古地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 789-809. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2021.04.040

• 古地理学及矿产资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

湖相烃源岩中的火山—热液深源物质与油气生成耦合关系研究进展*

焦鑫1, 柳益群1, 周鼎武2, 李红1, 孟子圆1, 赵敏茹1, 杨奕曜1   

  1. 1 大陆动力学国家重点实验室,西北大学地质学系,陕西西安 710069;
    2 山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院,山东青岛 266510
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-30 修回日期:2021-04-19 出版日期:2021-08-01 发布日期:2021-07-22
  • 通讯作者: 柳益群,女,1951年生,教授,主要从事沉积学、油气地质学研究工作。E-mail: liu-yiqun@263.net
  • 作者简介:焦鑫,男,1985年生,讲师,主要从事沉积岩石学、火山—热液沉积学研究工作。E-mail: jxin807@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    *国家自然科学基金青年项目(编号: 41802120)资助

Progress on coupling relationship between volcanic and hydrothermal-originated sediments and hydrocarbon generation in lacustrine source rocks

Jiao Xin1, Liu Yi-Qun1, Zhou Ding-Wu2, Li Hong1, Meng Zi-Yuan1, Zhao Min-Ru1, Yang Yi-Yao1   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China;
    2 College of Earth Science and Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Shandong Qingdao 266510,China
  • Received:2021-03-30 Revised:2021-04-19 Online:2021-08-01 Published:2021-07-22
  • Contact: Liu Yi-Qun,born in 1951,is a professor in Northwest University. Her research focuses on sedimentation,and oil & gas geology. E-mail: liu-yiqun@263.net.
  • About author:Jiao Xin,born in 1985,is a lecturer in Northwest University. His interesting area includes sedimentary petrology and volcanic-hydrothermal sedimentation. E-mail: jxin807@163.com.
  • Supported by:
    Financially supported by Youth Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41802120)

摘要: 陆内湖相烃源岩系是中国含油气盆地广泛发育的一类组分复杂且富含有机质的细粒沉积岩。随着非常规油气资源需求量日益增加,该岩系被作为致密油或页岩油层系受到广泛关注。然而,其极细的粒度增加了精细岩石学、矿物学研究难度,使它长期被简单视为陆源沉积岩。研究发现,该岩系中发育丰富的火山喷发及热液喷流产生的深源物质,并与油气的生成和富集表现出了极强的耦合关系。因此,探索深源物质如何参与烃源岩形成并影响油气生成亟待深入研究。作者详细总结并探讨了国内外近年来关于湖相烃源岩成因以及火山—热液活动带来的深源物质与油气形成关系的现阶段新发现与认识。并结合笔者研究团队基于新疆三塘湖盆地二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩的新发现,采用精细的岩石学、矿物学方法,结合无机和有机地球化学等方法,初步开展了该耦合关系的机理研究。认为火山—热液深源物质参与了烃源岩的沉积与成岩作用,并与正常湖相沉积物共同影响着油气的形成。建议重新认识湖相烃源岩的物质组成,从而拓展陆相生油理论,同时为同类型非常规油气资源勘探开发提供理论指导。

关键词: 火山—, 热液沉积, 深源物质, 湖相烃源岩, 油气生成, 非常规油气

Abstract: Intracontinental lacustrine source rocks are hydrocarbon-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks with complex mineral compositions, which are widely distributed in Chinese petroliferous basins. The rocks are important unconventional oil and gas reservoirs amid increasingly demand for unconventional hydrocarbon resources. However,they have been mis-understood as simple terrestrial sedimentary rocks for a long time because the great difficulties in petrological and mineralogical research caused by their fine-grained size. Recent studies found abundant sediments generated by volcanic eruption and hydrothermal exhalation in this type of source rocks; the sediments show a significant control on hydrocarbon generation and accumulation. Hence,the mechanisms and controlling factors of volcanic-hydrothermal sediments in hydrocarbon generation of this type of source rocks require in-depth studies. This paper summarizes and discusses recent research status on some new discoveries and viewpoints on the relationship between volcanic and hydrothermal-originated sediments and hydrocarbon formation. The connotation of the coupling relationship was preliminarily studied using detailed petrological and mineralogical as well as inorganic and organic geochemical data,on the basis of our new viewpoints on source rocks in the Permian Lucaogou Formation in Santanghu Basin. The volcanic and hydrothermal-originated sediments not only have played a significant role in deposition and diagenesis of the source rocks,but also show a co-influence on hydrocarbon generation and accumulation with conventional lacustrine sediments. We suggest that the mineral and lithological features of lacustrine source rocks should be re-studied. The result will expand the theory of hydrocarbon generation in terrestrial sediments and,practically,serve as a guide for unconventional hydrocarbon exploration of similar source rocks.

Key words: volcanic-hydrothermal sedimentation, deep-derived sediments, lacustrine source rocks, hydrocarbon generation, unconventional hydrocarbon

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