古地理学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5): 1037-1057. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2024.05.077

所属专题: 沉积岩石学进展

• 厚层烃源岩专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

陆内裂谷湖相火山-热液沉积型白云岩研究进展*

魏世林1, 焦鑫1, 柳益群1, 李红1, 周鼎武2, 吕亦然3   

  1. 1 大陆动力学国家重点实验室,西北大学地质学系,陕西西安 710069;
    2 山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院,山东青岛 266590;
    3 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-21 修回日期:2024-04-08 出版日期:2024-10-01 发布日期:2024-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 焦鑫,男,1985年生,副教授,主要从事沉积岩石学、火山-热液沉积学、页岩油研究工作。E-mail: jxin807@163.com。
  • 作者简介:魏世林,男,2000年生,硕士研究生,主要从事沉积学研究工作。E-mail: wsl1924@163.com。
  • 基金资助:

    *国家自然科学基金青年项目(编号: 41802120)与陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(编号: S2024-JC-YB-1766)联合资助

Progress on volcanic-hydrothermal sedimentary dolostone in intracontinental lacustrine rift basin

WEI Shilin1, JIAO Xin1, LIU Yiqun1, LI Hong1, ZHOU Dingwu2, Lü Yiran3   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China;
    2 College of Earth Science and Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Shandong Qingdao 266590,China;
    3 Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China
  • Received:2024-02-21 Revised:2024-04-08 Online:2024-10-01 Published:2024-09-27
  • Contact: JIAO Xin,born in 1985,is an associate professor in Northwest University. His research interests include sedimentary petrology,volcanic-hydrothermal sedimentology,and shale oil. E-mail: jxin807@163.com.
  • About author:WEI Shilin,born in 2000,is a master degree candidate in Northwest University. He is engaged in sedimentology. E-mail: wsl1924@163.com.
  • Supported by:

    Youth Program of the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.41802120)and the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(No. S2024-JC-YB-1766)

摘要:

以富有机质黑色页岩为代表的页岩油、页岩气资源近年来成为全球范围内油气勘探、开发领域的研究热点。该岩性在中国陆相湖盆中主要为来源复杂的细粒沉积岩,其中发育有一类特殊的纹层状泥晶白云岩。该类白云岩的岩石学、矿物学微观特征和地球化学特征既区别于常见的次生白云石化成因白云岩,又与微生物成因白云岩不同,被定义为一类新型的火山-热液沉积型白云岩。在研读大量国内外文献的基础上,综述了现代湖相白云石全球分布及形成环境特征,并展示了白云岩成因模式研究进展。重点选择了均在拉张构造背景下所形成的三塘湖盆地和准噶尔盆地芦草沟组、酒西盆地下沟组和二连盆地腾格尔组发育的火山-热液沉积型白云岩为研究对象,并进行对比研究。发现该类白云岩的特征: (1)保留有完好的原始微米级纹层结构和微晶晶体,后期受到的成岩作用较弱; (2)与半深—深湖黑色泥页岩互层且缺乏蒸发作用特征,并含有不同比例的火山-热液矿物; (3)锶同位素显示成岩流体具有深源(壳-幔混合)特征; (4)含有丰富的有机物质,并与油气分布展现出较强的耦合关系。最后,提出应加强该类白云岩研究、 利用其蕴含的特殊地质信息进行构造背景示踪及探讨其与油气生成关系。

关键词: 白云岩成因, 湖相泥晶白云岩, 热液沉积, 黑色页岩, 裂谷盆地

Abstract:

Organic-rich black shales,which represent shale oil and gas resources,have become a research hotspot in the field of oil and gas exploration and development in China and around the world in recent years. These lithologies consist mainly of complexly sourced fine-grained sedimentary rocks in continental lacustrine basins in China,among which a special type of laminated microcrystalline dolostone is developed. The petrological,mineralogical micro-features,and geochemical characteristics of this type of dolostone are distinct from the commonly dolostones formed by dolomitization and are also different from microbial mediated dolostones. Hence,the dolostones have been defined as a new type of volcanic-hydrothermal sedimentary dolostone. Based on extensive review of domestic and foreign literature,this paper summarizes the global distribution and environmental characteristics of modern lacustrine dolomites and presents the research progress on the models of origins of dolostone. The focus is on the comparative study of volcanic-hydrothermal sedimentary dolostones found in the Lucaogou Formation in Santanghu and Junggar Basins, the Xiagou Formation in Jiuxi Basin,and the Tengger Formation in Erlian Basin,all of which are formed in an extensional tectonic setting. Four characteristics are summarized as follows: (1)These dolostones are well-preserved with μm-scale laminated structure and microcrystallized,indicating latterly weak diagenesis. (2)They contain a variety of volcanic-hydrothermal minerals,and are interbedded with semi-deep to deep lacustrine black shale. Evaporite characteristics are lacking. (3)Strontium isotopes indicate that the diagenetic fluid has a deep source(crust-mantle mixed)characteristic. (4)They are rich in organic matters and show a strong coupling relationship with hydrocarbon distribution. Finally,it is recommended to enhance research on this type of dolostone,utilize its unique geological information for tracing tectonic backgrounds,and explore its relationship with hydrocarbon generation as future research directions.

Key words: dolomite origin, lacustrine microcrystalline dolostone, hydrothermal sedimentology, black shale, rift basin

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