四川盆地中二叠世茅口期构造-沉积分异与峨眉山地幔柱活动的耦合关系<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.058

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 560-577. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.058

• 岩相古地理学及沉积学 • 上一篇下一篇

四川盆地中二叠世茅口期构造-沉积分异与峨眉山地幔柱活动的耦合关系^*

袁海锋¹^,²(), 张本健³, 匡明志¹^,², 张玺华³, 李文杰¹^,², 彭瀚霖³, 陈聪³, 肖钦仁¹^,², 王涛¹^,², 王炳森¹^,², 山述娇³, 李天军³, 袁浩¹^,²

1 成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室,四川成都 610059
2 成都理工大学能源学院(页岩气现代产业学院),四川成都 610059
3 中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院,四川成都 610051

收稿日期:2024-11-09 修回日期:2025-03-14 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-05-29
作者简介:
袁海锋,男,1980年生,教授,主要研究方向为油气成藏动力学及储层地质学。E-mail: yuanhaifeng08@cdut.cn。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目(41872130); 四川省自然科学基金青年基金项目(2023NSFSC0759)

Coupling of tectonic-sedimentary differentiation and Emeishan mantle plume during the Middle Permian Maokouan in Sichuan Basin

YUAN Haifeng¹^,²(), ZHANG Benjian³, KUANG Mingzhi¹^,², ZHANG Xihua³, LI Wenjie¹^,², PENG Hanlin³, CHEN Cong³, XIAO Qinren¹^,², WANG Tao¹^,², WANG Bingsen¹^,², SHAN Shujiao³, LI Tianjun³, YUAN Hao¹^,²

1 State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China
2 College of Energy(College of Modern Shale Gas Industry),Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China
3 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,Chengdu 610051,China

Received:2024-11-09 Revised:2025-03-14 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-05-29
About author:
YUAN Haifeng,born in 1980,professor,is engaged in research on hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics and reservoir geology. E-mail: yuanhaifeng08@cdut.cn.
Supported by:
Co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41872130); Young Scientists Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC0759)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

四川盆地中二叠统茅口组二段滩相白云岩储集层近期获得天然气勘探重大发现,而该滩相白云岩的分布主要受茅口期沉积演化和构造-沉积分异的动力学背景控制。本研究综合野外露头、钻录测井以及牙形刺化石等资料,梳理川中—川北地区茅口组岩石地层和生物地层的对应关系,讨论峨眉山地幔柱活动与茅口期沉积演化的耦合关系,限定构造-沉积分异时间。研究认为: (1)峨眉山地幔柱火山喷发前的地壳隆升控制了茅一段—茅二下亚段沉积期南西高、北东低的碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积格局,茅二上亚段沉积期地幔柱活动驱动碳酸盐岩缓坡演化为碳酸盐岩台地,发生构造-沉积分异,形成绵竹—蓬溪台洼、广元—开江陆棚以及近400 km长的剑阁—丰都大型台缘带; (2)构造-沉积分异始于J. altudaensis牙形刺带,时间为263—262 Ma;之后地幔柱活动增强,广元—开江盆地相向北扩张; (3)川西南地区茅口组沉积期可能存在火山水下喷发事件,都江堰—简阳一带可能发育近东西向的台洼; (4)晚二叠世长兴期绵阳—武胜陆棚以及开江—梁平海槽最晚在茅二上亚段沉积期开始出现雏形。

关键词: 构造-沉积分异, 沉积演化, 峨眉山地幔柱, 茅口组, 四川盆地

Abstract:

Recent significant breakthroughs in natural gas exploration have been achieved in the shoal-facies dolomite reservoirs of Member 2 of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in the Sichuan Basin. The distribution of these dolomite reservoirs is fundamentally controlled by the dynamic interplay between sedimentary evolution and tectonic-sedimentary differentiation during the Maokouan stage under the influence of the Emeishan mantle plume. Integrating field outcrops,drilling data,well logs,and conodont biostratigraphy,this study establishes the correlation between lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic frameworks in the central-northern Sichuan Basin,investigates the coupling mechanism between Emeishan plume activity and Maokouan sedimentary evolution,and precisely constrains the timing of tectonic-sedimentary differentiation. Key findings include: (1)Pre-eruptive crustal uplift induced by the Emeishan mantle plume established a SW-high/NE-low carbonate ramp during the deposition of Member 1 to Lower Member 2 of Maokou Formation. Subsequent plume-driven tectonic activity transformed the ramp into a differentiated platform system during Upper Member 2 deposition,forming the Mianzhu-Pengxi intraplatform depression,Guangyuan-Kaijiang shelf,and the 400 km-long Jian'ge-Fengdu platform-margin belt. (2)Tectonic-sedimentary differentiation initiated within the Jinogondolella altudaensis conodont zone(263-262 Ma),with subsequent intensification of plume activity triggering northward expansion of the Guangyuan-Kaijiang basin facies. (3)Subaqueous volcanic eruptions likely occurred in southwestern Sichuan during the Maokouan stage,potentially developing an E-W trending intraplatform depression along the Dujiangyan-Jianyang area. (4)Prototypes of the Mianyang-Wusheng shelf and Kaijiang-Liangping intraplatform trough,characteristic of the Late Permian Changhsingian stage,were established no later than the depositional stage of the Upper Member 2 of Maokou Formation.

Key words: tectonic-sedimentary differentiation, sedimentary evolution, Emeishan mantle plume, Maokou Formation, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

P531

袁海锋, 张本健, 匡明志, 张玺华, 李文杰, 彭瀚霖, 陈聪, 肖钦仁, 王涛, 王炳森, 山述娇, 李天军, 袁浩. 四川盆地中二叠世茅口期构造-沉积分异与峨眉山地幔柱活动的耦合关系^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(3): 560-577.

YUAN Haifeng, ZHANG Benjian, KUANG Mingzhi, ZHANG Xihua, LI Wenjie, PENG Hanlin, CHEN Cong, XIAO Qinren, WANG Tao, WANG Bingsen, SHAN Shujiao, LI Tianjun, YUAN Hao. Coupling of tectonic-sedimentary differentiation and Emeishan mantle plume during the Middle Permian Maokouan in Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(3): 560-577.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I3/560

图/表 10

图1 四川盆地茅口组剖面位置、峨眉山玄武岩分布(a)和中上二叠统地层柱状图(b) 野外剖面: 1-旺苍王家沟,2-双河口,3-宁强石羊栈,4-广元西北乡,5-丰都雪玉洞,6-华蓥二崖,7-广元朝天,8-剑阁上寺,9-峨边,10-宾川,11-贵州熊家场,12-猫儿山,13-坪地,14-蓬莱滩+铁桥; 年龄资料来源: 262±3 Ma(Guo et al., 2004),263±4 Ma(He et al., 2008),263±2 Ma(Zi et al., 2010),262 Ma(侯莹玲等,2014),262.4±1.7 Ma(朱江,2019),263.7±1.5 Ma (Shellnutt et al., 2020),262.5±2.3 Ma(Yan et al., 2020)

Fig.1 Section location,distribution of Emeishan basalt(a),and stratigraphic column of the Middle-Upper Permian(b)in Sichuan Basin

图2 四川盆地北部中二叠统茅口组牙形刺带对比广元朝天及渡口剖面牙形刺带据Mei et al., 1994;Lai et al., 2008

Fig.2 Comparison of conodont zones of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in northern Sichuan Basin

图3 四川盆地茅口组牙形刺扫描电镜照片 1 ~4—J. aserrata(Clark and Behnken,1979),样本号: 1.Erya-91-1(2-0014),2. Erya-95(4-0004);5~8—J. postserrata (Behnken,1975),样本号:5. Erya-94(3-0012),6. Erya-94(4-0001a),7.C20~3398.5 m(4-0009),8. C20~3379.21 m(4-0011);9~10—J.shannoni(Wardlaw,1994),样本号:9. Erya-96-1(5-0002),10. C20~3370.1 m(3-0013);11~12—J. altudaensis(Kozur,1992),样本号:11. Erya-97-2(4-0012a),12. C20-3364.1 m(1-0008a);13—J. prexuanhanensis(Mei and Wardlaw 1994),样本号: Erya-104 (8-0007a)。图中横线长100 μm,默认为口视。牙形刺分子1,2,5,6,8,11,13来自华蓥二崖剖面,其余的牙形刺分子来自成20井

Fig.3 Scanning electron microscope(SEM)photographs of conodonts of the Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin

图4 四川盆地茅口组沉积相连井剖面 a—图5中黑色剖面线;b—图5中红色剖面线

Fig.4 Correlation of sedimentary facies of the Maokou Formationin Sichuan Basin

图5 四川盆地茅口组沉积相演化(据胡东风,2019;文龙等,2023;杨雨等,2023;冯许魁等,2024;有修改) a—茅一段; b—茅二下亚段; c—茅二上亚段; d—茅三段—茅口组顶部

Fig.5 Palaeogeography evolution of the Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin (modified from Hu,2019;Wen et al., 2023;Yang et al., 2023;Feng et al.,2024)

图6 四川盆地二叠系茅口组野外剖面、岩心及薄片照片 a—亮晶生屑云岩,孔洞充填白云石,蓬阳6井,4486.97~4487.05 m,茅二下亚段; b—粗晶白云岩,晶间孔及晶间溶孔发育,蓬阳6井,4477.90 m,茅二下亚段,单偏光; c—亮晶生屑灰岩,生物铸模孔发育,泸探1井,2997.71 m,茅二下亚段,单偏光; d—厚层晶粒白云岩,丰都雪玉洞剖面,茅二上亚段; e—细—中晶白云岩,晶间孔及晶间溶孔发育,蓬阳1井,6001.6 m,茅二上亚段,单偏光; f—细—中晶白云岩,可见残余颗粒幻影,蓬阳3井,6071.35 m,茅二上亚段,单偏光; g—泥质生屑灰岩,生屑颗粒定向排列,成20井,3363.87 m,茅二上亚段,单偏光; h—泥质生屑灰岩,生屑颗粒被硅质交代,成20井,3364.78 m,茅二上亚段,正交偏光; i—灰色薄层泥质泥晶生屑灰岩,广元西北乡剖面,孤峰段; j—泥质灰岩,见棘皮类生物碎片,剑阁1井,茅三段,7445.50 m,单偏光; k—颗粒灰岩, 元坝8井,茅三段,7284.50~7284.59 m;l—硅质灰岩,生屑颗粒被硅质交代,广元西北乡剖面,孤峰段,正交偏光

Fig.6 Photographs of field sections,cores and thin-sections of the Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin

图7 川中—川北地区地震反射剖面图(剖面位置见图5中绿色剖面线) 长底: 二叠系长兴组(P₃ch)底; 飞底: 三叠系飞仙关组(T₁f)底; 飞四底: 三叠系飞仙关组四段(T₁f⁴)底

Fig.7 Seismic reflection profiles in central and northern Sichuan Basin(profile location shown in Fig.5 with green line)

图8 上扬子地区典型剖面及钻井卡匹敦阶牙形刺带及岩相特征对比宾川剖面: Wignall et al.,2009b;峨边+清音电站剖面和平底剖面: Lai et al., 2008;贵州熊家场剖面和狗场剖面: Wignall et al., 2009b;蓬莱滩+铁桥剖面: Jin et al., 2006;猫儿山剖面: Xia et al., 2005;宣汉渡口剖面: 梅仕龙等,1994;广元朝天剖面: Lai et al., 2008

Fig.8 Correlation profile of the Capitanian conodont zones and lithofacies successsions from typical sections and well in Upper Yangtze Block

图9 四川盆地中二叠统茅口组沉积演化模式

Fig.9 Sedimentary evolutionary models of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin

图10 川西地区格架线地震剖面图(茅口组顶拉平,剖面位置见图5中绿色剖面线) 飞底: 三叠系飞仙关组(T₁f)底; 飞四底: 下三叠统飞仙关组四段(T₁f⁴)底; 须底: 上三叠统须家河组(T₃x)底

Fig.10 Seismic profile of frame line in western Sichuan Basin

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四川盆地中二叠世茅口期构造-沉积分异与峨眉山地幔柱活动的耦合关系^*

Coupling of tectonic-sedimentary differentiation and Emeishan mantle plume during the Middle Permian Maokouan in Sichuan Basin

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四川盆地中二叠世茅口期构造-沉积分异与峨眉山地幔柱活动的耦合关系*

Coupling of tectonic-sedimentary differentiation and Emeishan mantle plume during the Middle Permian Maokouan in Sichuan Basin

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四川盆地中二叠世茅口期构造-沉积分异与峨眉山地幔柱活动的耦合关系^*