Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of shallow-water meandering river delta in Fuyu oil layer,southern Fuxin uplift zone,Songliao Basin

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.076

Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition） ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 1207-1226. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.076

• LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY • Previous Articles Next Articles

Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of shallow-water meandering river delta in Fuyu oil layer,southern Fuxin uplift zone,Songliao Basin

CUI Yingkun¹^,²(), BAO Zhidong¹^,²(), LI Zhongcheng³, ZHAO Jiahong³, JIANG Fujie¹^,², WANG Tianxu³, HAN Haotian³, JIANG Zhenchang³, WANG Tengyu¹^,²

1 College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
3 Exploration and Development Research Institute, Jilin Oilfield Company,PetroChina, Jilin Songyuan 138000, China

Received:2025-01-05 Revised:2025-03-25 Online:2025-10-01 Published:2025-09-30
Contact: BAO Zhidong,born in 1964,is a professor and supervisor of the Ph.D. candidate. He is mainly engaged in reservoir geology and reservoir description,sedimentology and lithofacies palaeogeography. E-mail: baozd@cup.edu.cn.
About author:
CUI Yingkun,born in 1998,is a Ph.D. candidate at the China University of Petroleum(Beijing).She is mainly engaged in the unconventional oil and gas geological engineering. E-mail: 1819863687@qq.com.
Supported by:
PetroChina Jilin Oilfield Branch(Exploration and Development Research Institute)Project(JLYT-YJY-2022-FW-074)

松辽盆地扶新隆起带南部扶余油层浅水曲流河三角洲沉积与演化特征^*

崔映坤¹^,²(), 鲍志东¹^,²(), 李忠诚³, 赵家宏³, 姜福杰¹^,², 王天煦³, 韩昊天³, 姜振昌³, 王腾宇¹^,²

1 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249
2 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 中国石油大学(北京), 北京 102249
3 中国石油吉林油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 吉林松原 138000

通讯作者: 鲍志东,男,1964年生,教授,博士生导师,主要从事储层地质与油藏描述、沉积学与岩相古地理研究。E-mail: baozd@cup.edu.cn。
作者简介:
崔映坤,女,1998年生,博士研究生,现主要从事非常规油气地质工程研究。E-mail: 1819863687@qq.com。
基金资助:
*中国石油天然气股份有限公司吉林油田分公司(勘探开发研究院)项目(JLYT-YJY-2022-FW-074)

Abstract

Abstract:

The southern Fuxin Uplift Belt in the Songliao Basin hosts a shallow-water meandering river delta sedimentary system within the Fuyu oil layer,holding significant hydrocarbon exploration potential. This study establishes a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework for the Fuyu oil layer through integrated application of INPEFA technique and chromaticity indices,integrated with core descriptions,well logs,and petrological analyses. Sedimentary facies types were identified through petrological characteristics,sandbody genetic sequences,and well-log facies,enabling systematic analysis of spatiotemporal evolution patterns of deltaic sandbodies within the sequence framework. Results indicate that the Fuyu oil layer formed during a transgressive background with high-frequency base-level fluctuations,comprising four fourth-order sequences (medium-term cycles MSC1-MSC4) and 13 fifth-order sequences (short-term cycles SSC1-SSC13). SSC1-SSC6 exhibited regressive tendencies with high-frequency base-level oscillations,during which delta plain distributary channels evolved from high-sinuosity narrow ribbons to stable anastomosing networks,forming multi-phase vertically stacked channel complexes. SSC7-SSC12 transitioned to transgressive dominance,with delta plains gradually transforming into delta outer front environments where subaqueous distributary channels exhibited lateral accretion and isolated thin ribbons,accompanied by well-developed mouth bars. SSC13 returned to regression,characterized by continuously distributed subaqueous distributary channels and sheet sands. The study reveals that high-frequency base-level fluctuations controlled vertical evolution and planar distribution of shallow-water delta sandbodies. Multi-phase stacking of channel sandbodies driven by base-level oscillations,together with the high continuity and spatial connectivity of distributary channels,jointly governed the formation of thick,sand-rich reservoirs. This research provides novel geological insights for predicting hydrocarbon reservoirs in shallow-water meandering river deltas,offering practical guidance for exploration and development of the Fuyu oil layer in the Songliao Basin.

Key words: shallow meandering river delta, sedimentary characteristics, sedimentary evolution, sequence stratigraphy, Fuyu oil layer, Songliao Basin

摘要： 松辽盆地扶新隆起带南部扶余油层发育浅水曲流河三角洲沉积体系,具有重要的油气勘探价值。基于岩心、测录井和岩石矿物资料,优选INPEFA技术和色度指数建立扶余油层高精度层序地层格架,通过岩石学特征、砂体成因序列及测井相等,明确其沉积相类型,分析层序格架下三角洲砂体时空演化特征。结果表明: 扶余油层整体形成于水进背景,期间伴随基准面的高频升降,共划分为4个四级层序(中期旋回; MSC1-MSC4)、13个五级层序(短期旋回; SSC1-SSC13)。SSC1-SSC6以水退为主,伴随短期基准面高频振荡,三角洲平原分流河道由高弯曲窄条带状演变为稳定网状,形成多期间歇叠置的河道砂体结构; SSC7-SSC12以水进为主,三角洲平原逐渐过渡为外前缘,水下分流河道砂体呈现侧向加积—孤立薄层条带,河口坝发育; SSC13以水退为主,发育连续分布的水下分流河道和席状砂体。研究认为,高频基准面升降控制了研究区内浅水三角洲砂体的垂向演化与平面分布,基准面高频振荡驱动的多期砂体叠置序列、分流河道砂体的高连续性和空间连通性,共同控制了优质厚层储集层的形成。本研究为浅水曲流河三角洲油气储集层预测提供了新的地质依据,对松辽盆地扶余油层勘探开发具有一定指导意义。

关键词: 浅水曲流河三角洲, 沉积特征, 沉积演化, 层序地层, 扶余油层, 松辽盆地

CLC Number:

P512.2

CUI Yingkun, BAO Zhidong, LI Zhongcheng, ZHAO Jiahong, JIANG Fujie, WANG Tianxu, HAN Haotian, JIANG Zhenchang, WANG Tengyu. Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of shallow-water meandering river delta in Fuyu oil layer,southern Fuxin uplift zone,Songliao Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(5): 1207-1226.

崔映坤, 鲍志东, 李忠诚, 赵家宏, 姜福杰, 王天煦, 韩昊天, 姜振昌, 王腾宇. 松辽盆地扶新隆起带南部扶余油层浅水曲流河三角洲沉积与演化特征^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(5): 1207-1226.

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Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Tectonic zoning map of Fuxin uplift belt in Songliao Basin(a)(modified from Ren et al., 2017) and well location map of the study area(b)

Fig.2 Comprehensive histogram of stratigraphy in central sag area of Songliao Basin(a)(modified from Deng et al., 2022) and plane distribution map of sedimentary facies zones of the Fuyu oil layer in southern part of Songliao Basin(b) (modified from Zhang, 2011)

Fig.3 Sequence stratigraphic column of the Fuyu oil layer of Well FX-1 in southern Fuxin uplift zone,Songliao Basin

Table 1 REDOX chromaticity coefficient of the Fuyu oil layer in southern Fuxin uplift zone of Songliao Basin

氧化还原指数	强还原		还原—弱还原			弱氧化—氧化			强氧化
颜色	黑色	灰黑色	灰色	浅灰色	灰褐色	灰绿色	褐灰色	浅黄色	褐色	紫红色
系数	-1	-0.8	-0.6	-0.4	-0.2	0.2	0.4	0.6	0.8	1

Fig.4 Chroma index distribution of the Fuyu oil layer in southern Fuxin uplift zone of Songliao Basin

Fig.5 High-frequency base-level cycle framework of connected wells in the Fuyu oil layer,southern Fuxin uplift zone of Songliao Basin(Section 1,see Fig.1 for the position)

Fig.6 Pie chart of grain size composition (a) and triangular diagram of sandstone detrital components(b) of the Fuyu oil layer rocks in southern Fuxin uplift zone of Songliao Basin

Fig.7 Typical core photos of the Fuyu oil layer in southern Fuxin uplift zone of Songliao Basin

Fig.8 Typical sedimentary sequences of shallow water meandering river delta plain(a)and its front(b)in the Furong oil layer in southern Fuxin uplift zone of Songliao Basin

Fig.9 Subfacies and microfacies division of shallow water delta sediments(modified from Zhu et al., 2023)

Fig.10 Lateral distribution of sedimentary facies of the Fuyu oil layer in southern Fuxin uplift zone of Songliao Basin(Section positions are shown in Fig.1,a-section 2,b-section 3)

Fig.11 Sedimentary microfacies distribution of the Fuyu oil layer in southern Fuxin uplift zone of Songliao Basin

Fig.12 Shallow-water meandering river delta sedimentary model of the Fuyu oil layer in southern Fuxin uplift zone of Songliao Basin

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