高精度层序格架下湖底扇沉积特征及演化:以鄂尔多斯盆地庆北长7段为例<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.022

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 611-624. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.022

• 岩相古地理学及沉积学 • 上一篇下一篇

高精度层序格架下湖底扇沉积特征及演化:以鄂尔多斯盆地庆北长7段为例^*

叶定蓬¹(), 何云龙¹(), 侯秀林², 周波², 王磊飞³, 张先平⁴, 李国顺¹, 刘佳钰¹, 向常龙¹, 张涵⁴, 吕德杰⁵

1 海洋地质资源湖北省重点实验室(中国地质大学(武汉)),湖北武汉 430074
2 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
3 长庆油田陇东油气开发分公司,甘肃庆阳 745000
4 中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院,湖北武汉 430074
5 内蒙古自治区自然资源厅综合保障中心,内蒙古呼和浩特 010041

收稿日期:2024-01-31 修回日期:2024-07-16 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-05-29
通讯作者: 何云龙,男,1983年生,博士后,副教授,长期从事沉积物重力流沉积及其资源环境效应研究。E-mail: ylhe@cug.edu.cn。
作者简介:
叶定蓬,男,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为含油气盆地沉积体系分析。E-mail: 15623189702@163.com。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目(41502102); 国家自然科学基金项目(42072137)

Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of sublacustrine fan in high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework: a case study of the Chang 7 Member in Qingbei area,Ordos Basin,China

YE Dingpeng¹(), HE Yunlong¹(), HOU Xiulin², ZHOU Bo², WANG Leifei³, ZHANG Xianping⁴, LI Guoshun¹, LIU Jiayu¹, XIANG Changlong¹, ZHANG Han⁴, LÜ Dejie⁵

1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China
2 PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China
3 Longdong Oil and Gas Development Company of Changqing Oil Field,Gansu Qingyang 745000,China
4 Faculty of Earth Resources,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China
5 Comprehensive Security Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Department of Natural Resources,Hohhot 010041,China

Received:2024-01-31 Revised:2024-07-16 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-05-29
Contact: HE Yunlong,born in 1983,postdoctor,associate professor,has long been engaged in research on sediment gravity flow deposition and its resource and environmental effects. E-mail: ylhe@cug.edu.cn.
About author:
YE Dingpeng,born in 1999,is a master degree candidate. His research direction is sedimentary system analysis of petroleum basin. E-mail: 15623189702@163.com.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41502102); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42072137)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湖底扇是近年来鄂尔多斯盆地油气勘探的热点目标之一,具有重要的油气勘探价值。湖底扇发育受到多种因素的影响,不同地质背景下的湖底扇沉积演化特征差异性明显。本次研究以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段湖底扇为研究对象,综合利用岩心、测井及地震等资料,在高精度层序格架内对庆北地区长7₁层序单元的湖底扇展开沉积演化分析。研究表明,依据四级层序长7₁内部岩性突变面,长7₁层序单元可划分出5个五级层序单元,重点五级层序单元7₁-5及7₁-4可进一步划分出10个六级层序单元。本次研究识别出重力流水道、水道天然堤复合体、天然堤、朵体和朵体边缘等不同的湖底扇沉积单元。研究表明,研究区湖底扇主要由辫状河三角洲前缘供源,在湖平面持续下降及温暖潮湿的气候背景下,陆源碎屑输入量高,辫状河三角洲前缘物源供给增强,湖盆可容纳空间下降,湖底扇向东北方向进积,朵体范围变大,具有横向连片、纵向叠置的沉积特征。

关键词: 长7段, 重力流, 湖底扇, 沉积特征, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

In recent years,sublacustrine fans have emerged as a prime focus for oil and gas exploration in the Ordos Basin due to their immense potential. However,their development is influenced by multiple factors,leading to distinct sedimentary evolution patterns under varying geological settings. This study focuses on the sublacustrine fan in the Chang 7 Member of Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin. By integrating core,well logs,and seismic data,a detailed analysis of the sedimentary evolution of the Chang 7₁ sequence unit's sublacustrine fan in the Qingbei area was conducted within a high-resolution sequence framework. The results show that the Chang 7₁ sequence unit can be systematically divided into five distinct fifth-order sequence units,based on lithological discontinuity surfaces within the fourth-order sequence. Notably,the crucial fifth-order sequence units,7₁-5 and 7₁-4,can be further subdivided into 10 sixth-order sequences. The present study successfully distinguished various sedimentary units within the sublacustrine fan,including gravity flow channel,channel-levee complex,levee,lobe,and lobe edge. Given the sedimentary background,the sublacustrine fan in the study area is interpreted to be mainly sourced from the braided river delta front. The results indicate that during periods of lake-level fall under warm and humid climatic conditions,increased terrigenous clastic input enhanced sediment suppy from the braided river delta front,and the accommodation space of the lake basin decreased,facilitating northeastward progradation of the sublacustrine fan,with expanding depositional lobes showing distinct lateral migration patterns.

Key words: Chang 7 Member, gravity flow, sublacustrine fan, sedimentary characteristics, Ordos Basin

中图分类号:

P512.2

叶定蓬, 何云龙, 侯秀林, 周波, 王磊飞, 张先平, 李国顺, 刘佳钰, 向常龙, 张涵, 吕德杰. 高精度层序格架下湖底扇沉积特征及演化:以鄂尔多斯盆地庆北长7段为例^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(3): 611-624.

YE Dingpeng, HE Yunlong, HOU Xiulin, ZHOU Bo, WANG Leifei, ZHANG Xianping, LI Guoshun, LIU Jiayu, XIANG Changlong, ZHANG Han, LÜ Dejie. Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of sublacustrine fan in high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework: a case study of the Chang 7 Member in Qingbei area,Ordos Basin,China[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(3): 611-624.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I3/611

图/表 11

图1 鄂尔多斯盆地庆北地区位置(A)(据刘芬等,2015,修改)和延长组地层特征(B)(据姚泾利等,2018,修改)

Fig.1 Location of Qingbei area,Ordos Basin(A)(modified from Liu et al., 2015)and stratigraphic characteristics of the Yanchang Formation(B)(modified from Yao et al., 2018)

图2 鄂尔多斯盆地庆北地区延长组典型地震剖面

Fig.2 Typical seismic profile of the Yanchang Formation,Qingbei area,Ordos Basin

表1 鄂尔多斯盆地庆北地区长7段五级层序格架特征、识别标志

Table1 Characteristics and identification marks of the fifth-level sequence framework of the Chang 7 Member in Qingbei area, Ordos Basin

五级层序界面	特征、识别标志
7₁-5顶界面	界面下为中高GR值薄层泥岩;界面上为中GR值箱形泥岩
7₁-4顶界面	界面下为中低GR值砂岩;界面上为中高GR值泥岩
7₁-3顶界面	界面下为中高GR值薄层泥岩;界面上为中GR值箱形泥岩
7₁-2顶界面	界面下为中高GR值箱形泥岩;界面上为中高GR值砂岩

图3 鄂尔多斯盆地庆北地区长7段连井层序格架

Fig.3 Sequence framework of connecting wells of the Chang 7 Member in Qingbei area,Ordos Basin

图4 鄂尔多斯盆地庆北地区长7段湖底扇沉积构造特征 A—D5井,2232.04~2229.5 m,灰黑色块状细砂岩,层面云母碎片含量5%~10%,中部夹薄层泥岩,厚度不超过3 cm,局部含炭屑; B—F1井, 2002.11~2001.84 m,灰色块状细砂岩,中部发育泥质撕裂条带,条带中发育水平层理; C—F1井,1997.18~1996.95 m,可见鲍马序列B、C、E段,发育火焰构造; D—E9井,2044.99~2043.26 m,灰色块状细砂岩夹泥岩纹层,发育波痕构造、印模,偶见炭屑; E—F1井,1999.81~1999.46 m,黑色粉砂质泥岩夹灰黑色粉砂岩,发育交错层理; F—C4井,1836.82~1836.67 m,黑色薄层泥岩夹灰色粉砂岩,顶部可见滑塌构造; G—F1井,2079.83~2079.63 m,灰色块状细砂岩,发育变形构造; H—G1井,2048.55~2048.08 m,灰色块状细砂岩,发育包卷构造; I—H1井,1885.43~1885 m,灰色块状细砂岩夹黑色泥岩纹层,可见泥砾和炭屑; J—G2井,1915.4~1914.43 m,灰色含砾细砂岩,角砾成分以泥岩为主,呈棱角状、次圆状,局部呈条带状; K—G1井,2016.8~2015.34 m,灰色细砂岩,底部发育火焰构造; L—G2井,1938.8~1938.5 m,灰色块状细砂岩,发育火焰构造,含泥质条带

Fig.4 Sedimentary structure characteristics of sublacustrine fan in the Chang 7 Member,Qingbei area,Ordos Basin

图5 鄂尔多斯盆地庆北地区典型湖底扇岩性测井综合响应特征

Fig.5 Lithology-logging comprehensive response characteristics of typical sublacustrine fan in Qingbei area, Ordos Basin

图6 鄂尔多斯盆地庆北地区典型湖底扇沉积微相识别图版

Fig.6 Microfacies identification marks of typical sublacustrine fan in Qingbei area,Ordos Basin

图7 鄂尔多斯盆地庆北地区长7段典型连井沉积剖面

Fig.7 Typical connecting well sedimentary profile of the Chang 7 Member in Qingbei area, Ordos Basi

图8 鄂尔多斯盆地庆北地区长7₁层序单元内7₁-5及7₁-4层序沉积时期砂体厚度图 A—7₁-5-4层序沉积时期砂厚图; B—7₁-5-3层序沉积时期砂厚图; C—7₁-5-2层序沉积时期砂厚图; D—7₁-4-4层序沉积时期砂厚图; E—7₁-4-3层序沉积时期砂厚图; F—7₁-4-1层序沉积时期砂厚图

Fig.8 Thickness maps of sand bodies during the 7₁-5 and 7₁-4 depositional periods of Chang 7₁ sequence unit in Qingbei area,Ordos Basin

图9 鄂尔多斯盆地庆北地区长7₁层序单元内7₁-5及7₁-4层序沉积时期湖底扇演化 A—7₁-5-4层序沉积时期沉积相图; B—7₁-5-3层序沉积时期沉积相图; C—7₁-5-2层序沉积时期沉积相图; D—7₁-4-4层序沉积时期沉积相图; E—7₁-4-3层序沉积时期沉积相图; F—7₁-4-1层序沉积时期沉积相图

Fig.9 Evolution of sublacustrine fan during the 7₁-5 and 7₁-4 depositional periods of Chang 7₁ sequence unit in Qingbei area,Ordos Basin

图10 鄂尔多斯盆地庆北地区长7₁层序单元内7₁-5及7₁-4层序沉积时期湖底扇沉积模式 A—7₁-5层序沉积时期湖底扇沉积模式图; B—7₁-4层序沉积时期湖底扇沉积模式

Fig.10 Lacustrine fan sedimentary model of the 7₁-5 and 7₁-4 depositional periods in Chang 7₁ sequence unit in Qingbei area,Ordos Basin

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高精度层序格架下湖底扇沉积特征及演化:以鄂尔多斯盆地庆北长7段为例^*

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高精度层序格架下湖底扇沉积特征及演化:以鄂尔多斯盆地庆北长7段为例*

Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of sublacustrine fan in high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework: a case study of the Chang 7 Member in Qingbei area,Ordos Basin,China

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高精度层序格架下湖底扇沉积特征及演化:以鄂尔多斯盆地庆北长7段为例^*