晚石炭世冰期—间冰期旋回控制的华北盆地海平面变化与沉积矿产聚集<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2026.029

古地理学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 304-317. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.029

• 矿产资源与新能源地质 • 上一篇下一篇

晚石炭世冰期—间冰期旋回控制的华北盆地海平面变化与沉积矿产聚集^*

孟晶¹(), 刘昊青², 杨敏芳³, 王雷⁴, 胡晓玉², 王野⁵, 周凯², 邵龙义², 鲁静²()

1 河北柳江盆地地质遗迹国家级自然保护区管理中心,河北秦皇岛 066000
2 煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室,中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083
3 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
4 中石油煤层气有限责任公司,北京 100028
5 沈阳建筑大学土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳 110168

收稿日期:2024-09-29 修回日期:2025-06-01 出版日期:2026-02-01 发布日期:2026-02-09
通讯作者: 鲁静,男,1976年生,教授、博导,主要从事沉积学、煤系矿产资源评价与开发等方面教学和科学研究。E-mail: lujing@cumtb.edu.cn。
作者简介:
孟晶,女,1969年生,主要从事地质遗迹开发与保护方面的科研和管理工作。E-mail: ljmj2024@163.com。
基金资助:
*国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0800200); 国家自然科学基金项目(42172196); 国家自然科学基金项目(42472227); 国家自然科学基金项目(42402179); 河北柳江盆地地质遗迹保护项目(Z1303002403442001)

Sea level changes and sedimentary minerals accumulation in the North China Basin controlled by the Late Carboniferous glacial-interglacial cycles

MENG Jing¹(), LIU Haoqing², YANG Minfang³, WANG Lei⁴, HU Xiaoyu², WANG Ye⁵, ZHOU Kai², SHAO Longyi², LU Jing²()

1 Management Center of Liujiang Basin Geological Relics National Nature Reserve,Hebei Qinhuangdao 066000,China
2 National Key Laboratory of Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources,College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China
3 Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China
4 PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company Limited,Beijing 100028,China
5 College of Civil Engineering,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China

Received:2024-09-29 Revised:2025-06-01 Online:2026-02-01 Published:2026-02-09
Contact: LU Jing,born in 1976,is a professor and Ph.D. advisor at China University of Mining & Technology(Beijing). He is mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research on sedimentology,evaluation and development of coal-bearing mineral resources. E-mail: lujing@cumtb.edu.cn.
About author:
MENG Jing,born in 1969,is mainly engaged in scientific research and management work in the development and protection of geological relics. E-mail: ljmj2024@163.com.
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFF0800200); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42172196); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42472227); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42402179); Hebei Liujiang Basin Geological Relics Protection Project(Z1303002403442001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了揭示华北盆地晚石炭世冰室期海平面变化的驱动机制,以盆地东北缘的柳江煤田本溪组—太原组为对象,进行了海平面变化恢复及其与同时代高纬度冈瓦纳大陆冰期—间冰期(冰川)旋回联系的研究。结果表明: (1)研究区目标地层发育海岸平原河流—湖泊、滨海和浅海3种相组合,沉积环境变化记录了2个二级海侵—海退旋回(巴什基尔—中莫斯科期和晚莫斯科—早阿瑟尔期)和4个三级海侵—海退旋回(早巴什基尔期、中巴什基尔—早莫斯科期、晚莫斯科期、晚莫斯科—阿瑟尔期)。(2)冰室期的冰期和间冰期分别与研究区二级相对高海平面和低海平面时期的良好对应关系说明,高纬度冰川旋回是晚石炭世华北盆地二级海平面变化的主控因素。(3)煤—富有机质泥岩和铝土岩在冰期发育,指示冰期下降的海平面和降低的温度,有利于陆表海盆地沉积界面暴露、沼泽化,以及有机质的产生和保存。同时,冰期海平面下降还引起干湿交替的泛滥平原环境的盛行。在该环境中,陆源碎屑沉积物经过再风化和淋滤,促进了铝土质泥岩或铝土矿的形成。本次研究深化了对晚石炭世华北盆地海平面变化驱动机制、煤和铝土矿等沉积矿产聚集规律的认识。

关键词: 晚石炭世, 华北盆地, 海平面变化, 冰川旋回, 煤和铝土矿

Abstract:

In order to reveal the driving mechanism of sea level changes in the North China Basin in the low latitudes of the Late Carboniferous. Taking Benxi-Taiyuan Formations in Liujiang Coalfield of North China Basin as an example,the restoration of sea level change in low latitude area and its relationship with glacier cycle in high latitude area are studied. The results show that: (1)Three sedimentary systems of coastal plain river-lake,littoral zone and shallow sea are identified in the target strata of the study area. The changes of sedimentary environment record two secondorder transgression-regression cycles(Bashkir-Middle Moscow period and Late Moscow-Early Assel period)and four third-order transgression-regression cycles(Early Bashkir period,Middle Bashkir-Early Moscow period,Late Moscow period and Late Moscow-Assel period). (2)The highlatitude glacial and interglacial periods correspond to the second-order relative high sea level and low sea level periods in the study area,respectively,indicating that the high-latitude glacial cycle is the main controlling factor of the second-order sea level change in the late Carboniferous low-latitude North China Basin. (3)The coal-organic-rich mudstone and bauxite developed during the glacial period,indicating the falling sea level and temperature during the glacial period,which is conducive to the exposure of sedimentary interfaces,swamping,and the generation and preservation of organicmatter in the epicontinental sea basin. At the same time,the decline of sea level during the glacial period also caused the prevalence of dry-wet alternate flood plain environment. In this environment,terrigenous clastic sediments are reweathered and leached,which promotes the formation of bauxite mudstone or bauxite. This study deepens our understanding of the driving mechanism of sea level change and the accumulation of sedimentary minerals such as coal and bauxite in the late Carboniferous North China Basin.

Key words: Late Carboniferous, North China Basin, sea level change, glacier cycle, coal and bauxite

中图分类号:

P512.2
P612

孟晶, 刘昊青, 杨敏芳, 王雷, 胡晓玉, 王野, 周凯, 邵龙义, 鲁静. 晚石炭世冰期—间冰期旋回控制的华北盆地海平面变化与沉积矿产聚集^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2026, 28(1): 304-317.

MENG Jing, LIU Haoqing, YANG Minfang, WANG Lei, HU Xiaoyu, WANG Ye, ZHOU Kai, SHAO Longyi, LU Jing. Sea level changes and sedimentary minerals accumulation in the North China Basin controlled by the Late Carboniferous glacial-interglacial cycles[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2026, 28(1): 304-317.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2026/V28/I1/304

图/表 9

图 1 华北盆地东北部地区位置和地质背景 a—宾夕法尼亚纪全球古地理重建(~301 Ma;Scotese,2014);b—晚石炭世华北板块沉积环境(~300 Ma;修自尚冠雄,1997);c—植物区系组成及植物宏体化石和孢状体组合(Wang,2010)

Fig.1 Location and geological background of northeastern North China Basin

图 2 柳江煤田石门寨剖面Sr与Ba元素含量相关性

Fig.2 Correlation diagram of Sr and Ba element content in Shimenzhai section,Liujiang coal field

图 3 柳江煤田石门寨剖面古盐度、氧化还原性、有机质、沉积环境与海平面变化综合柱状图

Fig.3 Comprehensive histogram of palaeosalinity,redox,organic matter,sedimentary environment and sea level change in Shimenzhai section,Liujiang coal field

表 1 柳江煤田石门寨剖面相、相组合类型及其沉积特征

Table 1 Facies,facies combination types and sedimentary characteristics of Shimenzhai section,Liujiang coal field

相组合	相	环境解释	岩性特征	盐度 Sr/Ba	沉积构造/化石	层号
A 海岸平原河流— 湖泊	A1	河道	2~3 m厚、河道化形态的中—细粒(杂)砂岩和泥质砂岩,含少量粉砂岩夹层,通常向上粒度变细	/	底部发育冲刷面,含树干化石,发育交错层理和侧向迁移层理,未见双黏土层和海相化石	8,19,21
	A2	泛滥平原	白色—灰色铝土岩、铁铝质泥岩和泥岩	淡水,<0.2	水平层理、波状层理或块状构造,常见根化石和包粒结构	1-4,12,18顶, 22,27顶
	A3	沼泽	黑色薄层碳质泥岩、碳质页岩和煤		水平层理,丰富的植物叶片,常见根化石和丰富的菱铁质结核或条带	5,6,13,17,28
	A4	湖泊	浅灰色—灰色富有机质页岩、黏土岩和粉砂岩		水平层理,菱铁质结核,少量的碎屑状叶片化石,无根化石	7,9-11,18底, 20,26,27底, 29-31
B滨海	B1	沙坪	灰白色中厚层状—块状中—细粒砂岩	/	条带状形态,发育低角度交错层理,向上粒度变粗,底部渐变接触	14,24-25
	B2	潟湖	深灰色—黑色薄层(碳质)泥岩和页岩、粉砂岩	半咸— 咸水, ≥0.2	水平层理,大量菱铁质结核和中等的植物叶片化石,无根化石	15-16
C浅海	C1	碎屑岩浅海	灰色—土黄色薄层(钙质)页岩		水平层理,海相化石	23
	C2	碳酸盐浅海	青灰色透镜状石灰岩		块状,海相化石

图 4 柳江煤田石门寨剖面海岸平原河流—湖泊环境相、相组合特征 a—剖面全景图; b—剖面柱状图; c—镜下矿物碎屑颗粒(Q-石英;L-岩屑); d—树干化石; e—底部冲刷面;f—砂岩底古土壤; g—包粒结构铝土岩

Fig.4 Characteristics of facies and facies combination in coastal plain river-lake environment of Shimenzhai section,Liujiang coal field

图 5 柳江煤田石门寨剖面滨海环境相、相组合特征 a—剖面全景图; b—剖面柱状图; c—河道底部古土壤; d—煤线; e—菱铁质结核; f—镜下矿物碎屑颗粒

Fig.5 Characteristics of facies and facies combination in littoral zone environment of Shimenzhai section,Liujiang coal field

图 6 柳江煤田石门寨剖面浅海环境相、相组合特征 a—剖面全景图; b—剖面柱状图; c—砂岩镜下矿物碎屑颗粒; d—泥灰岩条带; e—灰岩透镜体; f—C22、C23层间接触关系

Fig.6 Characteristics of facies and facies combination in shallow sea environment of Shimenzhai section,Liujiang coal field

图 7 晚石炭世华北盆地沉积模式示意图

Fig.7 Sedimentary model diagram of the Late Carboniferous of North China Basin

图 8 华北盆地石炭纪沉积环境、海平面升降曲线与沉积矿产对比

Fig.8 Correlation of the Carboniferous sedimentary environment,sea level curves and sedimentary minerals in North China Basin

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晚石炭世冰期—间冰期旋回控制的华北盆地海平面变化与沉积矿产聚集^*

Sea level changes and sedimentary minerals accumulation in the North China Basin controlled by the Late Carboniferous glacial-interglacial cycles

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晚石炭世冰期—间冰期旋回控制的华北盆地海平面变化与沉积矿产聚集*

Sea level changes and sedimentary minerals accumulation in the North China Basin controlled by the Late Carboniferous glacial-interglacial cycles

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晚石炭世冰期—间冰期旋回控制的华北盆地海平面变化与沉积矿产聚集^*