砾石质曲流河探地雷达相刻画及沉积模式研究<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.061

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 965-984. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.061

砾石质曲流河探地雷达相刻画及沉积模式研究^*

韩海波¹^,²(), 姚宗全¹^,²(), 王威¹^,³, 德勒恰提·加娜塔依¹^,², 谢宗瑞⁴, 汪勇⁵, 杨帆⁶, 赵文硕¹^,²

1 新疆大学地质与矿业工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830047
2 新疆中亚造山带大陆动力学与成矿预测自治区重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830047
3 新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府国家305项目办公室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000
4 中国石油新疆油田公司勘探开发研究院,新疆克拉玛依 834000
5 中国石化胜利油田西部油气勘探项目部,山东东营 257015
6 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-12-26 修回日期:2025-02-14 出版日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2025-07-30
通讯作者: 姚宗全,男,1989年生,博士,副教授,主要从事石油地质、沉积储集层及油气储集层表征与建模研究。E-mail: yzq@xju.edu.cn。
作者简介:
韩海波,男,2000年生,硕士研究生,主要从事探地雷达、沉积储集层及石油地质研究。E-mail: hhb2924358818@163.com。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金(41902109); 新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才项目(2023TSYCCX0002)

Ground penetrating radar facies characterization and sedimentary model study of gravelly meandering river

HAN Haibo¹^,²(), YAO Zongquan¹^,²(), WANG Wei¹^,³, DELEQIATI·Jianatayi¹^,², XIE Zongrui⁴, WANG Yong⁵, YANG Fan⁶, ZHAO Wenshuo¹^,²

1 School of Geology and Mining Engineering,Xinjiang University,Urümqi 830047, China
2 Key laboratory of Central Asian Orogenic Belts and Continental Dynamics,Urümqi 830047,China
3 National 305 Project Office of the People’s Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urümqi 830000,China
4 Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Xinjiang Karamay 834000,China
5 Project Department of Western Oil and Gas Exploration, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company, Shandong Dongying 257015,China
6 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China

Received:2024-12-26 Revised:2025-02-14 Online:2025-08-01 Published:2025-07-30
Contact: YAO Zongquan,born in 1989,Ph.D.,is an associate professor. He is mainly engaged in researches on petroleum geology,sedimentary reservoirs and gas reservoir characterization and modeling. E⁃mail: yzq@xju.edu.cn.
About author:
HAN Haibo,born in 2000,is a master graduate student. He is mainly engaged in researches on ground penetrating radar,sedimentary reservoir and petroleum geology. E-mail: hhb2924358818@163.com.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41902109); Tianshan Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023TSYCCX0002)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

曲流河砂体横向变化快,砂体内部构型具有复杂性和多变性。利用探地雷达(GPR),以平—剖结合的思路对新疆呼图壁河与额尔齐斯河砾石质曲流河段进行沉积模式研究,并综合现代沉积、无人机与遥感影像对GPR剖面进行解释。识别出4种GPR相: 连续的亚平行低—中振幅反射、连续的顶平底凸型低—中振幅反射、连续倾斜中—高振幅反射以及不连续倾斜高振幅反射,分别对应河漫滩、废弃河道、点坝和滞留沉积4种沉积微相。通过总结砾石质曲流河垂向与横向沉积特征演变及交互作用,建立了多期次沉积模式,并构建了三维地质模型,为后期曲流河储集层预测及建模提供了精细构型组合规律和定量地质信息。

关键词: 曲流河, 探地雷达, 沉积微相, 沉积模式, 呼图壁河, 额尔齐斯河, 新疆

Abstract:

The meandering river sand bodies exhibit rapid lateral variability and feature complex and heterogeneous internal architectures. In this study,ground-penetrating radar(GPR)was employed in conjunction with a combined plan-view and cross-sectional approach to investigate sedimentary patterns in gravel-dominated meandering river segments of the Hutubi and Irtysh Rivers in Xinjiang. Interpretations of GPR profiles were supported by modern sedimentological observations,UAV imagery,and remote sensing data. Four distinct GPR facies were identified: (1)continuous subparallel low-to-medium amplitude reflections corresponding to floodplain deposits;(2)continuous flat-topped to convex-based low-to-medium amplitude reflections indicative of abandoned channels;(3)continuous inclined medium-to-high amplitude reflections characteristic of point bars;and(4)discontinuous inclined high-amplitude reflections associated with lag deposits. Through an integrated analysis of the vertical and lateral sedimentary evolution and their interactions in gravel-bed meandering systems,a multi-phase depositional model was developed. This model supports the construction of a three-dimensional geological framework,providing refined architectural configurations and quantitative geological information that offer valuable guidance for reservoir prediction and modeling in meandering fluvial systems.

Key words: gravelly meandering river, GPR(ground penetrating radar), sedimentary microfacies, sedimentary model, Hutubi River, Irtysh River, Xinjiang

中图分类号:

P319.2

韩海波, 姚宗全, 王威, 德勒恰提·加娜塔依, 谢宗瑞, 汪勇, 杨帆, 赵文硕. 砾石质曲流河探地雷达相刻画及沉积模式研究^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(4): 965-984.

HAN Haibo, YAO Zongquan, WANG Wei, DELEQIATI·Jianatayi, XIE Zongrui, WANG Yong, YANG Fan, ZHAO Wenshuo. Ground penetrating radar facies characterization and sedimentary model study of gravelly meandering river[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(4): 965-984.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I4/965

图/表 14

图 1 新疆呼图壁河与额尔齐斯河地理位置及资料点分布 a—新疆呼图壁河与额尔齐斯河位于中国新疆地区西北部(涉及国界审图号: GS(2016)1600号);b—研究区1位于呼图壁河的中上游段,布置3个探测点; c—研究区2位于额尔齐斯河的中上游段,布置1个探测点和1个沉积演化观测点; d—呼图壁河探测点1、探测点2、探测点3遥感影像与GPR测线布置; e—额尔齐斯河探测点4遥感影像与GPR测线布置; f—额尔齐斯河沉积演化观测点遥感影像

Fig.1 Geographical location and data distribution of Hutubi River and Irtysh River in Xinjiang

表 1 新疆呼图壁河与额尔齐斯河GPR测线信息

Table 1 GPR profile survey line information of Hutubi River and Irtysh River in Xinjiang

GPR剖面	起点坐标		终点坐标		长度/m
	北纬	东经	北纬	东经
剖面A₁	44°3'35.46″	86°48'46.71″	44°3'34.48″	86°48'46.72″	30
剖面A₂	44°3'34.88″	86°48'46.92″	44°3'34.88″	86°48'46.32″	12
剖面B₁	44°3'35.47″	86°48'40.90″	44°3'35.47″	86°48'41.88″	20
剖面B₂	44°3'35.94″	86°48'41.79″	44°3'35.35″	86°48'41.79″	18
剖面C₁	44°3'33.88″	86°48'38.42″	44°3'32.52″	86°48'38.41″	40
剖面C₂	44°3'33.41″	86°48'38.09″	44°3'33.41″	86°48'38.68″	13
剖面D₁	47°26'31.84″	87°40'18.00″	47°26'31.84″	87°40'10.60″	154
剖面D₂	47°26'30.99″	87°40'18.00″	47°26'31.00″	87°40'10.60″	154
剖面D₃	47°26'30.16″	87°40'18.00″	47°26'30.14″	87°40'10.60″	154
剖面D₄	47°26'29.29″	87°40'18.00″	47°26'29.29″	87°40'10.60″	154
剖面D₅	47°26'31.84″	87°40'18.00″	47°26'29.29″	87°40'18.00″	79
剖面D₆	47°26'31.84″	87°40'15.04″	47°26'29.29″	87°40'15.02″	79
剖面D₇	47°26'31.84″	87°40'10.60″	47°26'29.29″	87°40'10.60″	79

图 2 呼图壁河与额尔齐斯河砾石质曲流段典型GPR相综合解译图 a、e、i、m—GPR相的2D模式图; b、f、g、n—对应沉积微相的现代沉积图; c、g、k、o—对应沉积微相的露头(准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系齐古组);d、h、l、p—对应沉积微相的3D模式图; q—4种沉积微相的平面图

Fig.2 Comprehensive interpretation of typical GPR facies in gravelly meandering river of Hutubi River and Irtysh River in Xinjiang

图 3 呼图壁河“串沟截直”式废弃河道 a—废弃河道与GPR探测位置; b—废弃河道平面特征影像; c—200 MHz天线测得GPR剖面

Fig.3 Abandoned channel formed by “chute cutoff” of Hutubi River

图 4 呼图壁河砾石质点坝侧向迁移与平面沉积特征 a—点坝剖面影像; b—点坝示意图; c—沉积微相平面形态; d—点坝平面上的砾石排列显示出侧积层; e—侧积层平面细节

Fig.4 Lateral migration and planar sedimentary characteristics of gravel point bar in Hutubi River

图 5 呼图壁河探测点1无人机影像与GPR剖面解释图 a—点1无人机影像与GPR测线布置位置; b—GPR剖面A₁成像; c—GPR剖面A₂成像

Fig.5 UAV image and GPR profile interpretation of Point 1 in Hutubi River

图 6 呼图壁河探测点2无人机影像与GPR剖面解释图 a—点2无人机影像与GPR测线布置位置; b—GPR剖面B₁成像; c—GPR剖面B₂成像

Fig.6 UAV image and GPR profile interpretation of Point 2 in Hutubi River

图 7 呼图壁河探测点3无人机影像与GPR剖面解释图 a—点3无人机影像与GPR测线布置位置; b—GPR 剖面C₁成像; c—GPR剖面C₂成像

Fig.7 UAV image and GPR profile interpretation of Point 3 in Hutubi River

图 8 额尔齐斯河探测点4无人机影像与GPR剖面解释图 a—点4无人机影像与GPR测线布置位置; b—GPR 剖面D₃成像; c—GPR剖面D₅成像

Fig.8 UAV image and GPR profile interpretation of Point 4 in Irtysh River

图 9 额尔齐斯河观测点5沉积演化过程 a~f—分别为利用Google Earth获取的1988年、1999年、2007年、2013年、2018年、2024年观测点5遥感影像与对应模式简图

Fig.9 Sedimentary evolution process of Point 5 in Irtysh River

表 2 额尔齐斯河观测点平面结构表征参数

Table 2 Plane structure characterization parameters of Irtysh River observation point

阶段 /年份	弯度 (S)	曲率 (C)	扩张系数 (E)	点坝宽 /km	河道数量
Ⅰ/1988	1.90	0.50	1.53	0.27	1
Ⅱ/1999	2.63	0.55	1.18	0.29	1
Ⅲ/2007	3.48	0.59	1.17	0.46	1
Ⅳ/2013	2.41	0.60	1.37	0.31	2
	2.04	0.84	1.05	0.15
Ⅴ/2018	4.00	0.38	1.01	0.35	2
	2.04	0.56	1.37	0.23
Ⅵ/2024	3.14	0.44	1.50	0.59	3
	1.54	0.29	0.98	0.08
	2.35	0.35	0.96	0.25

图 10 额尔齐斯河砾石质点坝垂向分期沉积特征 a—点坝剖面图像; b—点坝的示意简图; c—对应GPR剖面图

Fig.10 Vertical stage sedimentary characteristics of gravel point bar in Irtysh River

图 11 额尔齐斯河点坝和废弃河道的成因机制 a—额尔齐斯河点坝及废弃河道遥感影像; b—点坝和废弃河道形成示意图

Fig.11 Genetic mechanism of point bar and abandoned channel in Irtysh River

图 12 额尔齐斯河砾石质曲流段三维地质模型与GPR模型 a—砾质曲流河沉积三维剖面图; b—点坝沉积粒序示意图; c—GPR网格; d—GPR三维模型

Fig.12 3D geological model of gravelly meandering river and GPR model of Irtysh River

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