滇东北羊场磷矿区ZK0816井寒武系梅树村组深水牵引流沉积<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.025

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 853-869. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.025

• 岩相古地理学及沉积学 • 上一篇下一篇

滇东北羊场磷矿区ZK0816井寒武系梅树村组深水牵引流沉积^*

李向东(), 杨敏, 魏泽昳

昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明 650093

收稿日期:2024-02-09 修回日期:2024-10-24 出版日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2025-07-30
作者简介:
李向东,男,1973年生,博士、副教授,长期从事沉积学研究。E-mail: lixiangdong614@163.com。
基金资助:
*昆明理工大学“双一流”建设科技专项(202202AG050006); 国家自然科学基金项目(41272119)

Deep-water traction current deposits of the Cambrian Meishucun Formation in Well ZK0816,Yangchang phosphate ore area of northeastern Yunnan Province

LI Xiangdong(), YANG Min, WEI Zeyi

School of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

Received:2024-02-09 Revised:2024-10-24 Online:2025-08-01 Published:2025-07-30
About author:
LI Xiangdong,born in 1973,Ph.D.,an associate professor,is engaged in sedimentology research. E-mail: Lixiangdong614@163.com
Supported by:
Science and Technology Special Project for Double First-class Construction of Kunming University of Science and Technology(202202AG050006); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41272119)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

滇东北地区寒武系梅树村组磷矿床为中国扬子地块西南缘沉积型磷矿的重要组成部分,其成因一般认为和上升洋流有关,但对上升洋流的表现形式和作用方式缺少研究。作者对滇东北羊场磷矿区ZK0816井梅树村组岩心进行了综合观察,详细分析了其沉积序列、沉积构造、沉积环境和沉积类型,结果表明: (1)梅树村组自下而上可划分为3段7小段,一、三段为磷质岩,二段为磷块岩; (2)沉积序列以向上变薄序列为主,次为双向递变序列和波动序列; (3)沉积构造总体上以条纹条带构造为主,从下到上,有从规则到不规则再到规则的变化趋势; (4)二段第1小段发育典型的不规则条纹条带,垂向上构成细—粗—细粒序,第2小段发育小型双向交错层理和波状层理。经过综合分析认为: (1)梅树村组第一、二、三段分别沉积于潮下带、深水斜坡和浅海陆棚环境; (2)梅树村组二段(主要工业磷矿层KT2)发育深水牵引流沉积,第1小段以上斜坡等深流沉积为主,第2小段以下斜坡内波、内潮汐沉积为主; (3)深水牵引流可能为上升洋流的具体表现形式,促进大洋水体的垂向混合作用。

关键词: 沉积型磷矿, 等深流, 内波、内潮汐, 上升洋流, 梅树村组, 寒武系, 滇东北地区

Abstract:

The phosphate ore of Meishucun Formation in northeastern Yunnan Province represent an important component in sedimentary phosphate ore along the southwestern margin of the Yangtze block. While their formation is commonly attributed to upwelling currents,the relationship between these upwelling processes and oceanic circultion patterns remains insufficiently studied. This study focuses on the Meishucn Formation in Well ZK0816 from the Yangchang phosphate ore area,Northeastern Yunnan Province. Core data were systematically collected,including detailed lithological descriptions bed by bed,sedimentary successions,structure features,and environmental and facies analysis. The results show that: (1)The Meishucun Formation can be divided into three members and seven submembers from bottom to top. The first,second and third members are composed of phosphorous rock,phosphorite and phosphorous rock,respectively;(2)The sedimentary succession is dominated by thinning-upward pattern,with subordinate bidirectional and waving-upward trends;(3)Overall,the sedimentary structure is dominated by stripped and banded sedimentary structure,showing a transition from regular to irregular and back to regular layering upward;(4)The typical irregular stripped and banded structures forming coarsening-up and then fining-up succession is developed in the first submember of the second member. Additionally,small-scale bidirectional cross-lamination and wavy lamination are developed in the second submember. These findings suggest that: (1)the first,second and third members of the Meishucun Formation were probably deposited in subtidal zone,slope and shelf environments,respectively;(2)Deep-water traction current deposits are developed in the second member which corresponds to the main industrial phosphate ore layer(KT2)in study area. Contour current deposits are identified in the upper slope setting within the first submember,while internal-wave and internal-tide deposits are recognized in the lower slope setting of the second submember;(3)Upwelling currents may have been induced by deep-water traction currents,contributing to vertical mixing of oceanic water mass.

Key words: sedimentary phosphate ore, contour current, internal-wave and internal-tide, upwelling current, Meishucun Formation, Cambrian, northeastern Yunnan Province

中图分类号:

P512.2

李向东, 杨敏, 魏泽昳. 滇东北羊场磷矿区ZK0816井寒武系梅树村组深水牵引流沉积^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(4): 853-869.

LI Xiangdong, YANG Min, WEI Zeyi. Deep-water traction current deposits of the Cambrian Meishucun Formation in Well ZK0816,Yangchang phosphate ore area of northeastern Yunnan Province[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(4): 853-869.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I4/853

图/表 10

图 1 滇东北羊场磷矿区地质简图(据秦欢等,2022;有修改)

Fig.1 Geological sketch of Yangchang phosphate ore area,northeastern Yunnan Province(modified from Qin et al., 2022)

图 2 滇东北镇雄羊场磷矿区ZK0816井梅树村组岩性柱状图垂向序列: T—向上单层厚度变薄序列; C—向上单层厚度变厚序列; B—向上单层厚度双向递变序列; W—向上单层厚度无明显变化规律的波动序列; A—厚层至块状叠置层

Fig.2 Lithologic histogram of the Meishucun Formation in Well ZK0816,Yangchang phosphate ore area of Zhenxiong,northeastern Yunnan Province

图 3 滇东北镇雄羊场磷矿区梅树村组及灯影组岩石类型 a—磷块岩,下部为灰黑色含细粉屑磷块岩,上部为深灰色砂屑磷块岩,底部具有侵蚀面,二段第1小段; b—磷质岩,下部为浅灰黑色至灰黑色含粉屑磷质岩,上部为浅灰色粉屑磷质岩,一段第2小段; c—深灰色砂屑磷质岩,含有胶磷矿撕裂碎屑,三段第1小段; d—浅灰黑色至灰黑色含磷硅质白云岩,灯影组

Fig.3 Rock types of the Meishucun and Dengying Formations,Yangchang phosphate ore area of Zhenxiong,northeastern Yunnan Province

图 4 滇东北镇雄羊场磷矿区梅树村组岩石显微特征 a—浅灰黑色中层细砂屑磷质岩,褐色颗粒为胶磷矿,白色矿物为方解石,单偏光,深度819.89 m,一段第2小段底部; b—同(a),正交偏光; c—灰黑色中层细砂屑磷块岩,表皮鲕发育,方解石多为胶结物,杂基多为粉末状胶磷矿,单偏光,深度801.73 m,二段第1小段; d—同(c),正交偏光; e—灰黑色中层砂屑磷块岩,假鲕较多,大颗粒可为复鲕,方解石颗粒细小,单偏光,深度798.69 m,二段第1小段; f—同(e),正交偏光; g—浅灰黑色中层极细砂屑磷块岩,主要为泥级胶磷矿组成的颗粒,其次为致密胶磷矿破碎颗粒,胶结物为方解石,含量较多,单偏光,深度787.93 m,二段第2小段; h—同(g),正交偏光; i—浅灰黑色中层亮晶胶结细砂屑磷块岩,颗粒为胶磷矿,胶结物为方解石,单偏光,深度783.05 m,二段第2小段; j—同(i),正交偏光; k—浅灰黑色厚层亮晶胶结中砂屑—细砂屑磷质岩,颗粒主要为胶磷矿,另含少量陆源碎屑石英颗粒和自生石英颗粒,胶结物为方解石,单偏光,深度768.12 m,三段第1小段;l—同(k),正交偏光

Fig.4 Microscopic features of rocks of the Meishucun Formation,Yangchang phosphate ore area of Zhenxiong,northeastern Yunnan Province

图 5 滇东北镇雄羊场磷矿区ZK0816井梅树村组垂向序列 a—向上单层厚度变薄序列,803.42~800.47 m,厚2.95 m,二段第1小段; b—向上单层厚度变厚序列,790.62~788.04 m,厚2.58 m,二段第2小段; c—向上单层厚度双向递变序列,807.75~804.83 m,厚2.92 m,一段第3小段; d—向上单层厚度无明显变化规律的波动序列,816.29~814.00 m,厚2.29 m,一段第2小段; e—厚层至块状叠置层,783.04~775.69 m,厚7.35 m,二段第2小段顶部

Fig.5 Sedimentary sequences of the Meishucun Formation in Well ZK0816,Yangchang phosphate ore area of Zhenxiong,northeastern Yunnan Province

图 6 滇东北镇雄羊场磷矿区ZK0816井梅树村组一段沉积构造 a—灰黑色磷质岩与深灰色细粉屑磷质岩,下部为规则条纹条带,组成宽—窄—宽序列,中部略成小透镜体形态,顶部为波状及双向交错层理,深度820.12~820.23 m,第2小段底部; b—浅灰色砂屑磷质岩,下部为3组正粒序,中部为微波状条纹条带,组成宽—窄—宽序列,上部为模糊的交错层理,深度813.35~813.54 m,第2小段上部; c—浅灰色砂屑磷质岩与深灰色细粉屑磷质岩,上部变为浅灰黑色磷质岩,自下而上发育脉状、波状、透镜状复合层理,深度817.87~818.36 m,第2小段下部; d—浅灰黑色磷质岩,发育规则条纹条带,下部由3.5个细—粗—细序列构成,中部为水平纹层,上部由3个细—粗—细序列组成,深度807.87~808.01 m,第3小段

Fig.6 Sedimentary structures in the first member of Meishucun Formation in Well ZK0816,Yangchang phosphate ore area of Zhenxiong,northeastern Yunnan Province

图 7 滇东北镇雄羊场磷矿区ZK0816井梅树村组二段沉积构造 a—灰黑色磷块岩,发育砂屑质波状复合层理,顶部为波状层理,上、下界面均不平整,深度801.74~801.85 m,第1小段下部; b—深灰色粉屑磷质岩与浅灰色砂屑—砾屑磷质岩,发育不规则条纹条带,条带内部具有细—粗—细的粒序变化,深度798.39~798.60 m,第1小段中部; c—灰黑色磷块岩,发育浅灰色条纹条带(粉屑),深度792.00~792.11 m,第1小段顶部; d—深灰色含细砾屑砂屑磷质岩与浅灰黑色磷块岩,发育连续至断续波状细粉屑条带,下部由颗粒组成细—粗—细粒序,砂屑磷质岩顶部具有充填构造,深度790.99~791.55 m,第1小段顶部; e—灰黑色磷块岩与深灰色粉屑磷块岩,组成细—粗—细垂向粒序层,粉屑中发育不对称双向交错纹理,深度793.14~793.27 m,第1小段上部; f—灰黑色磷块岩与深灰色粉屑磷块岩,两者界面处发育有双向交错层理,由纹层倾向相反的3个层系构成,粉屑中含有黄铁矿,深度786.61~786.67 m,第2小段; g—浅灰黑色粉屑磷块岩,发育波状纹层,含有胶磷矿细砾屑与黄铁矿,深度785.33~785.37 m,第2小段; h—灰黑色磷块岩夹深灰色薄层粉屑磷质岩,磷块岩和磷质岩中分别发育稀疏和密集的曲线型纹层,形成不规则透镜体并含有黄铁矿,深度783.16~783.26 m,第2小段

Fig.7 Sedimentary structures in the second member of Meishucun Formation in Well ZK0816,Yangchang phosphate ore area of Zhenxiong,northeastern Yunnan Province

图 8 滇东北镇雄羊场磷矿区ZK0816井梅树村组三段沉积构造 a—深灰色细砾屑磷质岩,从下到上胶磷矿砾屑减少,陆源碎屑增多,砾屑略成定向排列,深度772.92~773.24 m,第1小段; b—深灰色砂屑磷质岩,下部发育纹层上凸的单向交错层理,中部发育小型丘状交错层理,上部分散有水平状的胶磷矿细砾屑,深度772.62~772.77 m,第1小段; c—深灰色砂屑磷质岩,发育撕裂状胶磷矿砾屑,上部可能为波状条纹条带,深度769.35~769.46 m,第1小段; d—浅灰色砂屑磷质岩夹有不规则胶磷矿条带。底部剥蚀面之上的砂屑充填具有正粒序,中部发育串珠状断续交错层理,深度766.21~766.33 m,第1小段

Fig.8 Sedimentary structures in the third member of Meishucun Formation in Well ZK0816,Yangchang phosphate ore area of Zhenxiong,northeastern Yunnan Province

图 9 三级海平面旋回中海侵阶段划分示意图(据Spence and Tucker,2007)

Fig.9 A schematic diagram of transgressive stage division in the 3rd-order relative sea-level cycle(after Spence and Tucker,2007)

图 10 滇东北镇雄羊场磷矿区深水牵引流与聚磷作用综合示意图

Fig.10 Systematic diagram for deep-water traction current and phosphorus accumulation,Yangchang phosphate ore area of Zhenxiong,northeastern Yunnan Province

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滇东北羊场磷矿区ZK0816井寒武系梅树村组深水牵引流沉积^*

Deep-water traction current deposits of the Cambrian Meishucun Formation in Well ZK0816,Yangchang phosphate ore area of northeastern Yunnan Province

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滇东北羊场磷矿区ZK0816井寒武系梅树村组深水牵引流沉积*

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滇东北羊场磷矿区ZK0816井寒武系梅树村组深水牵引流沉积^*