2

张丽丽, 谢世文, 陈北辰, 龚承林, 王绪诚, 戈道瑶. 基于深水源汇参数定量表征的陆架边缘分类及其对深水沉积富砂性的预测^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(4): 950-964.

ZHANG Lili, XIE Shiwen, CHEN Beichen, GONG Chenglin, WANG Xucheng, GE Daoyao. Classification of shelf margins based on characterization of deep-water source-to-sink parameters and its implications on finding suitable deepwater reservoirs[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(4): 950-964.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I4/950

图/表 10

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序号	深水陆缘	地质年代	年龄 /Myr	古气候	dy /m	dx /km	R_a /m·Myr^-1	R_p /km·Myr^-1	参考文献
1	南海西北陆缘莺—琼段	晚中新世至今	10.5	冰室气候	1123	43.14	107	4.11	Gong et al.(2015)中的图 3-A
2	南海西北陆缘莺—琼段	晚中新世至今	10.5	冰室气候	1234	48.28	117	4.60	Gong et al.(2015)中的图 2-B
3	南海西北陆缘海南岛段	上新世至今	5.5	冰室气候	780	-2.74	142	-0.50	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 3-A
4	南海西北陆缘海南岛段	上新世至今	5.5	冰室气候	788	-1.23	143	-0.22	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 3-B
5	南海西北陆缘海南岛段	上新世至今	5.5	冰室气候	800	-2.70	145	-0.49	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 19-B
6	韩国东海Ulleung陆缘	早—中中新世	9.2	冰室气候	981	34.49	107	3.75	Yoon et al.(2002)中的图 5
7	韩国东海Ulleung陆缘	早—中中新世	9.2	冰室气候	1144	38.64	124	4.20	Yoon et al.(2002)中的图 5
8	澳大利亚Exmouth陆缘	早白垩世	6	温室气候	610	57.00	102	9.50	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 5a
9	地中海西北Iberian陆缘	晚上新世至今	3.58	冰室气候	524	16.84	146	4.70	Kertznus and Kneller(2009)中图 3-A
10	爱尔兰Porcupine盆地	早始新世	5	温室气候	400	30.00	80	6.00	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 5-B
11	挪威外陆架西南段	早渐新世	3.6	温室气候	644	21.04	129	4.21	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 5-a
12	挪威Spitsbergen陆缘	早始新世	5	温室气候	450	30.00	90	6.00	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 15
13	美国New Jersey陆缘	早渐新世	9.5	温室气候	113	10.00	12	1.05	本文的图 5-B
14	南海北部珠江陆缘	中中新世	1.2	冰室气候	114	25.05	95	20.88	本文的图 6
15	孟加拉湾东北若开陆缘	上新世至今	3.2	冰室气候	766	59.61	239	18.63	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 6-A
16	孟加拉湾东北若开陆缘	上新世至今	4	冰室气候	1125	68.26	281	17.06	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 6-B
17	尼日尔三角洲盆地	第四纪	2	冰室气候	503	29.90	252	14.95	Fatoke and Bhattacharya(2010)图 7-A
18	罗马尼亚Dacian盆地	晚中新世	1.68	冰室气候	332	26.29	198	15.65	Fongngern et al.(2016)中的图 5-B
19	怀俄明州Washakie盆地	晚白垩世	1.8	温室气候	480	86.00	267	47.78	Carvajal and Steel(2006)中的图 2
20	Orinoco Columbus盆地	晚中新世	6	冰室气候	1200	200.00	200	33.33	Chen et al.(2014)中的图 2

序号	深水陆缘	地质年代	年龄 /Myr	古气候	dy /m	dx /km	R_a /m·Myr^-1	R_p /km·Myr^-1	参考文献
1	南海西北陆缘莺—琼段	晚中新世至今	10.5	冰室气候	1123	43.14	107	4.11	Gong et al.(2015)中的图 3-A
2	南海西北陆缘莺—琼段	晚中新世至今	10.5	冰室气候	1234	48.28	117	4.60	Gong et al.(2015)中的图 2-B
3	南海西北陆缘海南岛段	上新世至今	5.5	冰室气候	780	-2.74	142	-0.50	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 3-A
4	南海西北陆缘海南岛段	上新世至今	5.5	冰室气候	788	-1.23	143	-0.22	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 3-B
5	南海西北陆缘海南岛段	上新世至今	5.5	冰室气候	800	-2.70	145	-0.49	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 19-B
6	韩国东海Ulleung陆缘	早—中中新世	9.2	冰室气候	981	34.49	107	3.75	Yoon et al.(2002)中的图 5
7	韩国东海Ulleung陆缘	早—中中新世	9.2	冰室气候	1144	38.64	124	4.20	Yoon et al.(2002)中的图 5
8	澳大利亚Exmouth陆缘	早白垩世	6	温室气候	610	57.00	102	9.50	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 5a
9	地中海西北Iberian陆缘	晚上新世至今	3.58	冰室气候	524	16.84	146	4.70	Kertznus and Kneller(2009)中图 3-A
10	爱尔兰Porcupine盆地	早始新世	5	温室气候	400	30.00	80	6.00	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 5-B
11	挪威外陆架西南段	早渐新世	3.6	温室气候	644	21.04	129	4.21	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 5-a
12	挪威Spitsbergen陆缘	早始新世	5	温室气候	450	30.00	90	6.00	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 15
13	美国New Jersey陆缘	早渐新世	9.5	温室气候	113	10.00	12	1.05	本文的图 5-B
14	南海北部珠江陆缘	中中新世	1.2	冰室气候	114	25.05	95	20.88	本文的图 6
15	孟加拉湾东北若开陆缘	上新世至今	3.2	冰室气候	766	59.61	239	18.63	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 6-A
16	孟加拉湾东北若开陆缘	上新世至今	4	冰室气候	1125	68.26	281	17.06	Gong et al.(2016)中的图 6-B
17	尼日尔三角洲盆地	第四纪	2	冰室气候	503	29.90	252	14.95	Fatoke and Bhattacharya(2010)图 7-A
18	罗马尼亚Dacian盆地	晚中新世	1.68	冰室气候	332	26.29	198	15.65	Fongngern et al.(2016)中的图 5-B
19	怀俄明州Washakie盆地	晚白垩世	1.8	温室气候	480	86.00	267	47.78	Carvajal and Steel(2006)中的图 2
20	Orinoco Columbus盆地	晚中新世	6	冰室气候	1200	200.00	200	33.33	Chen et al.(2014)中的图 2

深水陆缘	地质年代	R_a /m·Myr^-1	R_p /km·Myr^-1	T_se /(°)	陆架边缘类型	典型深水沉积响应	深水沉积富砂性
琼东南陆缘	晚中新世	-74	8.18	-0.52	低Q_s-低δ_a冰室陆缘	呈楔状、强振幅—中高连续、前积反射海底扇(图 5-a)	富砂程度较高
	上新世	188	9.40	1.15	高Q_s-中δ_a冰室陆缘	呈透镜状、强振幅—高连续、充填反射深水水道(图 5-a)	富砂程度较高
	第四纪	535	6.03	5.07	高Q_s-高δ_a冰室陆缘	呈不规则状、杂乱反射块状搬运复合体(图 5-a)	富砂程度较低
Spitsbergen陆缘	早始新世	129	4.21	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
陆架边缘SM1		N/A	N/A	2.86	低Q_s-中δ_a温室陆缘	前三角洲和陆架泥(图 5-B)	富砂程度中等
陆架边缘SM2		N/A	N/A	0.99	低Q_s-低δ_a温室陆缘	大规模发育的海底扇(图 5-B)	富砂程度较高
陆架边缘SM3		N/A	N/A	-0.53	低Q_s-低δ_a温室陆缘	大规模发育的海底扇(图 5-B)	富砂程度较高
陆架边缘SM4		N/A	N/A	3.62	低Q_s-中δ_a温室陆缘	局限发育的陆坡水道(图 5-B)	富砂程度较低
珠江陆缘(图 6)	中新世	95	20.88	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
陆架边缘SM1		N/A	N/A	1.40	高Q_s-中δ_a冰室陆缘	陆架边缘三角洲和深海灰色泥岩(图 7)	富砂程度中等
陆架边缘SM2		N/A	N/A	-0.31	高Q_s-低δ_a冰室陆缘	陆架边缘三角洲和海底扇(图 7和图 8)	富砂程度较高
陆架边缘SM3		N/A	N/A	92.01	高Q_s-高δ_a冰室陆缘	区域稳定稳步的灰色泥岩(图 7)	富砂程度较低

深水陆缘	地质年代	R_a /m·Myr^-1	R_p /km·Myr^-1	T_se /(°)	陆架边缘类型	典型深水沉积响应	深水沉积富砂性
琼东南陆缘	晚中新世	-74	8.18	-0.52	低Q_s-低δ_a冰室陆缘	呈楔状、强振幅—中高连续、前积反射海底扇(图 5-a)	富砂程度较高
	上新世	188	9.40	1.15	高Q_s-中δ_a冰室陆缘	呈透镜状、强振幅—高连续、充填反射深水水道(图 5-a)	富砂程度较高
	第四纪	535	6.03	5.07	高Q_s-高δ_a冰室陆缘	呈不规则状、杂乱反射块状搬运复合体(图 5-a)	富砂程度较低
Spitsbergen陆缘	早始新世	129	4.21	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
陆架边缘SM1		N/A	N/A	2.86	低Q_s-中δ_a温室陆缘	前三角洲和陆架泥(图 5-B)	富砂程度中等
陆架边缘SM2		N/A	N/A	0.99	低Q_s-低δ_a温室陆缘	大规模发育的海底扇(图 5-B)	富砂程度较高
陆架边缘SM3		N/A	N/A	-0.53	低Q_s-低δ_a温室陆缘	大规模发育的海底扇(图 5-B)	富砂程度较高
陆架边缘SM4		N/A	N/A	3.62	低Q_s-中δ_a温室陆缘	局限发育的陆坡水道(图 5-B)	富砂程度较低
珠江陆缘(图 6)	中新世	95	20.88	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
陆架边缘SM1		N/A	N/A	1.40	高Q_s-中δ_a冰室陆缘	陆架边缘三角洲和深海灰色泥岩(图 7)	富砂程度中等
陆架边缘SM2		N/A	N/A	-0.31	高Q_s-低δ_a冰室陆缘	陆架边缘三角洲和海底扇(图 7和图 8)	富砂程度较高
陆架边缘SM3		N/A	N/A	92.01	高Q_s-高δ_a冰室陆缘	区域稳定稳步的灰色泥岩(图 7)	富砂程度较低

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