Sedimentary characteristics and models of gravity flow at development scale: a case study of the Chang 71 submember in Heshuinan area,Ordos Basin

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2026.037

Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 211-225. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.037

• LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY • Previous Articles Next Articles

Sedimentary characteristics and models of gravity flow at development scale: a case study of the Chang 7₁ submember in Heshuinan area,Ordos Basin

LIU Meng¹(), WANG Xixin¹(), ZHANG Changmin¹, LI Shaohua¹, HE Youan², LI Dapeng¹

1 School of Geosciences,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China
2 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710018,China

Received:2025-04-10 Revised:2025-06-09 Online:2026-02-01 Published:2026-02-09
Contact: WANG Xixin,born in 1986,is an associate professor. He is mainly engaged in research on intelligent reservoir characterization and modeling. E-mail: wangxixin86@hotmail.com.
About author:
LIU Meng,born in 1998,is a master degree candidate. She is mainly engaged in research related to sedimentology,reservoir geology and related fields. E-mail: liumeng2356@163.com.
Supported by:
China Petroleum Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project(2021DQ02-0106)

开发尺度重力流沉积特征与模式:以鄂尔多斯盆地合水南地区长7₁亚段为例^*

刘梦¹(), 王喜鑫¹(), 张昌民¹, 李少华¹, 何右安², 李大鹏¹

1 长江大学地球科学学院,湖北武汉 430100
2 中国石油长庆油田公司勘探开发研究院,陕西西安 710018

通讯作者: 王喜鑫,男,1986年生,博士,副教授,主要从事储集层智能表征与建模研究。E-mail: wangxixin86@hotmail.com。
作者简介:
刘梦,女,1998年生,硕士研究生,主要从事沉积学、储集层地质学等研究。E-mail: liumeng2356@163.com。
基金资助:
*中国石油科技创新基金项目(2021DQ02-0106)

Abstract

Abstract:

Lacustrine deep-water gravity flow sedimentary sand bodies are the crucial targets for oil and gas development. Investigating the depositional characteristics of gravity flow sand bodies at the development scale can complement gravity flow depositional models and provide a basis for efficient exploitation of gravity flow reservoir. Based on cores,well logging and other data,this study examines the depositional characteristics,microfacies classification,and distribution of the Chang 7₁ gravity flow in Heshuinan area of the Ordos Basin at the development scale. We compare the reservoir characteristics between the different microfacies and summarizes the gravity flow depositional model. The results show the presence of six lithofacies types and six lithofacies combinations of the Chang 7₁,including Massive-bedded fine sandstone(Sm),Massive-bedded fine sandstone with mud pebbles and mudstone rip-up clasts(Smm),Normally graded-bedding fine sandstone(Sn),Parallel-bedded muddy siltstone(MSp),Lenticular-bedded silty mudstone(MSl),Massive-like mudstone(Mm). This study subdivides the unconfined channel area into four sedimentary microfacies: main channel,channel margin,overflow bank,mud faice of semi-deep to deep lake mud. The main channel is predominantly formed by sandy debris flow deposits,exhibiting good reservoir properties,mainly consisting of Sm-Mm(MSl)-Sm and Sm-Smm lithofacies combinations. The channel margin is mostly formed by the hybrid flow deposits,exhibiting moderate reservoir properties,primarily developing MSp-Sm and Sn-Sm(Smm)lithofacies combinations. The overflow bank is mainly formed by the turbidity current deposits,with the poorest reservoir properties,dominated by Sn-MSp and Sn-Mm(MSl)lithofacies combinations. The Chang 7₁ gravity flow in the Heshuinan area underwent three evolutionary stages: sandy debris flow,hybrid flow,turbidity current. The gentle topography and complex fluid evolution result in significant lateral facies variations perpendicular to the sediment source direction. During the same period,three main sedimentary facies developed: main channel,channel margin,and overflow bank. Gravity flow depositional characteristics,and sedimentary patterns are investigated in small-scale in this study,providing the theoretical guidance for effective exploitation of gravity flow hydrocarbon reservoir.

Key words: gravity flow deposits, sedimentary characteristics, sedimentary model, Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin

摘要：

重力流沉积砂体是油气开发的重要目标,从开发尺度探究重力流沉积特征可完善重力流沉积模式,为重力流油气储集层高效开发提供依据。利用岩心、测井等资料,从开发尺度探究鄂尔多斯盆地合水南地区三叠系延长组7₁亚段(长7₁亚段)重力流沉积特征、沉积微相的划分和分布,对比不同沉积微相储集层特征,总结重力流沉积模式。结果表明: 长7₁亚段主要发育块状层理细砂岩(Sm)、含泥砾、泥岩撕裂屑块状层理细砂岩(Smm)、正粒序递变层理细砂岩(Sn)、平行层理泥质粉砂岩(MSp)、透镜状层理粉砂质泥岩(MSl)及块状泥岩(Mm)6种岩相类型和6种岩相组合。在非限制性水道区域划分出主水道、水道侧缘、溢岸、半深湖—深湖泥原地沉积4种沉积微相,其中,主水道多由砂质碎屑流沉积形成,物性好,主要为Sm-Mm(MSl)-Sm和Sm-Smm岩相组合; 水道侧缘多由混合流沉积形成,物性次之,多发育MSp-Sm、Sn-Sm(Smm)岩相组合; 溢岸多由浊流沉积形成,物性最差,以Sn-MSp和Sn-Mm(MSl)岩相组合为主。合水南地区长7₁亚段重力流经历了砂质碎屑流、混合流、浊流3个演化阶段,平缓的地形及复杂的流体演变使重力流沉积在垂直物源方向相变依然明显,同期发育主水道、水道侧缘、溢岸。该研究旨在揭示小尺度重力流沉积特征及沉积模式,为重力流油气储集层的有效动用提供理论指导。

关键词: 重力流沉积, 沉积特征, 沉积模式, 延长组, 鄂尔多斯盆地

CLC Number:

TE121.3

LIU Meng, WANG Xixin, ZHANG Changmin, LI Shaohua, HE Youan, LI Dapeng. Sedimentary characteristics and models of gravity flow at development scale: a case study of the Chang 7₁ submember in Heshuinan area,Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2026, 28(1): 211-225.

刘梦, 王喜鑫, 张昌民, 李少华, 何右安, 李大鹏. 开发尺度重力流沉积特征与模式:以鄂尔多斯盆地合水南地区长7₁亚段为例^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2026, 28(1): 211-225.

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Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Location of Heshuinan area(a)and comprehensive stratigraphic column(b) of the Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin (modified from Zhang et al., 2021)

Table 1 Lithofacies classification of deep-water gravity flow deposits in the Chang 7₁ submember of Yanchang Formation in Heshuinan area,Ordos Basin

岩性	岩相	代码	基本特征	成因解释
细砂岩	块状层理细砂岩	Sm	灰色或灰褐色,块状,砂质较纯且含泥量低,含油性较好	沉积物以砂质碎屑颗粒为主,泥质和水作为基质填充于砂颗粒之间,以块体流动为主
	含泥砾、泥岩撕裂屑块状层理细砂岩	Smm	灰色或灰褐色,块状,砂岩局部含次棱角泥砾或不规则泥岩撕裂屑
	正粒序递变层理细砂岩	Sn	灰白色或灰褐色,或见鲍马序列、火焰状构造、印模构造	沉积物以细粒碎屑为主,泥质含量更高,颗粒在湍流中随涡旋悬浮并扩散,运动过程中颗粒发生分选
粉砂岩	平行层理泥质粉砂岩	MSp	灰黑色,常与薄层砂泥岩叠置
泥岩	透镜状层理粉砂质泥岩	MSl	暗色或黑色,可见透镜状层理	半深湖—深湖静水条件下稳定沉积
		Mm	黑色,块状,有机质含量丰富

Fig.2 Sedimentary structure and core photos of typical wells in the Member 7 of Yanchang Formation in Heshuinan area,Ordos Basin

Fig.3 Vertical assemblage pattern of lithofacies in the Member 7 of Yanchang Formation in Heshuinan area,Ordos Basin

Fig.4 Sedimentary facies in the Chang 7₁ submember of Yanchang Formation in Well L27 in Heshuinan area,Ordos Basin

Fig.5 Sedimentary facies profiles in the Chang 7₁ submember of Yanchang Formation in Heshuinan area,Ordos Basin

Fig.6 Plane of sand thickness (a)and distribution of sedimentary facies (b) of the Chang

712

layer in Heshuinan area,Ordos Basin

Fig.6 Plane of sand thickness (a)and distribution of sedimentary facies (b) of the Chang $712$ layer in Heshuinan area,Ordos Basin

Fig.7 Plane of sand thickness (a)and distribution of sedimentary facies (b) of the Chang

711

layer in Heshuinan area,Ordos Basin

Fig.7 Plane of sand thickness (a)and distribution of sedimentary facies (b) of the Chang $711$ layer in Heshuinan area,Ordos Basin

Fig.8 Depositional model of deep-water gravity flow in non-restricted channel depositional areas of development-scale in Heshuinan area,Ordos Basin

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