塔里木盆地中下寒武统蒸发岩沉积特征及发育模式<sup>&#x0002A;</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2023.04.051

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 塔里木盆地中下寒武统蒸发岩是寒武系盐下地层勘探成功的关键要素之一,研究其分布特征、发育模式对该地区油气勘探具有重要意义。本次研究综合区域地质背景、岩心薄片特征和钻井资料等,识别了塔里木盆地中下寒武统蒸发岩的岩石类型,刻画了蒸发岩的平面分布和沉积相展布,并建立了蒸发岩的发育模式。结果表明: (1)塔里木盆地中下寒武统蒸发岩以盐岩类和膏岩类为主,表现为下寒武统蒸发岩厚度小,仅在盆地西部局限分布,无聚盐中心,而中寒武统蒸发岩的厚度和分布范围均增大,以巴楚隆起为聚盐中心,呈厚层状在巴楚—塔中—塔北一带大面积分布。(2)下寒武统肖尔布拉克组蒸发岩为缓坡背景下的潮上“萨布哈”和“滩后浅水蒸发潟湖”成因,吾松格尔组蒸发岩为局限台地背景下的潮上“萨布哈”成因; 中寒武统沙依里克组和阿瓦塔格组蒸发岩为蒸发台地背景下周期性封闭盆地“干化蒸发”成因,分布具有由内至外盐岩—膏岩—白云岩—泥岩的“牛眼式”沉积特征。上述研究结果深化了对塔里木盆地膏盐岩—碳酸盐岩共生体系的认识,不仅为塔里木盆地寒武系优质盖层预测以及有效储盖组合的分布研究提供了新的参考信息,也为寒武系盐下勘探部署提供了重要理论支撑。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 寒武系, 蒸发岩, 沉积环境, 发育模式

Abstract: The Middle and Lower Cambrian is an important exploration field in Tarim Basin. Development of the Middle and Lower Cambrian evaporites is one of the key factors to successful Cambrian subsalt exploration and plays an important role in oil and gas accumulation. Therefore,the distribution characteristics and development model of the Middle and Lower Cambrian evaporite are of great significance for oil and gas exploration. Based on the regional geological background,core slice observation and drilling data analysis,this study identifies rock types of the Middle and Lower Cambrian evaporite in Tarim Basin,depicts its spatial distribution and establishes its formative model. The study shows: (1)The evaporites of the Middle and Lower Cambrian in Tarim Basin are mainly salt and gypsum rocks. The Lower Cambrian evaporite is thin and only distributed in the west of the basin without salt accumulation center. The thickness and distribution range of the Middle Cambrian evaporite both increased. Taking Bachu uplift as the salt accumulation center,it is distributed in a large area in Bachu-Tazhong-Tabei area in thick layers. (2)In the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulak Formation,the origin of the evaporite was“Sabkha”and“shallow-water evaporative lagoon”in a carbonate ramp. In the Wusongger Formation,the origin of the evaporite was“Sabkha”in a restricted platform. In the Middle Cambrian,the basin was periodically isolated from an open sea and the depositional environment evolved into a drying-evaporative platform. The evaporite distribution had a sedimentary characteristics of salt-gypsum-dolomite-mudstone from inside to outside. The conclusions could deepen the understanding of the dolostone-evaporite paragenesis system in Tarim Basin,providing new reference information for the prediction of Cambrian high-quality caprock and the distribution of effective reservoir cap assemblages in the Tarim Basin. Meanwhile,this study provides an important theoretical support for the Cambrian subsalt exploration.

Key words: Tarim Basin, Cambrian, evaporite, sedimentary environment, development model

中图分类号:

P588.24+7

王珊, 曹颖辉, 闫磊, 杜德道, 马德波, 张翔, 陈志勇, 周慧, 杨敏, 白莹. 塔里木盆地中下寒武统蒸发岩沉积特征及发育模式^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2023, 25(4): 889-905.

WANG Shan, CAO Yinghui, YAN Lei, DU Dedao, MA Debo, ZHANG Xiang, CHEN Zhiyong, ZHOU Hui, YANG Min, BAI Ying. Sedimentary characteristics and development model of the Middle and Lower Cambrian evaporite in Tarim Basin[J]. JOPC, 2023, 25(4): 889-905.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2023/V25/I4/889

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