深层-超深层碎屑岩地应力测井评价及其控储效应<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.036

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 785-796. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.036

深层-超深层碎屑岩地应力测井评价及其控储效应^*

吴永平¹^,²(), 肖露³, 朱波¹^,⁴, 杨薰³, 白晓佳¹^,⁵, 闫炳旭¹^,², 张荣虎⁶, 李栋³, 李红斌³, 赖锦³()

1 中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院,新疆库尔勒 841000
2 中国石油超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发技术研发中心,新疆库尔勒 841000
3 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249
4 新疆维吾尔自治区超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发工程研究中心,新疆库尔勒 841000
5 新疆超深油气重点实验室,新疆库尔勒 841000
6 中国石油天然气股份有限公司杭州地质研究院,浙江杭州 310023

收稿日期:2024-07-10 修回日期:2024-09-26 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-05-29
通讯作者: 赖锦,男,1988年生,副教授,博士生导师,从事沉积储层与测井地质学教学与研究工作。E-mail: laijin@cup.edu.cn。
作者简介:
吴永平,男,1979年生,高级工程师,主要从事油气田开发研究。E-mail: wuyp-tlm@petroChina.com.cn。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目(41872133); 中国石油—中国石油大学(北京)战略合作协议(ZLZX2020-01-06-01)

Logging evaluation of in situ stress and its effects on reservoir quality in deep and ultra-deep clastic rock

WU Yongping¹^,²(), XIAO Lu³, ZHU Bo¹^,⁴, YANG Xun³, BAI Xiaojia¹^,⁵, YAN Bingxu¹^,², ZHANG Ronghu⁶, LI Dong³, LI Hongbin³, LAI Jin³()

1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Tarim Oilfield Company,CNPC,Xinjiang Korla 841000,China
2 R & D Center for Ultra-deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development,CNPC,Xinjiang Korla 841000,China
3 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
4 Engineering Research Center for Ultra-deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Korla 841000,China
5 Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultra-deep Oil and Gas,Xinjiang Korla 841000,China
6 PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology,Hangzhou 310023,China

Received:2024-07-10 Revised:2024-09-26 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-05-29
Contact: LAI Jin,born in 1988,is an associate professor and doctoral supervisor. He is mainly engaged in sedimentology,reservoir geology and well logging geology. E-mail: laijin@cup.edu.cn.
About author:
WU Yongping,born in 1979,is a senior engineer. He is mainly engaged in oil-gas field development research. E-mail: wuyp-tlm@petroChina.com.cn.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41872133); Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(2462021YXZZ003); strategic cooperation project of PetroChina and China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(ZLZX2020-01-06-01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地应力对深层-超深层致密砂岩储集层品质控制明显,厘清应力控储效应对深层-超深层致密砂岩储集层综合评价与预测至关重要。通过岩心、薄片等分析化验资料揭示了库车坳陷中秋地区白垩系巴什基奇克组储集层基本特征,实现了地应力大小测井评价,并阐明地应力对储集层品质控制。结果表明,储集层岩性主要为中细砂岩,以原生粒间孔隙为主,次生孔隙较少,偶尔可见裂缝。通过成像测井实现了裂缝面形态拾取,同时实现了裂缝参数测井计算,在此基础上通过测井资料完成了地应力大小评价,并揭示了地应力对基质孔隙及裂缝参数耦合控制关系。综合物性参数以及地应力大小实现了巴什基奇克组储集层分类评价,优质储集层主要发育在裂缝发育段以及低水平两向应力差区域。通过地应力测井评价结合储集层参数计算,可实现储集层品质分类评价以及优质储集层测井预测。研究成果可为深层-超深层致密砂岩储集层综合评价与有利区带预测提供技术支撑。

关键词: 深层-超深层, 地应力, 储集层品质, 巴什基奇克组, 中秋区块, 库车坳陷, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

In situ stress significantly controls the quality of deep and ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs. It is important to clarify the stress-controlled storage effect for the comprehensive evaluation and prediction of deep and ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs. In this paper,basic characteristics of the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in the Zhongqiu area of Kuqa Depression are revealed through analysis of cores and thin sections,the logging evaluation of in situ stress is realized,and the control of in situ stress on reservoir quality is clarified. The results show that the reservoir is mainly made of medium-fine sandstones,which is dominated by primary intergranular pores,with less secondary pores and occasional fractures. The fracture surface morphology is picked up by image logging,and the logging calculation of fracture parameters is realized. Evaluation of in situ stress is completed through logging data,and the coupling control relationships between in situ stress,and matrix pores and fracture parameters are revealed. The reservoir classification and evaluation of the Bashijiqike Formation are realized by combining physical parameters with in situ stress. High-quality reservoirs are mainly developed in fractured zones and intervals with low in situ horizontal stress differences. Through logging evaluation of in situ stress combined with calculation of reservoir parameter,the reservoir quality classification evaluation and high-quality reservoir logging prediction can be realized. The research results may provide technical support for the comprehensive evaluation of deep and ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs and the prediction of favorable zones.

Key words: deep and ultra-deep reservoir, in-situ stress, reservoir quality, Bashijiqike Formation, Zhongqiu area, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

P631.8

吴永平, 肖露, 朱波, 杨薰, 白晓佳, 闫炳旭, 张荣虎, 李栋, 李红斌, 赖锦. 深层-超深层碎屑岩地应力测井评价及其控储效应^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(3): 785-796.

WU Yongping, XIAO Lu, ZHU Bo, YANG Xun, BAI Xiaojia, YAN Bingxu, ZHANG Ronghu, LI Dong, LI Hongbin, LAI Jin. Logging evaluation of in situ stress and its effects on reservoir quality in deep and ultra-deep clastic rock[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(3): 785-796.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I3/785

图/表 8

图1 塔里木盆地库车坳陷构造纲要图(据杜金虎等,2019;唐雁刚等,2021;信毅等,2024)

Fig.1 Structural division of Kuqa Depression of Tarim Basin(after Du et al., 2019;Tang et al., 2021;Xin et al., 2024)

图2 库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带巴什基奇克组岩性及沉积构造特征 a—灰色中砂岩,平行层理,ZQ 101井,井深6299.68~6299.89 m;b—褐色中细砂岩,上部见平行层理,下部为冲刷面,ZQ 2井,井深6342.66~6342.82 m;c—褐色细砂岩与褐色泥岩,河道废弃面,ZQ 2井,井深6347.34~6347.5 m;d—褐色中细砂岩与褐色泥岩,上部见泥砾,ZQ 2井,井深6337.36~6337.59 m;e—灰色中细砂岩,块状构造,ZQ 2井,井深6336.07~6336.29 m; f—褐色细砂岩,见低角度斜交缝,ZQ 102井,井深6206.01~6206.03 m

Fig.2 Lithology and sedimentary structures of the Bashijiqike Formation in Qiulitage structural belts in Kuqa Depression

图3 库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带巴什基奇克组储集空间特征 a—残余原生粒间孔,中粗粒长石岩屑砂岩,ZQ 101井,井深6298.19 m,单偏光; b—残余原生粒间孔,中粒岩屑长石砂岩,ZQ 101井,井深6330.70 m,单偏光; c—主要为残余原生粒间孔,其次为粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔,中粒长石岩屑砂岩,DQ 8井,井深5204.38 m,单偏光; d—主要为粒间溶孔,其次为粒内溶孔,局部发育微孔隙,中粒长石岩屑砂岩,DQ 8井,井深5055.57 m,单偏光

Fig.3 Pore spaces of the Bashijiqike Formation in Qiulitage structural belts in Kuqa Depression

图4 库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带巴什基奇克组三轴应力测井评价

Fig.4 Logging evaluation of in situ stress of the Bashijiqike Formation in Qiulitage structural belts in Kuqa Depression

图5 库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带白垩系储集层孔隙度与现今地应力关系

Fig.5 Crossplot of porosity versus in situ stress of the Cretaceous reservoirs in Qiulitage structural belts in Kuqa Depression

图6 库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带白垩系地应力与裂缝发育对应关系(油基钻井液背景成像测井裂缝识别效果较差)

Fig.6 Crossplots of fracture development versus in situ stress of the Cretaceous sandstones in Qiulitage structural belts in Kuqa Depression

表1 库车坳陷ZQ 1井区白垩系巴什基奇克组储集层评价标准

Table1 Reservoir evaluation criteria of the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in well area ZQ 1 in Kuqa Depression

储集层分类分级		Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
物性	孔隙度/%	≥12	12~9	9~6	<6
物性	渗透率/10^-3 μm²	>1	1~0.1	0.1~0.05	<0.05
岩性		中砂岩、细砂岩	粉砂岩、细砂岩、含砾砂岩	灰质粉砂岩、含砾砂岩	泥质、灰质粉砂岩、含泥粉砂岩、砂砾岩
水平两向应力差/Ma		<30	30~40	30~40	>40
孔渗分级		低孔低渗	低孔特低渗	特低孔特低渗	致密层

图7 基于应力控储效应的库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带巴什基奇克组优质储集层测井评价(ZQ 104井)

Fig.7 Logging evaluation of in situ stress and high quality reservoirs of the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Qiulitage structural belts in Kuqa Depression(Well ZQ 104)

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深层-超深层碎屑岩地应力测井评价及其控储效应^*

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