三角洲—滩坝复合砂体沉积模式和成因机制研究进展与展望<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.089

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 811-822. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.089

• 岩相古地理学及沉积学 • 下一篇

三角洲—滩坝复合砂体沉积模式和成因机制研究进展与展望^*

纪友亮¹^,²^,³(), 董志武¹, 许瑞¹, 李易伦¹, 高崇龙¹^,³, 周勇²^,³, 刘君龙²^,⁴, 任影¹^,³

1 中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区,新疆克拉玛依 834000
2 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249
3 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,中国石油大学(北京),北京 102249
4 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京 102200

收稿日期:2025-03-22 修回日期:2025-05-05 出版日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2025-07-30
作者简介:
纪友亮,男,1962年生,1983年获华东石油学院学士学位,1991年获石油大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)地学院教授和中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区特聘教授,博士生导师,主要从事石油地质学、沉积学和层序地层学方面的研究。E-mail: jiyouliang@cup.edu.cn。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目(41272157); 国家自然科学基金项目(42072115)

A review of research progress and prospects on depositional models and genetic mechanisms of delta-beach bar composite sand bodies

JI Youliang¹^,²^,³(), DONG Zhiwu¹, XU Rui¹, LI Yilun¹, GAO Chonglong¹^,³, ZHOU Yong²^,³, LIU Junlong²^,⁴, Ren Ying¹^,³

1 Karamay Campus,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Xinjiang Karamay 834000,China
2 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
3 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
4 SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,Beijing 102200,China

Received:2025-03-22 Revised:2025-05-05 Online:2025-08-01 Published:2025-07-30
About author:
JI Youliang,born in 1962,obtained a bachelor’s degree from East China Petroleum Institute in 1983 and earned a PhD degree from China University of Petroleum(Beijing)in 1991. He is currently a professor at the School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),a specially-appointed professor at the Karamay Campus of China University of Petroleum(Beijing),and a supervisor of doctoral students. His main research areas include petroleum geology,sedimentology,and sequence stratigraphy. E-mail: jiyouliang@cup.edu.cn.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41272157); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42072115)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

三角洲—滩坝复合砂体,是河流入(海)湖形成的三角洲砂体在(海)湖水动力改造、(海)湖平面频繁变化引起的岸线迁移等因素的共同作用下形成的一种特殊结构的砂体,其分布规律很难用单成因的沉积模式进行描述,但含油气盆地的勘探实践和现代沉积考察表明,这种复合砂体在含油气盆地中广泛发育。在分析了大量研究实例、现代沉积考察的成果以及查阅了有关复合砂体的研究文献的基础上,对三角洲—滩坝复合砂体的沉积模式和成因机制进行了综合分析。研究认为: (1)影响复合砂体发育的控制因素包括沉积旋回作用、复合水动力的相互作用、地形因素、混积作用和事件性沉积等; (2)三角洲—滩坝复合砂体的分布模式有4种类型,分别为岸线迁移—三角洲侧缘—滩坝复合模式、三角洲前缘型河口坝—碎屑岩滩坝复合模式、三角洲分流河道—沿岸滩坝复合模式、三角洲前缘河口坝—碳酸岩滩坝叠置复合模式。

关键词: 复合砂体, 成因机制, 水动力条件, 沉积模式

Abstract:

Delta-beach bar composite sand bodies represent a unique sedimentary architecture formed through the interplay of multiple factors. These include reworking by the hydrodynamic force of marine/lacustrine waters and shoreline migration caused by frequent sea/lake level fluctuations,which collectively act on deltaic sand bodies at river-sea/lake interfaces. Their complex distribution pattern cannot be characterized by a single-origin sedimentary model. However,these composite sand bodies are widely developed within clastic reservoirs of hydrocarbon-bearing basins. Through comprehensive analysis of numerous case studies,modern sedimentary investigations,and review of relevant research literatures on composite sand bodies,this paper systematically examines research advances in sedimentary models and genetic mechanisms of delta-beach bar composite sand bodies. Key findings are as follows: (1)Primary controlling factors on composite sand bodies development include sedimentary cyclicity,composite hydrodynamic interactions,topographic factors,mixed sedimentation,and event sedimentation,etc..(2)There are four types of distribution models for delta-bar complex sand bodies,namely: shoreline migration-delta lateral margin bar complex model,delta front estuarine bar-clastic bar complex model,delta distributary channel-coastal bar complex model,and delta front estuarine bar-carbonate bar superposition complex model.

Key words: composite sand body, genetic mechanism, hydrodynamic condition, sedimentary model

中图分类号:

P512.2

纪友亮, 董志武, 许瑞, 李易伦, 高崇龙, 周勇, 刘君龙, 任影. 三角洲—滩坝复合砂体沉积模式和成因机制研究进展与展望^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(4): 811-822.

JI Youliang, DONG Zhiwu, XU Rui, LI Yilun, GAO Chonglong, ZHOU Yong, LIU Junlong, Ren Ying. A review of research progress and prospects on depositional models and genetic mechanisms of delta-beach bar composite sand bodies[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(4): 811-822.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I4/811

图/表 8

图 1 三角洲—滩坝复合砂体的沉积模式及发育的控制因素分类(据朱筱敏,2008;纪友亮等,2013,2016;胡晨林等,2015;姜在兴等,2015;杜晓峰等,2020;修改)

Fig.1 Classification of sedimentary models and development control factors of delta-beach bar composite sand bodies (modified from Zhu,2008;Ji et al., 2013,2016;Hu et al.,2015;Jiang et al.,2015;Du et al., 2020)

图 2 层序发育模式,显示海平面下降(下降期体系域晚期)—岸线迁移形成的三角洲—滩坝复合体模式(据Catuneanu,2006;有修改)

Fig.2 Sequence development model,showing model of delta-bar complex formation due to sea-level fall (late stage of Falling Stage Systems Tract)-shoreline migration(modified from Catuneanu,2006)

图 3 渤海油田古近系陆相断陷湖盆混积沉积模式,显示扇三角洲和碳酸盐岩滩坝叠合构成复合沉积体(据杜晓峰等,2020)

Fig.3 Mixed sedimentation model of the Paleogene continental rift lacustrine basin in Bohai Oilfield,showing that fan deltas and carbonate bars overlap to form a composite sedimentary body(after Du et al.,2020)

图 4 单成因砂体和复合砂体的垂向叠合模式(据刘君龙等,2015b;有修改)

Fig.4 Vertical superposition patterns of single-genetic sand bodies and composite sand bodies(modified from Liu et al., 2015b)

图 5 陆相湖盆岸线迁移—三角洲侧缘滩坝复合砂体分布模式(据纪友亮等,2016)

Fig.5 Distribution model of composite sand bodies of shoreline migration-delta lateral margin bars in continental lacustrine basin (after Ji et al., 2016)

图 6 滦河三角洲前缘河口坝—沿岸滩坝复合砂体(卫星照片)

Fig.6 Composite sand body of estuarine bar-coastal bar at front of Luanhe River delta(satellite image)

图 7 岱海西岸泉子沟辫状河三角洲分流河道—沿岸滩坝复合砂体

Fig.7 Composite sand body of Quanzigou braided river delta distributary channel-coastal bar on west bank of Daihai Lake

图 8 浪控三角洲分类图,显示浪控三角洲发育复合砂体 (据Bhattacharya和Giosan,2003;有修改) a—对称型; b—非对称型; c—超非对称型

Fig.8 Classification map of wave-dominated deltas, showing that wave-dominated deltas develop composite sand bodies (modified from Bhattacharya and Giosan,2003)

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三角洲—滩坝复合砂体沉积模式和成因机制研究进展与展望^*

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三角洲—滩坝复合砂体沉积模式和成因机制研究进展与展望*

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三角洲—滩坝复合砂体沉积模式和成因机制研究进展与展望^*