基于测井曲线重构和地震波阻抗反演的煤系关键金属矿层精细勘探技术<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.031

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 777-784. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.031

基于测井曲线重构和地震波阻抗反演的煤系关键金属矿层精细勘探技术^*

王雷¹^,²(), 祖淯文², 邸立伟², 杨敏芳³, 边晓², 凌紫玉², 邵龙义², 鲁静²()

1 中国石油煤层气有限责任公司,北京 100028
2 煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室,中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083
3 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-07-28 修回日期:2024-09-26 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-05-29
通讯作者: 鲁静,男,1976年生,教授,博导,主要从事沉积学、煤系矿产资源评价与开发等方面教学和科学研究。E-mail: lujing@cumtb.edu.cn。
作者简介:
王雷,男,1988年生,工程师,主要从事煤系矿产评价与开发方面的科研和管理工作。E-mail: wanglei1234568789@163.com。
基金资助:
*国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2902000); 国家自然科学基金项目(42172196); 国家自然科学基金项目(41772161); 柳江盆地地质遗迹保护项目(Z1303002403442001); 中国矿业大学(北京)大学生创新训练项目(202402027)

Fine exploration technology of critical metals in coal measures based on well logging curve reconstruction and seismic impedance inversion

WANG Lei¹^,²(), ZU Yuwen², DI Liwei², YANG Minfang³, BIAN Xiao², LING Ziyu², SHAO Longyi², LU Jing²()

1 PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company Limited,Beijing 100028,China
2 National key laboratory of Fine Coal Exploration and Intelligent Development,College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083, China
3 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083, China

Received:2024-07-28 Revised:2024-09-26 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-05-29
Contact: LU Jing,born in 1976,professor,is mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research in sedimentology,evaluation and development of mineral resources in coal measures. E-mail: lujing @cumtb.edu.cn.
About author:
WANG Lei,born in 1988,engineer,is mainly engaged in development and management of coal measures minerals. E-mail: wanglei1234568789@163.com.
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFC2902000); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42172196); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41772161); Liujiang Basin Geological Relics Protection Project(Z1303002403442001); China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)College Students'Innovation Training Project(202402027)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

云南东部和贵州西部(滇东—黔西)地区上二叠统龙潭组煤系底部,赋存着累计厚度达数米、以高自然伽马(GR)异常为特征的Nb-Zr-REY-Ga型关键金属矿层(简称矿层)。利用地震工作手段及传统波阻抗反演,可有效地区分砂岩和泥岩,但受限于波阻抗差异微小却无法识别矿层。为了构建对该矿层的精细地球物理勘探技术,论文基于测井和地震数据,以该矿层中镓(Ga)元素为例(临界工业品位50μg/g时自然伽马值>2.0 API),利用信息统计加权方法和矿层自然伽马数据重构了纵波速度曲线,使计算后得到的波阻抗曲线矿层信号增强了约120%,并将矿层约束在大于16 000 g/cm³·m/s的重构后波阻抗数值范围内,解决了利用波阻抗曲线识别关键金属矿层的技术难题。在利用重构波阻抗数据反演的地震剖面上,矿层边界清晰、横向可追索性好。经钻井验证,地震反演预测的矿层厚度误差介于-18.1%~16.7%之间。说明利用重构后波阻抗数据进行地震反演可以有效识别和追踪矿层,达到了对矿层精细探测的目的。该技术方法对有测井异常的煤系关键金属矿层精细勘探具有较好的应用价值和前景。

关键词: 煤系关键金属, 测井曲线重构, 波阻抗反演, 勘探技术, 二叠系, 滇东-黔西

Abstract:

At the bottom of the Upper Permian Longtan coal measures in eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou,there is a Nb-Zr-REY-Ga type cirtical metal ore layer with a cumulative thickness of several meters and characterized by natural gamma positive anomalies. By means of seismic work and traditional wave impedance inversion,sandstone and mudstone can be effectively distinguished,but limited by the small difference of wave impedance,the ore layer can not be identified. In order to construct a fine geophysical exploration technology for the ore layer,based on logging and seismic data,this paper takes gallium(Ga)element in the ore layer as an example(gamma value>2.0 API when the critical industrial grade is 50 μg/g),and uses the information statistical weighting method and the natural gamma data of the ore layer to reconstruct the longitudinal wave velocity curve,so that the calculated wave impedance curve of the ore layer signal is enhanced by about 120%,and the ore layer is constrained within the reconstructed wave impedance value range of >16 000 g/cm³·m/s,which solves the technical problem of identifying key metal ore layers by using wave impedance curve. On the seismic section inverted by the reconstructed wave impedance data,the boundary of the ore layer is clear and the lateral traceability is good. Through drilling verification,the average error of the thickness of the ore layer predicted by seismic inversion is 17.6%. It shows that the seismic inversion using the reconstructed wave impedance data can effectively identify and track the ore layer,and achieve the purpose of fine detection of the ore layer. This technical method has good application value and prospect for fine exploration of cirtical metal ore layers in coal measures with abnormal logging.

Key words: critical metals of coal measures, logging curve reconstruction, wave impedance inversion, exploration technique, Permian, eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou

中图分类号:

P631.4
TD954

王雷, 祖淯文, 邸立伟, 杨敏芳, 边晓, 凌紫玉, 邵龙义, 鲁静. 基于测井曲线重构和地震波阻抗反演的煤系关键金属矿层精细勘探技术^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(3): 777-784.

WANG Lei, ZU Yuwen, DI Liwei, YANG Minfang, BIAN Xiao, LING Ziyu, SHAO Longyi, LU Jing. Fine exploration technology of critical metals in coal measures based on well logging curve reconstruction and seismic impedance inversion[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(3): 777-784.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I3/777

图/表 6

图1 滇东—黔西上二叠统关键金属含矿岩系地质背景 a—地理位置和沉积背景; b—地震测线及钻孔分布图; c—Nb-Zr-REY-Ga型关键金属矿层分布图

Fig.1 Geological background of critical metal measures and distribution borehole and seismic lines of the Upper Permian in eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou

图2 原始与重构波阻抗数据相关性图(ZK3井)

Fig.2 Correlation between original and reconstructed wave impedance(Well ZK3)

图3 ZK3井波阻抗曲线重构结果(a)及其对岩性/矿层识别对比图(b-原始波阻抗识别结果;c-重构波阻抗识别结果)

Fig.3 Reconstruction results of Well ZK3 wave impedengce curves(a)and its comparison chart in lithology/ore layer idenfication(b and c are original and reconstructed wave impedance identification respectively)

图4 #1地震剖面重构前后波阻抗反演结果对比图 a—原始波阻抗反演结果; b—重构后波阻抗反演结果

Fig.4 Comparison of wave impedance results before and after #1 seismic profile reconstruction

图5 毕节可乐向斜西部关键金属矿层厚度地震反演预测图

Fig.5 Prediction map of ore layer thickness by seismic inversion in western of Bijie Kele syncline

表1 矿层厚度地震反演预测误差统计

Table1 prediction error of ore layer thickness by seismic inversion

钻孔号	钻孔揭露厚度/m	反演预测厚度/m	相对误差/%
ZK1	7.2	5.9	-18.1
ZK2	5.4	6.3	+16.7
ZK4	7.7	6.4	-17.9

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基于测井曲线重构和地震波阻抗反演的煤系关键金属矿层精细勘探技术*

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基于测井曲线重构和地震波阻抗反演的煤系关键金属矿层精细勘探技术^*