基于定量古地理重建的黔中下石炭统九架炉组铝土矿矿产沉积学研究<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2026.001

古地理学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 1-24. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.001

• 纪念冯增昭先生诞辰百年专题 • 上一篇下一篇

基于定量古地理重建的黔中下石炭统九架炉组铝土矿矿产沉积学研究^*

杜远生¹(), 庞大卫²^,³, 余文超¹, 陈群⁴, 邓旭升⁵, 雷志远⁶, 吴波⁵, 戴晓燕⁴, 邓克勇⁵, 周锦涛¹, 莫洪成¹, 成龙¹

1 中国地质大学(武汉),湖北武汉 430074
2 中国地质科学院郑州矿产综合利用研究所,河南郑州 450006
3 国家非金属矿资源综合利用工程技术研究中心,河南郑州 450006
4 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局115地质大队,贵州清镇 551400
5 贵州省地质调查院,贵州贵阳 550018
6 贵州省地质矿产局,贵州贵阳 550004

收稿日期:2025-07-28 修回日期:2025-09-05 出版日期:2026-02-01 发布日期:2026-02-09
作者简介:
杜远生,男,1958年生,中国地质大学(武汉)教授,博士生导师,主要从事沉积地质学研究。E-mail: duyuansheng126@126.com。
基金资助:
*国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0800200); 贵州基础研究计划(自然科学)重点项目(ZD(2025)004)

Quantitative palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Early Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation bauxite in central Guizhou Province: a sedimentary metallogenic perspective

DU Yuansheng¹(), PANG Dawei²^,³, YU Wenchao¹, CHEN Qun⁴, DENG Xusheng⁵, LEI Zhiyuan⁶, WU Bo⁵, DAI Xiaoyan⁴, DENG Keyong⁵, ZHOU Jintao¹, MO Hongcheng¹, CHENG Long¹

1 China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China
2 Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,CAGS,Zhengzhou 450006,China
3 China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals,Zhengzhou 450006,China
4 No.115 Geological Party,Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development,Guizhou Qingzhen 551400,China
5 Guizhou Geological Survey Institute,Guiyang 550018,China
6 Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,Guiyang 550004,China

Received:2025-07-28 Revised:2025-09-05 Online:2026-02-01 Published:2026-02-09
About author:
DU Yuansheng,born in 1958,is a professor and doctoral supervisor at China University of Geosciences(Wuhan). His research focuses on sedimentary geology. E-mail: duyuansheng126@126.com.
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0800200); Key Program of the Guizhou Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(ZD(2025)004)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黔中地区下石炭统九架炉组是贵州省铝土矿的重要赋矿层。为了揭示黔中地区下石炭统九架炉组铝土矿的成矿地质环境和主导成矿作用,论文以矿产沉积学的思想为主导,以定量古地理重建为基础,对含矿岩系进行了岩石学、沉积学、沉积地球化学等综合研究,恢复了含矿岩系形成的古环境,探讨了铝土矿的形成机理。研究表明,黔中地区早石炭世处于近海喀斯特准平原的沉积背景; 含铝岩系形成于准平原喀斯特洼地非贯通型的湖泊湿地环境; 九架炉组含矿岩系底部铁质岩段为古风化壳残坡积成因的富铁层,顶部黏土岩段为受海泛或海侵影响的过渡相暗色黏土岩。中部铝质岩段自下而上为层状黏土岩、致密状铝土矿或铝土岩、包粒状铝土矿、碎屑铝土矿、多孔状铝土矿,组成规律的岩相组合。这种岩相组合反映了铝土矿的湿地沉积—旱地陆表淋滤成矿过程: 沉积成因的富铝质母岩,随着水位下降湖泊湿地旱地化,形成受地下水波动控制的陆表淋滤作用序列。在此基础上,建立了黔中地区下石炭统九架炉组铝土矿的成矿模式。

关键词: 铝土矿, 陆表淋滤成矿作用, 九架炉组, 下石炭统, 贵州省

Abstract:

The Jiujialu Formation of the Lower Carboniferous in central Guizhou Province represents a significant bauxite-bearing stratigraphic unit in the region. This study aims to clarify the metallogenic geological setting and the dominant ore-forming processes of the bauxite deposits within the Jiujialu Formation in central Guizhou Province. Based on the theoretical framework of metallogenic sedimentology and supported by quantitative palaeogeographic reconstruction,the study employs an integrated approach combining petrology,sedimentology,and sedimentary geochemistry of the ore-bearing deposit to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment and explore the mechanisms of bauxite formation. The findings indicate that during the Early Carboniferous,central Guizhou Province was characterized by a nearshore karst peneplain depositional setting. The aluminous strata developed within a closed,karst-depression-controlled lacustrine-marsh wetland environment. The basal iron-rich section of the Jiujialu Formation represents Fe-enriched interval formed from relict slope deposits of ancient weathering crusts. The overlying clay-rich interval comprises dark clay rocks formed in transitional facies influenced by marine transgression or inundation. The middle aluminous section shows a regular vertical succession of lithofacies,including layered claystone,massive bauxite or bauxitic rock,pisolitic bauxite,clastic bauxite,and porous bauxite. This lithofacies assemblage reflects a metallogenic process combining both wetland sedimentation and subaerial leaching under subaerial exposure conditions. The deposition of Al-rich source rocks was followed by desiccation of the lacustrine-wetland system and the formation of a vadose leaching sequence under the influence of fluctuating groundwater levels. Based on these results,a metallogenic model for the bauxite deposits of the Jiujialu Formation in the Lower Carboniferous of central Guizhou Province is proposed.

Key words: bauxite, subaerial leaching metallogenesis, Jiujialu Formation, Lower Carboniferous, Guizhou Province

中图分类号:

P588.244

杜远生, 庞大卫, 余文超, 陈群, 邓旭升, 雷志远, 吴波, 戴晓燕, 邓克勇, 周锦涛, 莫洪成, 成龙. 基于定量古地理重建的黔中下石炭统九架炉组铝土矿矿产沉积学研究^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2026, 28(1): 1-24.

DU Yuansheng, PANG Dawei, YU Wenchao, CHEN Qun, DENG Xusheng, LEI Zhiyuan, WU Bo, DAI Xiaoyan, DENG Keyong, ZHOU Jintao, MO Hongcheng, CHENG Long. Quantitative palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Early Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation bauxite in central Guizhou Province: a sedimentary metallogenic perspective[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2026, 28(1): 1-24.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2026/V28/I1/1

图/表 17

图 1 贵州省铝土矿分布图 Ⅰ—黔中矿集区; Ⅱ—凯里—福泉矿集区; Ⅲ—遵义—瓮安矿集区; Ⅳ—黔北务正道矿集区

Fig.1 Distribution map of bauxite deposits in Guizhou Province

图 2 黔中地区地质简图(据贵州省地质局,1987;有修改)

Fig.2 Simplified geological map of central Guizhou Province(modified from Guizhou Geological Bureau,1987)

图 3 黔中地区九架炉组(ZK47-12钻孔)含矿岩系柱状

Fig.3 Stratigraphic column of ore-bearing system of the Jiujialu Formation(drillcore ZK47-12)in central Guizhou Province

图 4 黔中地区九架炉组矿石类型照片 A—寒武系娄山关组和下石炭统九架炉组之间不整合面上的铁质黏土岩,显块状构造,贵州铝厂一车间; B—碎屑状铝土矿,修文矿区; C—碎屑状铝土矿,猫场矿区; D—包粒状铝土矿,修文矿区; E—致密状铝土矿,猫场矿区; F—多孔状铝土矿,猫场矿区

Fig.4 Ore type classification photographs from the Jiujialu Formation in central Guizhou Province

图 5 黔中铝土矿的野外剖面层序 A-D—贵州铝厂一车间; E—清镇猫场

Fig.5 Field photos of bauxite deposits in central Guizhou Province

图 6 黔中清镇猫场矿区的铝土矿矿体钻孔岩心对比(据贵州省115地质大队资料)

Fig.6 Comparison of bauxite ore bodies from drillcore in Maochang area,Qingzhen,central Guizhou Province (based on data from Geological Team 115 of Guizhou Province)

图 7 贵州早石炭世维宪期古地理(据邓旭升等,2020)

Fig.7 Palaeogeography of Guizhou Province during the Visean Stage of Early Carboniferous(after Deng et al., 2020)

图 8 黔中铝土矿类型单因素厚度等值线 A—富铁层厚度; B—致密状铝土矿(岩)厚度; C—碎屑状铝土矿厚度; D—多孔状铝土矿厚度

Fig.8 Isopach map of single-factor thickness of bauxite types in central Guizhou Province

图 9 黔中铝土矿厚度单因素等值线图和古地理、古地貌图 A—九架炉组厚度; B—古地貌重建图; C—铝土矿矿层厚度; D—古地理图

Fig.9 Isopach map of bauxite thickness,palaeogeography and palaeogeomorphic maps of central Guizhou Province

图 10 华南黔中清镇猫场地区单因素等值线 A—九架炉组厚度; B—含铝岩系厚度; C—铝土矿层厚度; D—致密状铝土矿(岩)厚度; E—碎屑状铝土矿厚度; F—多孔状铝土矿厚度; G—底部富铁层厚度等值线图; H—微地貌图。a、b表示含富铝岩系

Fig.10 Single-factor isopach map of Maochang area,Qingzhen,central Guizhou Province

表 1 ZK47-12钻孔岩心古盐度数据

Table 1 Paleosalinity data from samples of drillcore ZK47-12

样品号	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
B/10^-6	38	26	82	26	74	93	22	85	73	47
Ga/10^-6	16.1	11.8	13.7	14.5	22.6	19.9	16.9	20	20	18.9
B/Ga值	2.36	2.2	5.99	1.79	3.27	4.67	1.3	4.25	3.65	2.49
样品号	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22
B/10^-6	203	184	285	291	165	167	177	252	412	338
Ga/10^-6	28	17.1	40.7	48.5	47.7	49.1	50.3	42.9	40.6	46.8
B/Ga值	7.25	10.76	7	6	3.46	3.4	3.52	5.87	10.1	7.22
样品号	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32
B/10^-6	292	230	278	369	255	123	261	338	248	235
Ga/10^-6	44.1	48.7	43.8	44.8	47.3	34	38.8	73	24.8	66.5
B/Ga值	6.62	4.72	6.35	8.24	5.39	3.62	6.73	4.63	10	3.53
样品号	33	34	35	36	37	38	39	40	41	42
B/10^-6	255	304	373	320	297	311	305	295	317	166
Ga/10^-6	62.6	63.4	85.3	47.4	78.2	84.5	103.5	43.7	58.5	14.2
B/Ga值	4.07	4.79	4.37	6.75	3.8	3.68	2.95	6.75	5.42	11.69

图 11 黔中修文矿区ZK47-12钻孔岩心常量元素和古盐度

Fig.11 Major element and palaeosalinity of samples from drillcore ZK47-12 from Xiuwen area,central Guizhou Province

图 12 黔中地区下石炭统九架炉组古地理模型

Fig.12 Palaeogeographic model of the Lower Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation in central Guizhou Province

图 13 钻孔ZK47-12常量元素质量平衡图

Fig.13 Mass balance calculation results of major elements from drillcore ZK47-12

图 14 清镇猫场ZK6892钻孔常量元素柱状图

Fig.14 Major element contents from drillcore ZK6892 at Maochang,Qingzhen

图 15 钻孔ZK6892常量元素质量平衡计算柱状图

Fig.15 Mass balance calculation results of major elements from drillcore ZK6892

图 16 黔中铝土矿沉积模式 A—铝土矿成矿过程; B—铝土矿理想成矿模式; C—铝土矿淋滤序列模式

Fig.16 Sedimentary model of bauxite deposits in central Guizhou Province

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基于定量古地理重建的黔中下石炭统九架炉组铝土矿矿产沉积学研究^*

Quantitative palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Early Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation bauxite in central Guizhou Province: a sedimentary metallogenic perspective

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基于定量古地理重建的黔中下石炭统九架炉组铝土矿矿产沉积学研究*

Quantitative palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Early Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation bauxite in central Guizhou Province: a sedimentary metallogenic perspective

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基于定量古地理重建的黔中下石炭统九架炉组铝土矿矿产沉积学研究^*