海相富有机质页岩储集层特征、成因类型和机制: 以川南长宁五峰组—龙马溪组为例<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.02.007

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 714-730. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.02.007

海相富有机质页岩储集层特征、成因类型和机制: 以川南长宁五峰组—龙马溪组为例^*

廖崇杰¹^,²(), 陈雷¹^,²(), 古志斌³, 刘丙晓³, 杨莉⁴, 谭秀成¹^,²^,⁵, 熊敏¹^,², 曹剑⁶

1 天然气地质四川省重点实验室,西南石油大学,四川成都 610500
2 中国石油集团碳酸盐岩储层重点实验室西南石油大学研究分室,四川成都 610500
3 四川长宁天然气开发有限责任公司,四川成都 610051
4 四川页岩气勘探开发有限责任公司,四川成都 610051
5 油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室,西南石油大学,四川成都 610500
6 南京大学地球科学与工程学院,江苏南京 210023

收稿日期:2024-03-14 修回日期:2024-05-31 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-05-29
通讯作者: 陈雷,男,1985年生,教授,主要从事非常规油气地质和层序地层学研究。E-mail: cl211@126.com。
作者简介:
廖崇杰,男,1998年生,博士研究生,主要从事非常规油气地质和沉积学的学习与研究。E-mail: chongjie98@163.com。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目(42372173)

Characteristics,genetic types and mechanisms of marine organic-rich shale reservoirs: a case study of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

LIAO Chongjie¹^,²(), CHEN Lei¹^,²(), GU Zhibin³, LIU Bingxiao³, YANG Li⁴, TAN Xiucheng¹^,²^,⁵, XIONG Min¹^,², CAO Jian⁶

1 Natural Gas Geology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China
2 Research Branch of Southwest Petroleum University,Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs,CNPC,Chengdu 610500,China
3 Sichuan Changning Gas Development Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610051,China
4 Sichuan Shale Gas Exploration and Development Co.,Ltd., Chengdu 610051,China
5 State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China
6 School of Geosciences and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China

Received:2024-03-14 Revised:2024-05-31 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-05-29
Contact: CHEN Lei,born in 1985,is a professor at Southwest Petroleum University. He is mainly engaged in researches on unconventional petroleum geology and sequence stratigraphy. E-mail: cl211@126.com.
About author:
LIAO Chongjie,born in 1998,a Ph.D. student,is mainly engaged in study and research on unconventional oil and gas geology and sedimentology. E-mail: chongjie98@163.com.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372173)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以四川盆地南部长宁地区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组为例,通过对各井的矿物组分、总有机碳(TOC)含量、孔隙度、含气性和沉积古地貌特征研究,对海相富有机质页岩的储集层成因机制进行分析。研究发现: (1)五峰组主要发育碳酸盐矿物和硅质矿物,页岩TOC含量、孔隙度和含气性均相对较低/较差; 龙马溪组龙一₁亚段下部页岩以硅质矿物为主,TOC含量、孔隙度和含气性均表现最好; 龙一₁亚段上部主要以黏土矿物为主,TOC含量、孔隙度和含气性均较低/较差。(2)将五峰组—龙马溪组海相页岩储集层划分为3个大类: 基质孔隙型储集层、黏土裂缝型储集层和有机孔型储集层,其中基质孔隙型储集层主要发育在五峰组,有机孔型储集层主要发育在龙一₁亚段下部,龙一₁亚段上部则以发育黏土裂缝型储集层为主,研究表明有机孔型储集层孔隙度高、含气性好,是最优质的海相页岩气储集层。 (3)依据残留厚度和补偿厚度印模法, 以下二叠统梁山组底界面为依据绘制出龙马溪组沉积前古地貌格局,通过对龙一₁亚段下部储集层特征与古地貌格局对比, 表明古隆起控制优质烃源岩、斜坡区控制优质储集层, 古隆起与陆源输入联合控制脆性矿物分布。研究提供了一种新的海相富有机质页岩储集层勘探新思路,结果将有助于丰富中国南方海相页岩气富集理论。

关键词: 富有机质页岩, 储集层特征, 成因类型, 成因机制, 古地貌, 奥陶系, 四川盆地

Abstract:

This study investigates the genetic mechanisms of marine organic-rich shale reservoirs through an integrated analysis of mineral composition,total organic carbon(TOC),porosity,gas content,and sedimentary paleogeomorphology in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation(O₃w)to Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation(S₁l₁)within the Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin. The results show that: (Ⅰ)Carbonate minerals and siliceous minerals are mainly developed in the O₃w,and the TOC,porosity and gas content of the shale are relatively poor;The shale in the bottom of S₁ $l 11$ is dominated by siliceous minerals,and its TOC,porosity and gas content are the best. The upper S₁ $l 11$ is dominated by clay minerals,and its TOC,porosity and gas content are poor. (Ⅱ)Marine shale reservoirs of O₃w and S₁ $l 11$ can be divided into three categories: matrix-porosity reservoirs(dominant in O₃w,avg. porosity 3.1%),clay-fracture reservoirs(prevalent in lower S₁ $l 11$ ,avg. porosity 5.8%)and organic-porosity reservoirs(characteristic of upper S₁ $l 11$ ,avg. porosity 2.3%). Organic-porosity reservoirs represent the optimal marine shale gas reservoirs,characterized by high porosity and excellent gas-bearing capacity. (Ⅲ)The pre-depositional paleogeomorphic pattern of the Longmaxi Formation is drawn based on the bottom interface of the lower Permian Liangshan Formation by the residual thickness and compensation thickness impression method. The comparative study of reservoir characteristics and paleogeomorphic pattern in the bottom of S₁ $l 11$ proves that the paleouplift controls the high-quality source rocks,the slope area controls the high-quality reservoirs,and the distribution of brittle minerals is controlled jointly by the paleouplift and terrigenous input. Comprehensive analysis shows that the high quality shale gas reservoir mainly develops in the paleogeomorphic slope area. This systematic approach advances exploration strategies for marine shale reservoirs and enhances theoretical understanding of shale gas enrichment mechanisms in southern China.

Key words: organic-rich shale, reservoir characteristics, genetic types, genetic mechanism, palaeogeomorphology, Ordovician, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

廖崇杰, 陈雷, 古志斌, 刘丙晓, 杨莉, 谭秀成, 熊敏, 曹剑. 海相富有机质页岩储集层特征、成因类型和机制: 以川南长宁五峰组—龙马溪组为例^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(3): 714-730.

LIAO Chongjie, CHEN Lei, GU Zhibin, LIU Bingxiao, YANG Li, TAN Xiucheng, XIONG Min, CAO Jian. Characteristics,genetic types and mechanisms of marine organic-rich shale reservoirs: a case study of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(3): 714-730.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I3/714

图/表 13

图1 四川盆地南部长宁地区位置及其周缘奥陶纪末—志留纪初沉积格局(a; 据刘伟等,2012;施振生等, 2023;修改)及五峰组—龙马溪组地层序列(b; 据陈旭等,2015;陈雷等,2023;修改)

Fig.1 Location of Changning area and the late Ordovician-early Silurian sedimentary pattern in southern Sichuan Basin and its periphery(a; modified from Liu et al., 2012;Shi et al., 2023) and stratigraphic sequence of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations(b; modified from Chen et al., 2015;Chen et al., 2023)

图2 川南长宁地区五峰组—龙一₁亚段全岩矿物组成垂向变化特征(N16井)(a)和黏土矿物、硅质矿物和碳酸盐矿物三端元图(b)

Fig.2 Longitudinal variation characteristics of whole rock mineral composition(Well N16)(a)and three-terminal diagram of clay minerals,siliceous minerals and carbonate minerals in O₃w-S₁

l 11

(b),Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin

图2 川南长宁地区五峰组—龙一₁亚段全岩矿物组成垂向变化特征(N16井)(a)和黏土矿物、硅质矿物和碳酸盐矿物三端元图(b)

Fig.2 Longitudinal variation characteristics of whole rock mineral composition(Well N16)(a)and three-terminal diagram of clay minerals,siliceous minerals and carbonate minerals in O₃w-S₁

l 11

(b),Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin

图3 川南长宁地区龙马溪组龙一

11

小层—龙一

14

小层矿物成分平面展布 a—龙一

11

小层页岩石英含量平面展布图; b—龙一

11

小层黏土矿物含量平面展布图; c—龙一

12

小层石英含量平面展布图; d—龙一

12

小层黏土矿物含量平面展布图; e—龙一

13

小层石英含量平面展布图; f—龙一

13

小层黏土矿物含量平面展布图; g—龙一

14

小层石英含量平面展布图; h—龙一

14

小层黏土矿物含量平面展布图

Fig.3 Plane distribution of mineral composition in S₁

l 1 1 - 1

-S₁

l 1 1 - 4

,Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

图3 川南长宁地区龙马溪组龙一

11

小层—龙一

14

小层矿物成分平面展布 a—龙一

11

小层页岩石英含量平面展布图; b—龙一

11

小层黏土矿物含量平面展布图; c—龙一

12

小层石英含量平面展布图; d—龙一

12

小层黏土矿物含量平面展布图; e—龙一

13

小层石英含量平面展布图; f—龙一

13

小层黏土矿物含量平面展布图; g—龙一

14

小层石英含量平面展布图; h—龙一

14

小层黏土矿物含量平面展布图

Fig.3 Plane distribution of mineral composition in S₁

l 1 1 - 1

-S₁

l 1 1 - 4

,Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

图4 川南长宁地区五峰组—龙一₁亚段各小层TOC含量等值线图和扇形图

Fig.4 Histograms and fan diagrams of TOC content of each layer of O₃w-S₁

l 11

,Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

图4 川南长宁地区五峰组—龙一₁亚段各小层TOC含量等值线图和扇形图

Fig.4 Histograms and fan diagrams of TOC content of each layer of O₃w-S₁

l 11

,Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

图5 川南长宁地区龙一

11

小层(a)和龙一

12

小层(b)页岩TOC含量平面展布

Fig.5 TOC content distribution of shale in S₁

l 11 - 1

(a)and S₁

l 11 - 2

(b) in Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin

图5 川南长宁地区龙一

11

小层(a)和龙一

12

小层(b)页岩TOC含量平面展布

Fig.5 TOC content distribution of shale in S₁

l 11 - 1

(a)and S₁

l 11 - 2

(b) in Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin

图6 川南长宁地区五峰组—龙马溪组储集空间类型 a—N16井,五峰组,2322.02 m,发育方解石溶蚀孔和微裂缝; b—N33井,龙一

12

小层,3191.09 m,发育黄铁矿间原生孔隙; c—N28井,龙一

13

小层,3449.59 m,有机质和矿物间发育粒间孔缝; d—N16井,龙一

14

小层,2297.44 m,黏土矿物层间裂缝大量发育; e—N33井,龙一

12

小层,3195.87 m,发育黏土矿物层间裂缝; f—N16井,龙一

12

小层,2314.16 m,有机质孔大量发育; g—N30井,龙一

12

小层,3299.97 m,有机质孔大量发育; h—N28井,龙一

11

小层,3470.11 m,有机质孔大量发育; i—N33井,龙一

12

小层,3191.09 m,生物体腔表面发育孔隙

Fig.6 Reservoir space types of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin

图6 川南长宁地区五峰组—龙马溪组储集空间类型 a—N16井,五峰组,2322.02 m,发育方解石溶蚀孔和微裂缝; b—N33井,龙一

12

小层,3191.09 m,发育黄铁矿间原生孔隙; c—N28井,龙一

13

小层,3449.59 m,有机质和矿物间发育粒间孔缝; d—N16井,龙一

14

小层,2297.44 m,黏土矿物层间裂缝大量发育; e—N33井,龙一

12

小层,3195.87 m,发育黏土矿物层间裂缝; f—N16井,龙一

12

小层,2314.16 m,有机质孔大量发育; g—N30井,龙一

12

小层,3299.97 m,有机质孔大量发育; h—N28井,龙一

11

小层,3470.11 m,有机质孔大量发育; i—N33井,龙一

12

小层,3191.09 m,生物体腔表面发育孔隙

Fig.6 Reservoir space types of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin

图7 川南长宁地区五峰组—龙一₁亚段各小层孔隙度直方图和孔隙度分布扇形图

Fig.7 Histograms and fan diagrams of porosity of each layer of O₃w-S₁

l 11

,Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

图7 川南长宁地区五峰组—龙一₁亚段各小层孔隙度直方图和孔隙度分布扇形图

Fig.7 Histograms and fan diagrams of porosity of each layer of O₃w-S₁

l 11

,Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

图8 川南长宁地区龙一

11

小层(a)和龙一

12

小层(b)孔隙度平面展布图

Fig.8 The S₁

l 1 1 - 1

(a)and S₁

l 1 1 - 2

(b)planar distribution maps of porosity in shale,Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin

图8 川南长宁地区龙一

11

小层(a)和龙一

12

小层(b)孔隙度平面展布图

Fig.8 The S₁

l 1 1 - 1

(a)and S₁

l 1 1 - 2

(b)planar distribution maps of porosity in shale,Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin

图9 川南长宁地区五峰组—龙一₁亚段各小层含气性等值线图和扇形图

Fig.9 Isograms and fan diagrams of gas content in each layer of O₃w-S₁

l 11

,Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin

图9 川南长宁地区五峰组—龙一₁亚段各小层含气性等值线图和扇形图

Fig.9 Isograms and fan diagrams of gas content in each layer of O₃w-S₁

l 11

,Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin

表1 海相富有机质页岩储集层类型及特征

Table1 Types and characteristics of marine organic-rich shale reservoirs

储集层类型	主要储集空间	成因机制
基质孔隙型储集层	残余原生孔隙	脆性矿物颗粒间未被充填的粒内孔隙;脆性矿物分散于片状黏土矿物中,脆性颗粒与黏土矿物之间粒间孔隙
	不稳定矿物溶蚀孔	碳酸盐矿物和长石等不稳定矿物因溶解(或溶蚀)作用而形成的次生溶孔
	微裂缝	构造作用下形成或脆性矿物与韧性矿物之间形成的裂缝
黏土裂缝型储集层	黏土矿物层间裂缝	成岩阶段,黏土矿物发生脱水转化而析出大量的层间水和结构水,形成微裂隙
有机孔型储集层	有机质孔	有机质因热降解和热裂解而发生大量的排烃,进而形成微孔
有机孔型储集层	生物孔	生物遗体中的空腔或生物钻孔

图10 川南长宁地区N16井五峰组—龙马溪组龙一₁亚段储集层发育综合柱状图

Fig.10 Comprehensive histogram of reservoir development of O₃w-S₁

l 11

in Well N16 in Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin

图10 川南长宁地区N16井五峰组—龙马溪组龙一₁亚段储集层发育综合柱状图

Fig.10 Comprehensive histogram of reservoir development of O₃w-S₁

l 11

in Well N16 in Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin

图11 川南长宁地区龙马溪组沉积前古地貌格局(据韦国栋等,2023)

Fig.11 Predepositional palaeogeomorphologic pattern of the Longmaxi Formation in Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin(from Wei et al., 2023)

图12 川南长宁地区N17井-N16井-N01井-N09井地震剖面

Fig.12 Seismic cross section of Well N17-Well N16-Well N01-Well N09 in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

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海相富有机质页岩储集层特征、成因类型和机制: 以川南长宁五峰组—龙马溪组为例*

Characteristics,genetic types and mechanisms of marine organic-rich shale reservoirs: a case study of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

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海相富有机质页岩储集层特征、成因类型和机制: 以川南长宁五峰组—龙马溪组为例^*