冀中坳陷中部中元古界雾迷山组热液活动特征<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.016

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 823-839. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.016

• 岩相古地理学及沉积学 • 上一篇下一篇

冀中坳陷中部中元古界雾迷山组热液活动特征^*

鲁锴¹(), 张涛¹, 王哲麟¹, 鲍志东²^,³, 张军涛¹, 鲍逸非⁴, 王启超¹, 班舒悦²^,³, 郭妍晶²^,³, 胡小龙²^,³, 张辛雨²^,³

1 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京 102206
2 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249
3 深层地热富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室, 中国石油大学(北京),北京 102249
4 北京邮电大学理学院,北京 100876

收稿日期:2024-04-19 修回日期:2024-09-26 出版日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2025-07-30
通讯作者: 鲍志东,男,1964年生,博士,教授,主要从事沉积学、储层地质学和油气与地热成藏与评价工作。E⁃mail: baozhd@cup.edu.cn。
作者简介:
鲁锴,男,1990年生,博士,副研究员,主要从事碳酸盐岩沉积与储集层研究。E-mail: lukai.syky@sinopec.com。
基金资助:
*深地国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1003600); 中石化科技项目(P24063)

Characteristics of hydrothermal activities in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in central Jizhong Depression

LU Kai¹(), ZHANG Tao¹, WANG Zhelin¹, BAO Zhidong²^,³, ZHANG Juntao¹, BAO Yifei⁴, WANG Qichao¹, BAN Shuyue²^,³, GUO Yanjing²^,³, HU Xiaolong²^,³, ZHANG Xinyu²^,³

1 Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,Sinopec,Beijing 102206,China
2 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
3 State Key Laboratory of Deep Geothermal Resources, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
4 School of Sciences,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China

Received:2024-04-19 Revised:2024-09-26 Online:2025-08-01 Published:2025-07-30
Contact: BAO Zhidong,born in 1964,is a professor. He is mainly engaged in researches on sedimentology,reservoir geology and hydrocarbon and geothermal accumulation and evaluation. E⁃mail: baozhd@cup.edu.cn.
About author:
LU Kai,born in 1990,Ph.D.,is an associate research fellow. Now he is mainly engaged in researches of carbonate sedimentation and reservoirs. E-mail: lukai.syky@sinopec.com
Supported by:
National Deep Underground Science and Technology Project and the Scientific(2024ZD1003600); Technological Projects of Sinopec(P24063)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 冀中坳陷中部中元古界雾迷山组中赋存着大量的油气和地热资源,但目前对于雾迷山组储集层所经历的热液活动研究相对较少。本次研究在野外和岩心观察的基础上,利用电子探针、碳氧稳定同位素、锶同位素和流体包裹体测温等手段,对雾迷山组中热液活动特征及其对储集层的改造作用进行探讨。结果显示: 雾迷山组中发育多种热液相关矿物,其热液活动可分为3类,分别为幔源流体活动、以碳酸盐矿物为主的热液活动和硅质热液活动。其特征主要体现在白云岩发生大理岩化作用; 热液白云石矿物较基岩泥晶白云石的δ¹³C和 δ¹⁸O 值均偏负和锶同位素值升高; 一些白云石、石英和萤石胶结物中流体包裹体的均一温度异常增高。雾迷山组中热液活动强度的差异受控于区域幔源流体活动和输导通道。当研究区内断层和幔源流体活动时期相耦合时,热液活动强度达到最大。其强度西北强于东南; 级别越高、规模越大的断层附近的热液活动越强的特征。热液活动产生的溶蚀作用、重结晶作用和水压力破裂作用对储集层有着建设性改造作用; 充填作用、胶结作用和硅化作用减少了储集空间,是破坏性改造作用; 而大理岩化的过程基本没有改变原岩的储集性。

关键词: 流体包裹体, 热液活动, 雾迷山组, 潜山构造带, 冀中坳陷

Abstract:

The Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in the central Jizhong Depression hosts abundant hydrocarbon and geothermal resources. However,studies on the hydrothermal processes affecting Wumishan reservoirs remain limited. Based on field and core observations,this study integrates electron microprobe analysis,carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis,strontium isotope ratios,and fluid inclusion thermometry to investigate the characteristics of hydrothermal activity and its impacts on reservoir evolution within the Wumishan Formation. Results reveal the presence of diverse hydrothermal minerals,and the hydrothermal processes can be classified into three categories: (1)magmatic-related activity,(2)carbonate-dominated hydrothermal activity,and(3)siliceous hydrothermal activity. These are evidenced by dolomite undergoing marbleization,hydrothermal dolostones showing more negative δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values and higher⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios compared to matrix micritic dolomite,and anomalously elevated homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in dolomite,quartz,and fluorite cements. Variations in hydrothermal intensity are primarily controlled by regional magmatism and fluid migration pathways. Hydrothermal activity is strongest when faulting and magmatic events are temporally coupled,with greater intensity in the northwest compared to the southeast. More intense hydrothermal activity is also observed near higher-order,large-scale faults. Hydrothermal processes such as dissolution,recrystallization,and hydraulic fracturing enhance reservoir quality,while cementation,mineral filling,and silicification reduce porosity and act destructively. In contrast,marbleization has minimal influence on reservoir performance and largely preserves the original rock storage properties.

Key words: fluid inclusion, hydrothermal activity, Wumishan Formation, buried hill structural belt, Jizhong Depression

中图分类号:

P588.24

鲁锴, 张涛, 王哲麟, 鲍志东, 张军涛, 鲍逸非, 王启超, 班舒悦, 郭妍晶, 胡小龙, 张辛雨. 冀中坳陷中部中元古界雾迷山组热液活动特征^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(4): 823-839.

LU Kai, ZHANG Tao, WANG Zhelin, BAO Zhidong, ZHANG Juntao, BAO Yifei, WANG Qichao, BAN Shuyue, GUO Yanjing, HU Xiaolong, ZHANG Xinyu. Characteristics of hydrothermal activities in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in central Jizhong Depression[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(4): 823-839.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I4/823

图/表 12

图 1 冀中坳陷中部区域位置及构造简图(据劳海港等,2010;孙文亮,2010;吴孔友等,2010;毛黎光,2014;有修改) a—研究区在渤海湾盆地中位置; b—冀中坳陷中部雾迷山组顶面构造单元图

Fig.1 Regional location and structural sketch of central Jizhong Depression(modified from Lao et al., 2010; Sun,2010; Wu et al., 2010;Mao,2014)

图 2 冀中坳陷中部构造—地层综合柱状图

Fig.2 Comprehensive histogram of tectonics-strata of central Jizhong Depression

图 3 冀中坳陷中部地层剖面图(据易士威等,2010;有修改)

Fig.3 Strata section of central Jizhong Depression(modified from Yi et al., 2010)

图 4 冀中坳陷中部雾迷山组热液活动标志的宏观特征 a—丘状叠层石白云岩,具有叠层结构的部分直接接触岩浆被大理岩化(见箭头),围岩部分仍是白云岩,雾迷山组,白石山剖面; b—深灰色块状泥晶白云岩发育溶孔,溶孔被白色白云石晶体充填—半充填(见箭头),雾迷山组,易县剖面; c—灰色白云岩被热液溶蚀的孔洞,洞壁上可见硅质胶结物和洁净石英晶体(见箭头),雾迷山组,蓟县剖面; d—玄武岩,侵入于雾迷山组中,D13井,雾迷山组,1501.43 m,岩心; e—灰色泥晶白云岩,溶孔中可见生长的白云石晶体(见箭头),D11井,雾迷山组,873.41 m,岩心; f—图 4-e的局部放大; g—灰色粉晶白云岩,发育硅质发育白色硅质团块(见箭头),马检1井,雾迷山组,2597.09 m,岩心; h—角砾白云岩,白云岩角砾被蚀变为暗红色,角砾间充填黑色沥青质(见箭头),雁33井,雾迷山组, 2879.5 m,岩心; i—角砾白云岩,白云岩角砾被蚀变为黄色—深红色,鄚9井,雾迷山组,4180.15 m,岩心

Fig.4 Macroscopic characteristics of evidences of hydrothermal activities of the Wumishan Formation in central Jizhong Depression

图 5 冀中坳陷中部雾迷山组热液活动标志的微观特征图5说明: a—微晶大理岩,近似六边形晶体嵌晶状结构(见箭头),次生孔隙不发育,雾迷山组,蓟县剖面,单偏光; b—细晶白云岩,晶间孔发育被沥青质充填—半充填(见箭头),雁33井,雾迷山组,井深2852 m,铸体薄片,单偏光; c—叠层石白云岩,溶蚀孔洞(红色虚线)中充填鞍状白云石(SD),波状消光特征,并与石英(Q)伴生; 雾迷山组,蓟县剖面,正交光; d—细—中晶半自形—自形白云石充填物,白云石边缘和中部可见隐晶硅质充填,雾迷山组,涞水剖面,单偏光; e—与d同一视域阴极发光特征,自形—半自形的中—粗晶白云石(CD)发橘黄—红的亮光,基质白云岩(MD)发暗红色光,硅质胶结物(Q)不发光; f—泥晶白云岩,可见硅质热液通道(见黄色虚线),雾迷山组,涞水剖面; g—角砾白云岩,角砾间被硅质热液溶蚀扩大并被硅质充填—半充填(见箭头),部分角砾具有被硅化的特征,高深1井,雾迷山组,井深3097.8 m,铸体薄片,正交光; h—硅质白云岩,水平纹层被热液硅化,残留白云石晶粒(见箭头),雾迷山组,蓟县剖面,单偏光; i—硅质白云岩,与h同一视域,正交光; j—鲕粒白云岩,鲕粒间与鲕粒内部白云石胶结物被硅化(见箭头),雁33井,雾迷山组,井深2902.4 m,正交光; k—角砾白云岩,角砾(见黄色虚线)具有部分或全部被硅化的特征(见箭头),高深1井,雾迷山组,井深3752.7 m,正交光; l—经过高温烘烤的球粒白云岩,球粒被热液溶蚀后具有放射—波状消光特征,任239井,雾迷山组,井深3105.94 m,正交光; m—角砾白云岩,角砾间被萤石充填,在阴极发光下发蓝色光,基质白云岩(MD)发暗红色光,硅质胶结物(Q)不发光,鄚14井,雾迷山组,井深4976.8 m,岩心; n—鲕粒白云岩,溶蚀孔洞中被热液萤石充填(见箭头),具体元素含量见表 1,鄚9井,井深4221.2 m,雾迷山组,电子探针照片; o—泥晶白云岩,白云石基质中溶孔被热液重晶石充填(见箭头),具体元素含量见表 1,任48井,井深2707.5 m,雾迷山组,电子探针照片; p—硅质白云岩,黄铁矿呈带状分布(见箭头),D14井,井深1383.5 m,雾迷山组,单偏光

Fig.5 Microscopic characteristics of evidences of hydrothermal activities of the Wumishan Formation in central Jizhong Depression

表 1 冀中坳陷中部雾迷山组热液矿物电子探针分析结果

Table 1 Results of electronic probe analysis of hydrothermal minerals of the Wumishan Formation in central Jizhong Depression

井号	深度/m	元素含量/%							岩性
		F	Si	Ca	S	Ba	其他元素	总量
雁33	2907.1	0.02	95.34	0.39	0.00	0.03	0.52	96.29	石英
鄚9	4221.2	48.94	0.03	70.90	0.00	0.00	0.24	99.51	萤石
鄚9	4221.2	48.17	0.10	70.92	0.00	0.02	0.31	99.24	萤石
鄚9	4221.2	48.23	0.05	71.24	0.00	0.00	0.14	99.34	萤石
雁33	2879.1	48.31	0.02	71.59	0.00	0.00	0.13	100.14	萤石
雁33	2879.1	0.00	0.02	0.01	34.60	65.62	0.39	100.64	重晶石
任48	2707.5	0.00	0.12	0.18	33.88	65.33	0.56	100.07	重晶石
高深1	3501.6	0.05	96.94	0.17	0.01	0.00	0.87	98.04	石英

冀中坳陷中部雾迷山组热液活动标志特征对比

Table 2 Comparison of hydrothermal activity characteristics of the Wumishan Formation in central Jizhong Depression

类型	热源	宏观特征	微观特征	其他特征
幔源流体	地幔	区内钻遇岩浆岩、野外可见幔源流体与雾迷山组白云岩直接接触,发生热变质作用,使局部白云岩变质为大理岩	白云岩颗粒蚀变为大理岩颗粒,其中发育较好的颗粒可呈近六边形的嵌晶状结构	镜下可见溶孔、溶洞中充填着热液伴生矿物,如黄铁矿、重晶石和萤石等,并且黄铁矿常呈带状分布,证明了热液流体的注入
以碳酸盐矿物为主的热液	岩浆提供热源	野外剖面和岩心中可见雾迷山组白云岩孔洞和裂缝被白色细—中晶白云石胶结物充填—半充填	镜下可见泥晶白云岩重结晶作用,并伴晶间孔或晶间溶孔发育。同时,在溶蚀孔洞中充填的胶结物多以鞍状白云石和较自形的中—粗晶白云石为主。鞍状白云岩具有晶面弯曲,在正交偏光下波状消光的特征。而较自形的中—粗晶白云石晶面较平直,不具有波状消光特征,在阴极发光下发橘黄—红的亮光
硅质热液		野外剖面和岩心可见雾迷山组溶蚀孔洞和裂缝中充填—半充填的硅质胶结物和硅化形成的硅质团块等,水压力破裂作用造成的角砾并且部分角砾有热褪色的结构特征,颜色由灰色变为淡红色—黄色等	沿裂缝或孔洞等通道对周围的原岩进行硅化或溶蚀,在缝壁或孔洞壁上可见硅质胶结物充填—半充填。雾迷山组中似球粒结构在正交偏光下具有波状消光特征,可能是由于原始球粒结构被硅质热液烘烤后发生弯曲变形而造成的

图 6 冀中坳陷中部雾迷山组热液活动地球化学特征 a—雾迷山组碳、氧同位素特征; b—雾迷山组锶同位素特征

Fig.6 Geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal activities of the Wumishan Formation in central Jizhong Depression

图 7 冀中坳陷中部雾迷山组流体包裹体特征 a—孔洞中的中—细晶白云石,成群发育的透明无色盐水包裹体(见红色线),雁33井,井深2901.4 m,雾迷山组,单偏光; b—孔洞石英矿物中成群分布、呈透明无色的盐水包裹体(红色虚线),任266井,井深3221.9 m,雾迷山组,单偏光; c—孔洞萤石矿物中沿微裂隙面成带状分布、呈无色—浅灰色的盐水包裹体与呈深灰色的天然气包裹体(见箭头),鄚14井,雾迷山组,井深4976.4 m,单偏光; d—孔洞中萤石矿物内成带状分布、无色透明的盐水包裹体(见箭头),任266井,井深3174.4 m,雾迷山组,单偏光

Fig.7 Characteristics of fluid inclusions of the Wumishan Formation in central Jizhong Depression

图 8 冀中坳陷中部雾迷山组流体包裹体均一温度分布特征 a—涞水剖面雾迷山组不同胶结物中流体包裹体均一温度分布; b—冀中坳陷中部雾迷山组岩心不同胶结物中流体包裹体均一温度分布

Fig.8 Homogenization temperature distribution of fluid inclusions of the Wumishan Formation in central Jizhong Depression

表 3 冀中坳陷中部雾迷山组不同胶结物中流体包裹体均一温度特征

Table 3 Homogenization temperature characteristics of fluid inclusions in different cements of the Wumishan Formation in central Jizhong Depression

构造单元	井名	取样深度 /m	不同胶结物中流体包裹体均一温度/℃						盖层厚度 /m	地层温度 /℃
			白云石		石英		萤石
			范围	均值	范围	均值	范围	均值
牛驼镇凸起	淀5	2025.7	75~119	97.8	87~103	96	/		2008	75.5
雁翎潜山	雁33	2851.8	70~122	97.3	/		/		2840	99.8
		2885.3	71~97	87.4	/		96~124	106		100.3
		2887.2	88~123	99.4	/		/			100.3
		2901.4	81~117	98.3	/		/			100.5
任丘潜山	任266	3174.4	89~132	103.7	/		108~118	112	3032	107.5
		3188.8	86~109	101.9	116~128	119.3	/			107.7
		3221.9	/		105~124	118.5	/			108.2
鄚州潜山北部洼陷	鄚14	4976.4	117~139	127.6	/		124~132	128.9	4711	159.7

图 9 冀中坳陷中部雾迷山组热液活动分区图

Fig.9 Zoning graph of hydrothermal activities of the Wumishan Formation in central Jizhong Depression

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冀中坳陷中部中元古界雾迷山组热液活动特征^*