塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系物源与沉积相<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.019

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 870-885. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.019

• 岩相古地理学及沉积学 • 上一篇下一篇

塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系物源与沉积相^*

黎立¹^,²^,³(), 孙春燕¹^,²^,³, 董尧⁴, 罗强¹^,²^,³, 屈洋¹^,²^,³, 朱世发⁴()

1 塔里木油田分公司勘探开发研究院,新疆库尔勒 841000
2 中国石油天然气集团有限公司超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发技术研发中心,新疆库尔勒 841000
3 新疆维吾尔自治区超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发工程研究中心,新疆库尔勒 841000
4 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249

收稿日期:2024-07-03 修回日期:2024-09-09 出版日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2025-07-30
通讯作者: 朱世发,男,1982年生,博士,教授,主要从事储集层地质学与沉积学的教学与科研工作。E-mail: zhushifa_zsf@163.com。
作者简介:
黎立,女,1988年生,工程师,从事油气地质研究。E-mail: lili2-tlm@petrochina.com.cn。
基金资助:
*中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目“超深层碎屑岩油气分布规律与区带目标优选”(2023ZZ14YJ02)

Provenance and sedimentary facies of the Jurassic in Fusha fault depression,piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin

LI Li¹^,²^,³(), SUN Chunyan¹^,²^,³, DONG Yao⁴, LUO Qiang¹^,²^,³, QU Yang¹^,²^,³, ZHU Shifa⁴()

1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Tarim Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Xinjiang Korla 841000,China
2 R & D Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development,CNPC,Xinjiang Korla 841000,China
3 Engineering Research Center for Ultra-deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Korla 841000,China
4 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China

Received:2024-07-03 Revised:2024-09-09 Online:2025-08-01 Published:2025-07-30
Contact: ZHU Shifa,born in 1982,is a Ph.D. supervisor and professor.He is mainly engaged in teaching and researches on reservoir geology and sedimentology. E⁃mail: zhushifa_zsf@163.com.
About author:
LI Li,born in 1988,is an engineer. She specializes in oil and gas geology. E-mail: lili2-tlm@petrochina.com.cn
Supported by:
Science and Technology Project of China National Petroleun Corporation“Oil and gas distribution and zone target optimization of ultra-deep clastic rock”(2023ZZ14YJ02)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木盆地西南山前地区甫沙断陷甫沙8井侏罗系砂岩油气勘探取得了突破,但该区域侏罗系整体勘探程度低,物源特征以及沉积体系尚不清楚,明显制约了其油气勘探进程。利用测井、岩心与地震等资料,本研究在系统分析甫沙断陷侏罗系物源特征的基础上,明确了侏罗系沉积相类型及其展布规律。研究认为,甫沙断陷侏罗系存在南、北两大物源体系,南部西昆仑山物源供给能力强,北部斜坡区供源能力较弱,母岩主要为元古界变质岩、古生界岩浆岩和二叠系沉积岩。侏罗纪甫沙断陷发育一个完整的裂陷旋回,先后经历了初始断陷期、强烈断陷期和断-拗转换期3个演化阶段。共识别出扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲和湖泊3种沉积相类型,南部陡坡带主要发育冲积扇—扇三角洲—湖泊沉积体系,北部缓坡带主要发育辫状河三角洲—湖泊沉积体系,且该沉积相展布具有继承性发育的特征,受控于古地貌、物源供给、盆地的裂陷活动等因素。综合以上研究,认为初始断陷期(莎里塔什组沉积时期)南部构造转换带控制的辫状河三角洲砂体可作为甫沙断陷有利勘探目标。

关键词: 物源分析, 沉积相, 甫沙断陷, 侏罗系, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

A significant breakthrough in the exploration of Jurassic sandstone oil and gas was achieved in well Fusha 8,located in the piedmont area of the southwestern Tarim Basin. However,the overall exploration level of the Jurassic remains low. The characteristics of the provenance and the sedimentary systems within the basin are still unclear,which hinders the process of exploration. This paper uses logging data,core samples,and seismic data to clarify the types and distribution of sedimentary facies through a systematic analysis of the Jurassic provenance characteristics in the Fusha fault depression. It is concluded that there are two major provenance systems in the Jurassic strata of the Fusha fault depression: the western Kunlun Mountains in the south exhibit a strong provenance supply capacity,while the northern slope area displays a weaker provenance. The provenance areas are mainly composed of Proterozoic metamorphic rocks,Paleozoic magmatic rocks and Permian sedimentary rocks. The Jurassic basin underwent a complete rifting cycle,which can be categorized into three evolution stages: the initial rifting stage,the intense rifting stage,and the rifting-depression transition stage. In the study area,three sedimentary facies were identified: fan delta,braided river delta and lacustrine facies. The southern steep slope zone mainly develops an alluvial fan-fan delta-lacustrine sedimentary system,while the northern gentle slope zone is mainly characterized by a braided river delta-lacustrine sedimentary system. The distribution of the Jurassic sedimentary system in the Fusha fault depression,located in the piedmont area of the southwestern Tarim Basin,exhibits vertical inheritance development,and is influenced by factors such as palaeogeomorphology,provenance supply,and basin rifting activities. Based on this research,it is proposed that the braided river delta sandbodies controlled by the southern tectonic transition zone during the sedimentary period of the Shalitashi Formation(initial rifting stage)represent favorable exploration targets within the region.

Key words: provenance analysis, sedimentary facies, Fusha fault depression, Jurassic, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

P512.2

黎立, 孙春燕, 董尧, 罗强, 屈洋, 朱世发. 塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系物源与沉积相^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(4): 870-885.

LI Li, SUN Chunyan, DONG Yao, LUO Qiang, QU Yang, ZHU Shifa. Provenance and sedimentary facies of the Jurassic in Fusha fault depression,piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(4): 870-885.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I4/870

图/表 12

图 1 塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷区域地质概况及地层发育特征(据陈汉林等,2018;王清华等,2023;有修改) A—塔里木盆地构造单元划分; B—北东—南西方向地层格架剖面图; C—研究区位置图; D—甫沙8井侏罗系柱状图

Fig.1 Regional geological outline and stratigraphic development characteristics of the Fusha fault depression in the piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin(modified from Chen et al., 2018;Wang et al., 2023)

图 2 塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系古流向及甫沙断陷甫沙8井侏罗系近南北向地震剖面 A—古水流玫瑰图; B—甫沙8井侏罗系近南北向地震剖面(层拉平杨叶组最大湖泛面,平面位置见图 2-A)

Fig.2 Jurassic palaeocurrents and near north-south trending seismic section in Well Fusha 8,Fusha fault depression,piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin

图 3 塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系岩屑和重矿物组合平面分布

Fig.3 Plane distribution map of the Jurassic rock debris and heavy minerals assemblage in Fusha fault depression, piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin

图 4 塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系岩屑类型 A—石英岩岩屑,甫沙8井,3956 m,J₁s,正交偏光; B—片麻岩岩屑,甫沙8井,3915 m,J₁s,正交偏光; C—粉砂岩岩屑,甫沙8井,3985 m,J₁s,正交偏光; D—粉砂岩岩屑,K101井,4316.15 m,J₁k,正交偏光; E—泥岩岩屑,K101井,4315.85 m,J₁k,单偏光; F—石英岩岩屑,K101井,4316.55 m,J₁k,正交偏光

Fig.4 Types of the Jurassic rock debris from Fusha fault depression in piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin

图 5 塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系石英阴极发光特征 A—石英暗褐色为主,部分蓝紫色,K101井,康苏组,4315.85 m;B—石英棕褐色为主,部分蓝紫色,K2井,杨叶组,2271.95 m;C—石英棕褐色为主,K2井,杨叶组,2272.25 m;D—石英暗褐色为主,KY1井,康苏组,830 m

Fig.5 Characteristics of the Jurassic quartz cathodoluminescence from Fusha fault depression in piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin

图 6 塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系砂岩组分物源判别三角形图解(底图据Dickinson and Suczek,1979;Dickinson et al., 1983)

Fig.6 Provenance discrimination triangle diagram for the Jurassic sandstone component of the Fusha fault depression in southwestern Tarim Area(base map according to Dickinson and Suczek,1979; Dickinson et al., 1983)

图 7 塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系岩心和薄片典型照片 A—灰色细砾岩,递变层理,辫状河三角洲平原分流河道,J₁k,K101井,4315.95 m;B—灰色砂砾岩,见冲刷界面,辫状河三角洲平原分流河道,J₁k,K101井,4316.80 m;C—颗粒次棱角—次圆状,辫状河三角洲平原分流河道,J₁k,K101井,4315.85 m,单偏光; D—灰色含砾粗砂岩夹煤层,辫状河三角洲平原分流河道,J₁k,K101井,4316.3 m;E—颗粒分选中等,磨圆为次棱角—次圆状,辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道,J₁s,K1井,3985.00 m,正交偏光; F—颗粒分选差,磨圆为次棱角状,扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道,J₁s,F3井,5124.00 m,单偏光; G—灰黑色碳质泥岩,见植物叶片化石,滨岸沼泽,J₁k,F2井,5006.6 m;H—灰黑色碳质泥岩夹薄层粉砂岩,砂纹交错层理,滨浅湖泥,J₁k,F2井,5003.30 m;I—灰黑色碳质泥岩夹薄层粉砂岩,砂纹交错层理,滨浅湖泥,J₁k,F2井,5003.30 m

Fig.7 Typical photos of the Jurassic cores and thin sections of Fusha fault depression in piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin

图 8 塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系测井相特征 A—甫沙8井; B—F3井; C—F2井

Fig.8 Logging facies characteristics of the Jurassic of Fusha fault depression in piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin

图 9 塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系沉积相剖面图(连井剖面线位置见图 1)

Fig.9 Sedimentary facies profile of the Jurassic of Fusha fault depression in piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin(location of connecting well profile line seen in Fig. 1)

图 10 塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系莎里塔什组均方根振幅属性

Fig.10 Root-mean-square amplitude attribute map of the Jurassic Shalitashi Formation in Fusha fault depression,piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin

图 11 塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系沉积相平面分布 A—莎里塔什组; B—康苏组; C—杨叶组; D—塔尔尕组

Fig.11 Plane distribution of the Jurassic sedimentary facies of Fusha fault depression in piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin

图 12 塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系莎里塔什组沉积充填演化模式

Fig.12 Sedimentary filling evolutionary model of the Jurassic Shalitash Formation in Fusha fault depression,piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin

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塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系物源与沉积相^*

Provenance and sedimentary facies of the Jurassic in Fusha fault depression,piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin

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塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系物源与沉积相*

Provenance and sedimentary facies of the Jurassic in Fusha fault depression,piedmont area of southwestern Tarim Basin

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塔西南山前地区甫沙断陷侏罗系物源与沉积相^*