Sedimentary characteristics and models of the Early Cretaceous lacustrine carbonate rocks in Great Campos Basin,Brazil

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.095

Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition） ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 1420-1433. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.095

• LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOG RAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY • Previous Articles Next Articles

Sedimentary characteristics and models of the Early Cretaceous lacustrine carbonate rocks in Great Campos Basin,Brazil

ZHANG Zhongmin¹(), ZHANG Xinyu²^,³(), BAN Shuyue²^,³(), LI Zongfeng²^,³, XUE Jun²^,³, SU Yuchi²^,³, SONG Jian²^,³, MAO Shuwei²^,³, BAO Zhidong²^,³

1 Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Sinopec, Beijing 102206, China
2 College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
3 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

Received:2025-05-07 Revised:2025-09-12 Online:2025-12-01 Published:2025-11-25
Contact: ZHANG Xinyu,born in 1997,is a Ph.D. candidate. He is mainly engaged in sedimentology and palaeogeography. E-mail: zhangxy.cup@163.com.BAN Shuyue,born in 1997,is a Ph.D. candidate. She is mainly engaged in oil & gas and geothermal accumulation and evaluation. E-mail: lillianknow@gmail.com.
About author:
ZHANG Zhongmin,born in 1971,is a professorate senior engineer. He is mainly engaged in petroleum geology and exploration research. E-mail: zzm.syky@sinopec.com.
Supported by:
Co-funded by the Special Project of Sinopec Corporation(P25150); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0603104); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC0604304)

巴西大坎波斯盆地早白垩世湖相碳酸盐沉积特征与模式^*

张忠民¹(), 张辛雨²^,³(), 班舒悦²^,³(), 李宗峰²^,³, 薛军²^,³, 宿宇驰²^,³, 宋健²^,³, 茆书巍²^,³, 鲍志东²^,³

1 中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 102206
2 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249
3 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 中国石油大学(北京), 北京 102249

通讯作者: 张辛雨,男,1997年生,博士研究生,主要从事沉积学及古地理学研究。E-mail: zhangxy.cup@163.com。班舒悦,女,1997年生,博士研究生,主要从事油气与地热资源成藏与分布研究。E-mail: lillianknow@gmail.com。
作者简介:
张忠民,男,1971年生,博士,2000年毕业于中国石油大学(北京),教授级高级工程师,现从事油气地质勘探研究工作。E-mail: zzm.syky@sinopec.com。
基金资助:
*中国石油化工股份有限公司科技攻关课题(P25150); 国家重点研发计划专项(2017YFC0603104); 国家重点研发计划专项(2018YFC0604304)

Abstract

Abstract:

The Lower Cretaceous pre-salt section of the Great Campos Basin in eastern Brazil is rich in oil and gas resources,however,the understanding of the sedimentary characteristics and evolution of the strata remains limited. Based on core,thin section,logging and seismic data,combined with previous studies,this paper takes the Lower Cretaceous Barremian-Aptian pre-salt strata of the Great Campos Basin as the research object. Four sequence boundaries were identified in the target horizon,and three third-order sequences were divided. Within the sequence stratigraphic framework,the sedimentary characteristics and evolutionary processes of each systems tract were analyzed. The results show that the target strata contain lacustrine,lakeshore,shallow-lake,semi-deep lake-deep,lake sedimentary subfacies,gray mud flat,low energy zone behind the beach,shoal,reef,high energy zone in front of the beach,low energy zone in front of the beach,inter-platform depression,semi-deep lake-deep lake mud. The SQ1 sequence mainly developed during the rifting stage of the lake basin. The lake basin was relatively deep and mostly developed isolated lacustrine carbonate platforms. The SQ2 sequence developed during the transitional stage from rifting to depression,during which the isolated platform gradually coalesced. The SQ3 sequence developed in the depression stage,when the water body of the lake basin became shallower and the carbonate platforms expanded from isolated to lately connected systems. The sedimentary evolution of the Pre-salt section in the Great Campos Basin indicates that during the Barremian-Aptian period of the Early Cretaceous,the water body of the Great Campos Basin gradually became shallower,and the early isolated carbonate platforms evolved into extensive connected platforms. The reef microfacies along the platform margins began to develop on a large scale from the depression stage onward.

Key words: lacustrine carbonate, sedimentary characteristics, sedimentary model, Cretaceous, Great Campos Basin, Brazil

摘要：

巴西东部大坎波斯盆地下白垩统盐下段油气资源丰富,但目前对该层系的沉积特征与演化方面的认识尚待深化。以大坎波斯盆地下白垩统巴雷姆阶—阿普特阶盐下段地层为研究对象,基于岩心、薄片、测井及地震等资料,结合前人研究,在目的层位中识别出4个层序界面,划分出3个三级层序; 在层序地层格架内,对各体系域的沉积特征和演化过程分析表明,目的层系发育滨湖、浅湖、半深湖—深湖等沉积亚相,灰泥坪、滩后低能带、浅滩、生物礁、滩前高能带、滩前低能带、台间洼地、半深湖—深湖泥8类主要沉积微相。SQ1层序主要发育在湖盆裂陷期,湖盆水深较深,多发育湖相孤立碳酸盐岩台地; SQ2层序发育在断拗过渡期,孤立台地逐渐连接成片; SQ3层序发育在拗陷期,湖盆水体变浅,由孤立逐渐连片的碳酸盐岩台地进一步拓展。大坎波斯盆地盐下段的沉积演化表明,早白垩世巴雷姆期—阿普特期,大坎波斯盆地水体逐渐变浅,早期的孤立碳酸盐岩台地逐渐连片发育,台地边缘的生物礁微相自拗陷期开始大规模发育。

关键词: 湖相碳酸盐岩, 沉积特征, 沉积模式, 白垩系, 大坎波斯盆地, 巴西

CLC Number:

P512.2

ZHANG Zhongmin, ZHANG Xinyu, BAN Shuyue, LI Zongfeng, XUE Jun, SU Yuchi, SONG Jian, MAO Shuwei, BAO Zhidong. Sedimentary characteristics and models of the Early Cretaceous lacustrine carbonate rocks in Great Campos Basin,Brazil[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(6): 1420-1433.

张忠民, 张辛雨, 班舒悦, 李宗峰, 薛军, 宿宇驰, 宋健, 茆书巍, 鲍志东. 巴西大坎波斯盆地早白垩世湖相碳酸盐沉积特征与模式^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(6): 1420-1433.

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Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Location and tectonic zoning map in Great Campos Basin

Fig.2 Stratigraphic column of the Cretaceous in Great Campos Basin(modified from Moreira et al., 2007)

Fig.3 Sequence stratigraphic division scheme of Well C in X Oilfield,Great Campos Basin

Fig.4 E-W seismic profile of X Oilfield, Great Campos Basin

Table 1 Types and characteristics of sedimentary microfacies in the Pre-salt section of the Great Campos Basin,Brazil

沉积亚相		沉积微相	岩石组合	颜色	沉积构造	测井及地震特征
滨湖		灰泥坪	砂岩、泥岩、泥晶灰岩	浅灰、褐	交错层理、纹层理、窗格孔构造	CGR测井值较低
浅湖	碳酸盐岩台地	滩后低能带	粒泥灰岩、微齿状—平滑状层纹石灰岩、泥晶灰岩	深灰	平行层理	连续反射
		浅滩	内碎屑颗粒(砾屑/砂屑)石灰岩、鲕粒石灰岩、生物碎屑颗粒(介壳)灰岩、球状微生物石灰岩	浅灰	块状构造	测井曲线呈箱型,杂乱反射
		生物礁	树枝状—灌木状—乔木状叠层石石灰岩	灰	叠层构造	丘状反射
		滩前高能带	泥粒灰岩、微齿状层纹石灰岩	灰	波状层理	连续—杂乱反射
		滩前低能带	粒泥灰岩、平滑状层纹石灰岩、泥晶灰岩	深灰	平行层理	测井曲线漏斗型,连续反射
		浅湖台间洼地	泥岩、泥晶灰岩	深灰—灰黑	平行层理	连续反射
	半深湖—深湖	半深湖—深湖灰泥	泥岩、泥晶灰岩	灰黑—黑	水平层理	连续反射

Fig.5 Main sedimentary microfacies characteristics of the pre-salt section in Great Campos Basin

Fig.6 Typical petrological characteristics of different sedimentary microfacies of the pre-salt section in Great Campos Basin

Fig.7 Well correlation along a nearly E-W sedimentary section in X Oilfield,Great Campos Basin

Fig.8 Well correlation along a nearly S-N sedimentary section in X Oilfield,Brazil

Fig.9 Lithofacies palaeogeographic map of the Early Cretaceous Barremian-Aptian in Great Campos Basin

Fig.10 Depositional model of the Early Cretaceous Barremian-Aptian in Great Campos Basin

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