南海北部新生代海陆变迁与不同盆地的沉积充填响应<sup>&#x0002A;</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2016.03.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新生代以来南中国海的多幕旋回运动形成了其北部陆坡性质各异、演化有别的多个陆缘沉积盆地。依据各盆地新生界发育特征、主干地震剖面及钻井资料对南海北部的相对海平面变化与沉积环境进行系统分析,采用年代地层对比的方法探讨南海北部构造演化序列与海陆变迁规律的内在联系,再现了南海北部陆缘新生代的海陆变迁过程,从而建立了南海北部陆缘裂谷盆地、走滑拉分盆地和陆内裂谷盆地的构造—沉积充填一体化模式。新生代海平面整体呈上升趋势,古近纪各盆地以陆相河流、粗粒三角洲湖相沉积为主;而新近纪主要发育滨浅海及三角洲相,呈现出明显的早陆后海的规律。靠近陆地一侧的陆内裂谷盆地北部湾盆地海侵最晚,其古近系充填厚度明显大于新近系,以发育近源扇三角洲为特色;而靠近海域一侧的走滑拉分盆地(莺歌海盆地)则以新近纪海相沉积占优势;陆缘裂谷盆地(琼东南与珠江口盆地)古近纪陆相与新近纪海相相对均衡发育,发育大型三角洲与碳酸盐岩台地。不同盆地的沉积充填特征主要受构造运动与海侵规模控制,并由此奠定了不同盆地的资源前景。

关键词: 海平面变化, 海陆变迁, 南海北部, 沉积充填模式, 新生代

Abstract: Multiple continental margin basins of different property and evolution were formed in the multi-cycle movement of the South China Sea since the Cenozoic. Based on the stratigraphic characteristics,seismic and drilling data of the basins,the analyses of relative sea level changes and sedimentary environment were conducted. And chronostratigraphic correlation method was used to discuss the changes of seas and lands in response to the structural evolution. Eventually the structure-sedimentary filling integrated patterns of continental margin rift basin,strike slip pull apart basin and continental rift basin in the northern South China Sea were established. The changes of seas and lands of the continental margin in the northern South China Sea was reconstructed to determine the scope of the sea water in the Cenozoic. The sea level shows a rising trend through the whole Cenozoic,with continental river,coarse delta and lacustrine facies in Paleogene and delta and littoral-neritic sea facies mainly in Neogene. The transgression of sea water occurred later in continental rift basin (Beibuwan Basin, closer to land),resulting in a larger coarse delta filling thickness in Paleogene than that in the Neogene. However,the strike slip pull apart basin(Yinggehai basin,closer to sea)is characterized by fine-grained marine deposits in Neogene. And the continental margin basins show a relative sedimentary balance between the Paleogene and Neogene,respectively deltas and carbonate rock platform. Sedimentary filling of different basins is mainly controlled by tectonic movements and transgressive scale,thus their resource potentials are different.

Key words: sea level changes, changes of seas and lands, northern South China Sea, sedimentary filling pattern, Cenozoic

中图分类号:

P512.2

于兴河, 李胜利, 乔亚蓉, 高阳. 南海北部新生代海陆变迁与不同盆地的沉积充填响应^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2016, 18(3): 349-366.

Yu Xinghe, Li Shengli, Qiao Yarong, Gao Yang. The Cenozoic changes of seas and lands and sedimentary filling responses of different basins in northern South China Sea[J]. JOPC, 2016, 18(3): 349-366.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2016/V18/I3/349

参考文献

[1] 蔡国富,邵磊,乔培军,梁建设. 2013. 琼东南盆地古近纪海侵及沉积环境演化. 石油学报,34(S2):91-101. [Cai G F,Shao L,Qiao P J,Liang J S,2013. Marine transgression and evolution of depositional environment in the Paleogene strata of Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea. Acta Petrolei Sinica,34(S2):91-101]
[2] 蔡乾忠. 2005. 中国海域油气地质学. 北京:海军出版社,25-31. [Cai Q Z. 2005. Oil and Gas Geology in China Seas. Beijing:China Ocean Press,25-31]
[3] 陈国威. 1989. 南海北部油气盆地的地质特征. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,9(3):63-72. [Chen G W. 1989. Geological characteristics of the hydrocarbon basin in north part of the South China Sea. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,9(3):63-72]
[4] 陈建军,马艳萍,陈建中,孙贵宾. 2015. 南海北部陆缘盆地形成的构造动力学背景. 地学前缘,22(3):38-47. [Chen J J,Ma Y P,Chen J Z,Sun G B. 2015. Tectonic dynamics of northern continental margin basins in South China Sea. Earth Science Frontiers,22(3):38-47]
[5] 陈忠,杨慧宁,颜文,吴必豪,陈木宏,杨华平. 2006. 中国海域固体矿产资源分布及其区划:砂矿资源和铁锰(微)结核—结壳. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,26(5):101-108. [Chen Z,Yang H N,Yan W,Wu B H,Chen M H,Yang H P. 2006. Distributions and divisions of mineral resources in the sea areas of China:Placer deppsit and ferromanganese nodule/crust. Marine geology and quaternary geology,26(5):101-108]
[6] 程世秀,李三忠,索艳慧,刘鑫,余珊,戴黎明,马云,赵淑娟,王霄飞,安慧婷,熊莉娟,薛友辰. 2012. 南海北部新生代盆地群构造特征及其成因. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,32(6):79-93. [Cheng S X,Li S Z,Suo Y H,Liu X,Yu S,Dai L M,Ma Y,Zhao S J,Wang X F,An H T,Xiong L J,Xue Y C. 2012. Cenozoic tectonics and dynamics of basin groups of the Northern South China Sea. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,32(6):79-93]
[7] 龚再升,李思田. 1997. 南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集. 北京:科学出版社,44-122. [Gong Z S,Li S T. 1997. Continental Margin Basin Analysis and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Northern Part of the South China Sea. Beijing:Science Press,44-122]
[8] 郝诒纯,陈平富,万晓樵,董军社. 2000. 南海北部莺歌海—琼东南盆地晚第三纪层序地层与海平面变化. 现代地质,14(3):237-245. [Hao Y C,Chen P F,Wan X J,Dong J S. 2000. Late tertiary sequence stratigraphy and sea level changes in Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan Basin. Geoscience,14(3):237-245]
[9] 何家雄,陈胜红,马文宏,龚晓峰. 2012. 南海东北部珠江口盆地成生演化与油气运聚成藏规律. 中国地质,39(1):106-118. He J X,Chen S H,Ma W H,Gong X F. 2012. The evolution,migration and accumulation regularity of oil and gas in Zhujiangkou basin,northeastern South China Sea. Geology in China,39(1):106-118]
[10] 黄汲清,任纪舜,姜春发,张之孟,张正坤. 1974. 对中国大地构造若干特点的新认识. 地质学报,1:36-52. [Huang J Q,Ren J S,Jiang C F,Zhang Z M,Zhang Z K. 1974. Some new observations on the geotectionic characteristics of China. Acta Geological Sinica,1:36-52]
[11] 金庆焕. 1989. 南海地质与油气资源. 北京:地质出版社,150-219. [Jin Q H. 1989. South China Sea Geology and Oil and Gas Resources. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,150-219]
[12] 李金有,郑丽辉. 2007. 南海沉积盆地石油地质条件研究. 特种油气藏,14(2):22-28. [Li J Y,Zheng L H. 2007. Study on petroleum geology in South China Sea Basins.Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,14(2):22-28]
[13] 李胜利,沙志彬,于兴河,丛晓荣,姜龙燕,王建忠,方竞男. 2013. 琼东南盆地新近纪构造沉降特征对BSR分布的影响. 中国地质,40(1):163-175. [Li S L,Sha Z B,Yu X H,Cong X R,Jiang L Y,Wan J Z,Fang J N. 2013. Impact of neogene tectonic subsidence characteristics on the BSR Distribution in Qiongdongnan Basin. Geology in China,40(1):163-175]
[14] 李思田,林畅松,张启明,杨士恭,吴培康. 1998. 南海北部大陆边缘盆地幕式裂陷的动力过程及10,Ma以来的构造事件. 科学通报,43(8):797-810. [Li S T,Lin C S,Zhang Q M,Yang S G,Wu P K. 1998. Dynamic processes and tectonic events since 10,Ma in the continental margin basin of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea. Chinese science bulletin,43(8):797-810]
[15] 李向阳,张昌民,张尚锋,施和生,杜家元,朱锐,罗明. 2012. 珠江口盆地新近系层序发育影响因素分析. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),39(3):262-268. [Li X Y,Zhang C M,Zhang S F,Shi H S,Du J Y,Zhu R,Luo M. 2012. Analysis of influencing factors on sequence development of Neogene strata in the Pearl River Mouth basin,China,Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science and Technology Edition),39(3):262-268]
[16] 林长松,初凤友,高金耀,谭勇华. 2007. 论南海新生代的构造运动. 海洋学报(中文版),29(4):87-96. [Lin C S,Chu F Y,Gao J Y,Tan Y H. 2007. On tectonic movement in the South China Sea during the Cenozoic. Acta Oceanologica Sinica(Chinese Edition),29(4):87-96]
[17] 刘蓓蓓,于兴河,吴景富,廖宗宝,杜永慧,高照普,蔡佳. 2015. 南海北部陆缘盆地半地堑类型及沉积充填模式. 中国矿业大学学报,44(3):498-507. [Liu B B,Yu X H,Wu J F,Liao Z B,Du Y H,Gao Z P,Cai J. 2015. Research on half-graben type and sedimentary filling Mode of northern margin of the South China Sea. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,44(3):498-507]
[18] 刘海龄,杨树康,刘昭蜀,陈森强,陈斯忠. 1991. 中、新生代华南陆缘离散地块的基本特征及演化过程. 热带海洋,10(3):37-43. [Liu H L,Yang S K,Liu Z S,Chen S Q. 1991. Basic features and evolutional process of dispersed block of Meso-Cenozoic South China continental margin. Tropic Oceanology,10(3):37-43]
[19] 米立军,张功成. 2011. 南海北部陆坡深水海域油气资源战略调查及评价. 北京:地质出版社,37-83. [Mi L J,Zhang G C. 2011. The Investigation and Evaluation of Oil and Gas Resources in Deep Waters in Northern Slope of the South China Sea. Beijing:Geology Publishing House,37-83]
[20] 秦国权. 2002. 珠江口盆地新生代晚期层序地层划分和海平面变化. 中国海上油气地质,16(1):1-11. [Qin G Q. 2002. Division of sequence stratigraphy and sea level changes in the Pearl River Mouth Basin. China Offshore Oil and Gas Geology,16(1):1-11]
[21] 邵磊,庞雄,张功成,乔培军,李前裕,韦刚健,吴梦霜. 2009. 南海北部渐新世末的构造事件. 地球科学(中国地质大学学报),34(5):717-724. [Shao L,Pang X,Zhang G C,Qiao P J,Li Q Y,Wei G J,Wu M S. 2009. Late Oligocene tectonic event in the Northern South China Sea and its implications. Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),34(5):717-724]
[22] 万天丰,朱鸿. 2002. 中国大陆及邻区中生代—新生代大地构造与环境变迁. 现代地质,16(2):107-120. [Wan T F,Zhu H. 2002. Tectonics and enviroment change of Meso￣Cenozoic in China continent and its adjacent areas. Geoscience,16(2):107-120]
[23] 吴长林. 1984. 南海运动与南海诸盆地的发育. 海洋通报,3(2):47-53. [Wu C L. 1984. Nan Hai(The South China Sea)movement and development of basins in the South China Sea. Marine Science Bulletin,3(2):47-53]
[24] 吴冬,朱筱敏,张厚和,朱茂,赵东娜,耿名扬,李维,廖宗宝. 2014. 中国南沙海域大中型盆地沉积特征与油气分布. 古地理学报,16(5):673-686. [Wu D,Zhu X M,Zhang H H,Zhu M,Zhao D N,Geng M Y,Li W,Liao Z B. 2014. Deposition characteristics and hydrocarbon distribution in medium and large basins of Nansha. South China Sea. Journal of Palaeogeoraphy (Chinese Ediion)16(5):673-686]
[25] 谢金有,祝幼华,李绪深,麦文,赵鹏肖. 2012. 南海北部大陆架莺琼盆地新生代海平面变化. 海相油气地质,14(1):49-58. [Xie J Y,Zhu Y H,Li X S,Mai W,Zhao P X. 2012. The Cenozoic sea-level changes in Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan basin,Northern South China Sea. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,14(1):49-58]
[26] 谢文彦,张一伟,孙珍,姜建群. 2008. 琼东南盆地新生代发育机制的模拟研究. 地学前缘,15(2):232-241. [Xie W Y,Zhang Y W,Sun Z,Jiang J Q. 2008. The mechanism research of the formation of the Qiongdongnan basin during the Cenozoic through modeling experiments. Earth Science Frontiers,15(2):232-241]
[27] 许红. 1997. 中国海海陆之变迁. 海洋地质动态,(7):4-7. [Xu H. 1997. Change of sea in Chinese sea. Marine Geological Dynamics,(7):4-7]
[28] 闫义,夏斌,林舸,刘宝明,阎贫,李忠诚. 2005. 南海北缘新生代盆地沉积与构造演化及地球动力学背景. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,25(2):53-61. [Yan Y,Xia B,Lin K,Liu B M,Yan P,Li Z C. 2005. The sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the basins in the north margin of the South China Sea and geodynamic setting. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,25(2):53-61]
[29] 姚伯初. 1993. 南海北部陆缘新生代构造运动初探. 南海地质研究,(5):1-12. [Yao B C. 1993. Cenozoic tectonic movement in the northern continental margin of the South China Sea. Geological Studies in the South China Sea,(5):1-12]
[30] 姚伯初. 1998a. 南海的地质构造及矿产资源. 中国地质,(4):27-29. [Yao B C. 1998a. Geological structure and mineral resources in the South China Sea. Geology of China,(4):27-29]
[31] 姚伯初. 1998b. 南海新生代的构造演化与沉积盆地. 南海地质研究,10:1-17. [Yao B C. 1998b. The tectonic evolution and sedimentary basins of South China Sea in Cenozoic. Geological Research of South China Sea,10:1-17]
[32] 姚伯初,万玲,刘振湖. 2004. 南海海域新生代沉积盆地构造演化的动力学特征及其油气资源. 地球科学,29(5):543-549. [Yao B C,Wan L,Liu Z H. 2004. Dynamics of tectonic evolution of Cenozoic sedimentary basins in the South China Sea and its oil and gas resources. Earth Science,29(5):543-549]
[33] 于兴河,梁金强,方竞男,丛晓荣,姜龙燕,王建忠. 2012. 珠江口盆地深水区晚中新世以来构造沉降与似海底反射(BSR)分布的关系. 古地理学报,14(6):787-800. [Yu X H,Liang J Q,Fang J N,Cong X R,Jiang L Y,Wang J Z. 2012. Tectonic subsidence characteristics and its relationship to BSR distribution in deep water area of Pearl River Mouth Basin since the Late Miocene. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),14(6):787-800]
[34] 张志杰,于兴河,侯国伟,陈瑞. 2004. 张性边缘海的成因演化特征及沉积充填模式:以珠江口盆地为例. 现代地质,18(3):284-289. [Zhang Z J,Yu X H,Hou G W,Chen R,2004. Genetic evolution and deposition filling model of tensional marginal sea basin:Take the Pearl Rive Mouth basin as an example. Geoscience,18(3):284-289]
[35] 赵东娜,朱筱敏,林金成,董艳蕾,杨朝强,王庆帅. 2014. 南海琼东南盆地崖13-1气田古近系陵水组海陆过渡带沉积特征及演化. 古地理学报,16(3):385-400. [Zhao D N,Zhu X M,Lin J C,Dong Y L,Yang C Q,Wang Q S. 2014. Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of transitional belt of the Paleogene Lingshui Formation in Ya13-1,Gasfield of Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),16(3):385-400]
[36] 赵淑娟,吴时国,施和生,董冬冬,陈端新,王莹. 2012. 南海北部东沙运动的构造特征及动力学机制探讨. 地球物理学进展,27(3):1008-1019. [Zhao S J,Wu S G,Shi H S,Dong D D,Cheng D X,Wang Y. 2012. Structures and dynamic mechanism related to the Dongsha movement at the northern margin of South China Sea. Progress in Geophysics,27(3):1008-1019]
[37] 赵中贤,周蒂,廖杰. 2009. 珠江口盆地第三纪古地理及沉积演化. 热带海洋学报,28(6):52-60. [Zhao Z,Zhou D,Liao J. 2009. Tertiary paleo-geography and depositional evolution in the Pearl River Mouth Basin of the northern South China Sea. Journal of Tropical Oceanography,28(6):52-60]
[38] 朱锐,张昌民,杜家元,张尚锋,李向阳. 2015. 珠江口盆地新近纪海平面升降过程及其对砂体的控制. 高校地质学报,21(4):685-693. [Zhu R,Zhang C M,Du J Y, Zhang S F, Li X Y. 2015. Controls of Neogene Sea Level Change on Sand Bodies in the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Journal of China Universities,21(4):685-693]
[39] 朱伟林,米立军. 2010. 中国海域含油气盆地图集. 北京:石油工业出版社,93-158. [Zhu W L,Mi L J. 2010. Atlas of Oil and Gas Basins,China Sea. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,93-158]
[40] 朱伟林,张功成,高乐. 2008. 南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向. 石油学报,29(1):1-9. [Zhu W L,Zhang G C,Gao L. 2008. Geological characteristics and exploration objectives of hydrocarbons in the northern continental margin basin of South China Sea. Acta Petrolei Sinica,29(1):1-9]
[41] 卓海腾,王英民,徐强,李冬,王永凤,周川. 2013. 南海北部莺歌海盆地东方区上新统侧积复合体沉积特征及成因. 古地理学报,15(6):787-794. [Zhuo H T,Wang Y M,Xu Q,Li D,Wang Y F,Zhou C. 2013. Sedimentary characteristics and genesis of lateral accretion packages in the Pliocene of Dongfang area of Yinggehai Basin in northern South China Sea. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),15(6):787-794]
[42] Hall R. 1996. Reconstructing Cenozoic SE Asia. Geological Society of London Special Publication,1(106):148-153.
[43] Hall R. 2002. Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SE Pacific:Computer-based reconstructions,model and animations. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,20:353-413.
[44] Hurchison C. 2004. Marginal basin evolution:The southern South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21(9):1129-1148.
[45] Holloway N H. 1982. The North Palawan Block,Philippines:Its relation to the Asian Mainland and its role in the evolution of the South China Sea. AAPG Bulletin,(66):1355-1383.
[46] Vail P R,Mitchum R M,Todd R B. 1977. Seismic stratig-raphy and global changes of sea level. AAPG,Memoir,26:49-212.
[47] Zhu M Z. 2007. Offshore Red River Fault and Slope Sediments in Northern South China Sea:Implications for Paleoceanography and Uplift of the Tibet Plateau. Doctoral Disertation of Stanford University.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容