河西走廊叠合盆地砂岩储集层成岩演化及控储因素: 以雅布赖盆地侏罗系新河组为例<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.062

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 731-745. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.062

河西走廊叠合盆地砂岩储集层成岩演化及控储因素: 以雅布赖盆地侏罗系新河组为例^*

冯双奇¹(), 季汉成¹(), 陈亮², 蒋雪桂³, 向鹏飞⁴, 史燕青¹, 刘颖⁵, 李玲⁵

1 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249
2 中国石油大学(北京)理学院,北京 102249
3 中国石化西北油田分公司,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
4 中国石化新星(北京)新能源研究院有限公司,北京 100083
5 中国石油华北油田公司勘探开发研究院,河北任丘 062552

收稿日期:2024-12-11 修回日期:2025-01-19 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-05-29
通讯作者: 季汉成,男,1966年生,中国石油大学(北京)教授,博士生导师,主要从事沉积学、储层地质学等研究。E-mail: jhch@cup.edu.cn。
作者简介:
冯双奇,男,1994年生,中国石油大学(北京)博士研究生,主要从事储层地质学研究。E-mail: feng868919@163.com。
基金资助:
*国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFB1504101); 中国石油科技创新基金(2021D002-0102); 中国石油大学(北京)科研启动基金(2462023BJR011)

Diagenetic evolutions and controlling factors on sandstone reservoir in superimposed basin,Hexi Corridor: insights from the Jurassic Xinhe Formation of Yabrai Basin

FENG Shuangqi¹(), JI Hancheng¹(), CHEN Liang², JIANG Xuegui³, XIANG Pengfei⁴, SHI Yanqing¹, LIU Ying⁵, LI Ling⁵

1 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
2 College of Science,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
3 Northwest Oilfield Company,Sinopec, Urümqi 830011,China
4 New Energy Research Institute of Sinopec Star Co.,LTD,Beijing 100083,China
5 Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company,Hebei Renqiu 062552,China

Received:2024-12-11 Revised:2025-01-19 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-05-29
Contact: JI Hancheng,born in 1966,is a professor and Ph.D. supervisor at China University of Petroleum(Beijing). He is mainly engaged in sedimentology,reservoir geology. E-mail: jhch@cup.edu.cn.
About author:
FENG Shuangqi,born in 1994,is a Ph.D. candidate of China University of Petroleum(Beijing). He is mainly engaged in reservoir geology. E-mail: feng868919@163.com.
Supported by:
Co-funded by State's Key Project of Research and Development Plan(2019YFB1504101); Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of China Petroleum(2021D002-0102); Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(2462023BJR011)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 河西走廊地区中生代叠合盆地构造演化复杂,沉积体系多变,地层经历了多期埋藏和构造抬升,储集层成岩蚀变多样、非均质性强,因此研究储集层成岩演化特征及相关的沉积—成岩控储作用对油气勘探至关重要。综合岩心观察描述、岩石薄片鉴定和电子扫描显微镜观察、地球化学测试等分析手段,明确了雅布赖盆地中侏罗统新河组下段的储集层成岩特征以及成岩演化序列,深入分析了沉积—成岩对储集层质量的控制。研究表明: 目的层主要发育辫状河三角洲前缘和重力流沉积,以长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主。相带、埋藏成岩作用及构造抬升相关的溶蚀改造的时空特征,共同决定了储集层的孔隙空间类型及物性差异。具体而言,中厚层辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体经历了显著的溶蚀作用,但溶蚀孔隙内次生成岩矿物较少,孔隙连通性好,普遍为低孔中渗储集层; 中—薄层河口坝和半深湖—深湖重力流水道砂体具有较高的长石、岩屑含量以及较多的泥质塑性杂基,溶蚀孔内充填大量钠长石/硅质胶结物和黏土矿物,导致该类型储集层普遍具有低孔低渗的特点。

关键词: 叠合盆地, 沉积相带, 储集层, 主控因素, 雅布赖盆地, 河西走廊

Abstract:

The Mesozoic superimposed basin in the Hexi Corridor is characterized by complex tectonic evolutions and variable sedimentary systems. The stratigraphy of these hydrocarbon-bearing basins has undergone multiple phases of burial and tectonic uplift,and hydrocarbon reservoirs exhibit diverse diagenetic alterations and strong heterogeneity. Therefore,the study of reservoir diagenetic characteristics and the associated sedimentary and diagenetic controls is essential for the successful exploration of oil and gas fields. This study focuses on the diagenetic mineralogical characteristics and evolution of the Middle Jurassic Lower Xinhe Formation,based on a range of analytical techniques,including optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and geochemical tests. Moreover,the impacts of sedimentary and diagenetic characteristics on reservoir quality are investigated. The study demonstrates that the target layers are characterized by braided delta front and gravity flow deposit,which are dominated by arkoses and lithic arkoses. The variations in pore space types and physical properties of sandstone reservoirs are determined by the combined influence of microfacies,burial diagenetic alterations and uplift-related dissolution. In detail,the medium- to thick-bedded sandstones of subaqueous distributary channel facies at the delta front are characterized by strong dissolution modification and limited secondary authentic precipitations. These reservoirs typically exhibit low porosity and medium permeability. The medium-to thin-bedded sandstones of gravity flow channel and mouth bar facies are characterized by a considerable quantity of detrital feldspar and fragments,as well as high content of ductile clay-rich matrix. Furthermore,the dissolution pores are filled by abundant authigenic albite,silica cements and clay minerals. Consequently,the sandstones exhibit tight reservoir characteristics,with low porosity and low permeability.

Key words: superimposed basin, sedimentary facies, reservoirs, controlling factors, Yabrai Basin, Hexi Corridor

中图分类号:

TE122

冯双奇, 季汉成, 陈亮, 蒋雪桂, 向鹏飞, 史燕青, 刘颖, 李玲. 河西走廊叠合盆地砂岩储集层成岩演化及控储因素: 以雅布赖盆地侏罗系新河组为例^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(3): 731-745.

FENG Shuangqi, JI Hancheng, CHEN Liang, JIANG Xuegui, XIANG Pengfei, SHI Yanqing, LIU Ying, LI Ling. Diagenetic evolutions and controlling factors on sandstone reservoir in superimposed basin,Hexi Corridor: insights from the Jurassic Xinhe Formation of Yabrai Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(3): 731-745.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I3/731

图/表 9

图1 雅布赖盆地构造单元划分(据周晓峰等,2020;有修改)及地层综合柱状图 a—河西走廊盆地群分布图; b—雅布赖盆地构造单元; c—雅布赖盆地地层柱状图; d—雅布赖盆地小湖次凹NW向地震剖面图

Fig.1 Structural units of the Yabrai Basin(modified from Zhou et al., 2020),and comprehensive stratigraphic column chart

图2 雅布赖盆地小湖次凹北斜坡中侏罗统新河组下段主要沉积相类型

Fig.2 Major types of sedimentary facies of the Middle Jurassic Lower Xinhe Formation in gentle slope of Xiaohu sub-sag,Yabrai Basin

图3 雅布赖盆地中侏罗统新河组下段一亚段砂岩组分图 a—岩石类型三角图; b—XRD全岩矿物分析直方图

Fig.3 Detrital composition of the first sub-member of Middle Jurassic Lower Xinhe Formation in Yabrai Basin

图4 雅布赖盆地中侏罗统新河组下段一亚段储集层物性特征 a—孔隙度—渗透率交会散点图; b—孔隙度分布图; c—渗透率分布图

Fig.4 Characteristic of reservoir porosity and permeability for the first sub-member of Middle Jurassic Lower Xinhe Formation in Yabrai Basin

图5 雅布赖盆地中侏罗统新河组下段一亚段储集层微观特征 a,b,c,d—水下分流河道粗中粒长石砂岩,岩屑主要是火山岩和变质岩岩屑,大量粒间溶蚀扩大孔; 少量石英次生加大、碳酸盐胶结物,铁方解石胶结物交代石英次生加大,溶蚀孔内局部可见充填状绿泥石和钠长石晶体以及少量斑块状方解石胶结物Ca-Ⅱ;e,f,g,h—河口坝微相中细砂岩,粒间少量残余粒间孔和溶蚀孔,大量的黑云母弯折变形,早期白云石被晚期铁白云石胶结物交代; 局部可见铁方解石及铁白云石胶结,长石溶蚀及长石次生加大现象; i,j,k,l—重力流水道中砂岩,粒间和粒内溶蚀孔为主,长石蚀变和次生加大显著,溶蚀孔内发育石英加大等。Pip-原生粒间孔,Sop-铸模孔,MF-微裂缝,Sdp-粒内溶蚀孔,Sip-粒间溶蚀孔; Fld-长石,QD-碎屑石英,VRF-火山岩岩屑,MRF-变质岩岩屑,BM-黑云母; Qo-石英次生加大,Qm-微晶石英,Fo-长石次生加大,An-铁白云石胶结物,Do-白云石, Ca-Ⅰ-第Ⅰ期方解石胶结物,Ca-Ⅱ-第Ⅱ期方解石胶结物,Fc-铁方解石胶结物

Fig.5 Microscopic characteristics of reservoir in the first sub-member of Middle Jurassic Lower Xinhe Formation in Yabrai Basin

图6 雅布赖盆地中侏罗统新河组下段一亚段不同相带储集层成岩特征 a—早期孔隙—基底式胶结方解石(Ca-Ⅰ),雅华3井,井深2682.6 m;b—石英次生加大及粒间溶蚀孔内充填状绿泥石及钠长石晶体,雅华3井,井深2641.4 m;c,d—粒间溶蚀孔内孔隙衬垫绿泥石膜,绿泥石膜不发育位置可见微晶石英、钠长石,局部可见长石溶蚀及石英/长石次生加大,溶蚀孔内可见晚期方解石胶结物(Ca-Ⅱ),雅华3井,井深2641.7 m;e—粒间孔被微晶石英、黏土矿物等完全充填,部分碎屑长石溶蚀表面发育片状伊利石,雅探7井,井深2408.48 m;f,g—长石溶蚀及溶蚀孔内的自形钠长石、微晶石英,碎屑颗粒表面可见片状伊利石,雅探7井,井深2408.48 m;h—粒间溶蚀孔被片状绿泥石及微晶石英充填,雅探7井,井深2408.48 m;i—溶蚀孔被铁方解石胶结,部分的石英次生加大和碎屑颗粒被交代,雅探11井,井深2568.81 m;j—长石溶蚀及溶蚀孔内的微晶石英等,雅探11井,井深2611.7 m;k—孔隙被石英次生加大、绿泥石等充填封闭,雅探11井,井深2628 m;l—碎屑颗粒间的早期弱压实形成的方解石胶结物(Ca-Ⅰ),碎屑颗粒点接触,弱溶蚀的长石碎屑表面可见片状伊利石,雅探11井,井深2570.1 m。Fld-长石,QD-碎屑石英,BM-黑云母; Qo-石英次生加大,Qm-微晶石英,FD-长石溶蚀,Fo-长石次生加大,Ab-钠长石,Ⅰ-伊利石,Ca-Ⅰ-第Ⅰ期方解石胶结物, Ca-Ⅱ-第Ⅱ期方解石胶结物,Fc-铁方解石胶结物,Chc-颗粒包膜绿泥石,Chp-孔隙衬里绿泥石

Fig.6 Diagenetic characteristics of reservoir among different sedimentary micro-facies of the first sub-member of Middle Jurassic Lower Xinhe Formation in Yabrai Basin

图7 雅布赖盆地中侏罗统新河组下段一亚段储集层成岩演化序列

Fig.7 Paragenetic sequence of main diagenetic minerals in the first sub-member of Middle Jurassic Lower Xinhe Formation in Yabrai Basin

图8 雅布赖盆地中侏罗统新河组下段储集层孔、渗与碎屑成分、结构、胶结物及杂基含量的关系

Fig.8 Relationship among reservoir quality(permeability and porosity)and detrital components,textures,content of cements and detrital clay matrix of the Middle Jurassic Lower Xinhe Formation in Yabrai Basin

图9 雅布赖盆地中侏罗统新河组下段一亚段压实和胶结减孔效果分析交会图

Fig.9 Cross-plot showing original porosity reductions of the first sub-member of Middle Jurassic Lower Xinhe Formation in Yabrai Basin by compaction or cementation

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河西走廊叠合盆地砂岩储集层成岩演化及控储因素: 以雅布赖盆地侏罗系新河组为例^*

Diagenetic evolutions and controlling factors on sandstone reservoir in superimposed basin,Hexi Corridor: insights from the Jurassic Xinhe Formation of Yabrai Basin

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河西走廊叠合盆地砂岩储集层成岩演化及控储因素: 以雅布赖盆地侏罗系新河组为例*

Diagenetic evolutions and controlling factors on sandstone reservoir in superimposed basin,Hexi Corridor: insights from the Jurassic Xinhe Formation of Yabrai Basin

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河西走廊叠合盆地砂岩储集层成岩演化及控储因素: 以雅布赖盆地侏罗系新河组为例^*