鄂西地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩层序地层格架及沉积演化<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.030

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 596-610. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.030

• 岩相古地理学及沉积学 • 上一篇下一篇

鄂西地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩层序地层格架及沉积演化^*

段轲¹^,²^,³(), 文剑航¹^,³, 张焱林¹^,³(), 刘早学¹^,³, 宋腾⁴, 李浩涵⁴

1 湖北省地质调查院,湖北武汉 430034
2 古生物与地质环境演化湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉 430034
3 资源与生态环境地质湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉 430074
4 中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心,北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-05-10 修回日期:2024-09-26 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-05-29
通讯作者: 张焱林,男,1984年生,高级工程师,长期从事页岩气地质调查研究。E-mail: hbgsylz@126.com。
作者简介:
段轲,男,1989年生,高级工程师,长期从事页岩气地质调查研究。E-mail: 359597913@qq.com。
基金资助:
*古生物与地质环境演化湖北省重点实验室开放研究基金课题(PEL-202005)

Stratigraphic framework and sedimentary evolution of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation shale in western Hubei Province

DUAN Ke¹^,²^,³(), WEN Jianhang¹^,³, ZHANG Yanlin¹^,³(), LIU Zaoxue¹^,³, SONG Teng⁴, LI Haohan⁴

1 Hubei Geological Survey,Wuhan 430034,China
2 Key Laboratory of Paleontology and Geoenvironment Evolution of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430034,China
3 Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Geology of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430074,China
4 Oil & Gas Survey of China Geological Survey,Beijing 100083,China

Received:2024-05-10 Revised:2024-09-26 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-05-29
Contact: ZHANG Yanlin,born in 1984,is a senior engineer. He is mainly engaged in shale gas geological investigation and research. E-mail: hbgsylz@126.com.
About author:
DUAN Ke,born in 1989,is a senior engineer. He is mainly engaged in shale gas geological investigation and research. E-mail: 359597913@qq.com.
Supported by:
Open Research Fund of the Key Laboratory of Paleontology and Geoenvironmental Evolution of Hubei Province(PEL-202005)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩是中上扬子地区重要的烃源岩。目前,对中上扬子地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组层序地层划分和层序地层格架建立等方面还存在较大分歧,尤其针对牛蹄塘组页岩的层序地层学研究相对较少。综合利用野外露头、钻井岩心、常规和能谱测井以及地球化学参数,对鄂西地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩的层序地层格架及沉积演化进行了系统分析。研究表明,鄂西地区牛蹄塘组页岩可识别出2个三级层序,其中牛蹄塘组一段(牛一段)和牛蹄塘组二段(牛二段)分别为1个三级层序,均由海侵体系域(TST)和高位体系域(HST)组成。以体系域为单元,通过层序地层对比,分析了牛蹄塘组页岩沉积时的沉积环境演变与海平面变化,提出了早寒武世海平面变化的4个阶段,即波动上升期、波动下降期、快速上升期和逐步下降期,最后提出了系统的牛蹄塘组页岩沉积演化模式,为进一步开展中上扬子地区页岩气勘探的有利储集层评价及预测提供理论依据。

关键词: 页岩, 层序地层, 沉积演化, 牛蹄塘组, 鄂西地区

Abstract:

The shale of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation is an important hydrocarbon source rock in the Middle and Upper Yangtze region. However,significant inconsistencies remain regarding the stratigraphic division and framework establishment of the Niutitang Formation in the Middle and Upper Yangtze region. Moreover,sequence stratigraphic studies focused specifically on the Niutitang shale are still limited. In this study,the stratigraphic framework and sedimentary evolution of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang shale in western Hubei Province were systematically analyzed using an integrated approach incorporating field outcrop observations,drilling core data,conventional and spectral logs,and geochemical proxies. Two third-order sequences are recognized within the Niutitang Formation shale in western Hubei Province. The first(Niu 1 Member)and second(Niu 2 Member)members each constitute a third-order sequence composed of a Transgressive Systems Tract(TST)and a Highstand Systems Tract(HST). Sequence stratigraphic correlation enabled the reconstruction of depositional environments and relative sea-level fluctuations,revealing four evolutionary phases during the Early Cambrian: a fluctuating transgressive stage,a fluctuating regressive stage,a rapid transgression,and a gradual regression. A comprehensive depositional model for the Niutitang shale is established,providing a theoretical foundation for predicting favorable reservoir intervals and guiding future shale gas exploration in the Central and Upper Yangtze region.

Key words: shale, sequence stratigraphy, sedimentary evolution, Niutitang Formation, western Hubei Province

中图分类号:

P588.21

段轲, 文剑航, 张焱林, 刘早学, 宋腾, 李浩涵. 鄂西地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩层序地层格架及沉积演化^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(3): 596-610.

DUAN Ke, WEN Jianhang, ZHANG Yanlin, LIU Zaoxue, SONG Teng, LI Haohan. Stratigraphic framework and sedimentary evolution of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation shale in western Hubei Province[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(3): 596-610.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I3/596

图/表 8

图1 鄂西地区区域构造背景及震旦纪—早寒武世地层沉积特征 a—埃迪卡拉纪晚期至寒武纪早期的全球古地理图(据Ma et al., 2019);b—华南地区早寒武世岩相古地理图(据Steiner et al., 2007;Liu et al., 2015;有修改);c—钻井及剖面位置图,A-B代表图8的位置; d—鄂西地区南华系—下寒武统柱状图

Fig.1 Regional tectonic setting and the Sinian-Early Cambrian stratigraphic sedimentary characteristics in western Hubei Province

图2 鄂西地区ZD1井和YY1井牛蹄塘组层序划分

Fig.2 Stratigraphic sequence of the Niutitang Formation of Wells ZD1 and YY1 in western Hubei Province

图3 鄂西地区牛蹄塘组页岩野外露头特征 a—灯影组和牛蹄塘组界线,即层序SQ1底界面(SB1),SB1之下为灯影组灰白色厚层白云岩,SB1之上为牛蹄塘组一段灰黑色碳质页岩与深灰色泥灰岩互层,向上泥灰岩含量减少,碳质页岩含量增加,罗家村剖面; b—为a的放大照片,层序SQ1底界面(SB1),罗家村剖面; c—SQ1的最大海泛面,发育灰黑色中层状钙质泥岩和灰黑色薄层状黑色泥岩2种岩性,界面之下为SQ1海侵体系域,向上黑色泥岩含量增加,钙质泥岩含量减少,界面之上为SQ1高位体系域,钙质泥岩含量增加,罗家村剖面; d—牛一段与牛二段界线,即层序SQ1和SQ2的界面(SB2),界面之下为牛一段灰色中—厚层状泥灰岩与灰黑色薄层状钙质泥岩互层,界面之上为牛二段灰黑色薄层状页岩,罗家村剖面; e—为d的放大照片,层序SQ1和SQ2的界面,罗家村剖面; f—SQ2的最大海泛面,主要发育黑色碳质页岩,界面之上为SQ2高位体系域,钙质泥岩含量逐渐向上增加,罗家村剖面; g—牛二段和牛三段界线,即层序SQ1和SQ2的界面(SB3),SB3之下为牛二段黑色泥岩, SB3之上为牛蹄塘组三段灰色泥晶灰岩,白竹岭剖面

Fig.3 Sedimentary characteristics of outcrops of the Niutitang shale in western Hubei Province

图4 鄂西地区ZD1井牛蹄塘组矿物成分及氧化还原指标垂向变化

Fig.4 Mineral composition and redox condition proxy variation of the Niutitang Formation in Well ZD1 in western Hubei Province

图5 鄂西地区YY1井牛蹄塘组矿物成分垂向变化

Fig.5 Mineral composition variation of the Niutitang Formation of Well YY1 in western Hubei Province

图6 鄂西地区牛蹄塘组层序格架内各体系域沉积特征 a—黑色泥岩夹灰色石灰岩,牛一段,罗家村剖面; b—黑色泥岩中生物屑发育,黄铁矿团块发育,牛一段,YY1井,井深3067.60~3067.73 m;c—黑色泥岩中发育草莓状黄铁矿,粒径约7 μm,牛一段,ZD1井,井深825.25 m,扫描电镜; d—灰色石灰岩与深灰色泥岩互层,泥岩中生物屑发育,牛一段,井深380.40~380.60 m;e—石英颗粒,粒径长轴约25 μm,牛一段灰黑色泥岩,ZD2井,井深825.25 m;f—纹层状黄铁矿与团块状黄铁矿,牛二段黑色碳质页岩,ZD1井,井深320.70 m;g—海绵骨针,呈圆形的横切面或单轴单射/单轴多射的纵切面,黄铁矿发育,牛二段黑色含碳钙质页岩,长阳西寺坪剖面; h—草莓状黄铁矿,粒径约6 μm,牛二段黑色碳质页岩,ZD1井,井深351.17 m,扫描电镜; i—海绵骨针,呈圆形的横切面或单轴单射/单轴多射的纵切面,生物屑和黄铁矿发育,牛二段灰黑色含碳含生物屑泥岩,长阳西寺坪剖面; j—草莓状黄铁矿,粒径约4 μm,牛二段,ZD1井,井深269.52 m,扫描电镜; k—泥晶方解石与粉砂、微晶方解石混合物各自集中相间分布形成水平层理,牛二段深灰色含粉砂微晶灰岩,长阳西寺坪剖面

Fig.6 Sedimentary characteristics of different tract systems of the Niutitang Formation in western Hubei Province

图7 鄂西地区牛蹄塘组层序地层对比图

Fig.7 Sequence stratigraphic correlation of the Niutitang Formation in western Hubei Province

图8 鄂西地区牛蹄塘组页岩层段序地层演化模式

Fig.8 Sequence stratigraphic evolution model of shale interval of the Niutitang Formation in western Hubei Province

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鄂西地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩层序地层格架及沉积演化^*

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鄂西地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩层序地层格架及沉积演化*

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鄂西地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩层序地层格架及沉积演化^*