川南地区志留系石牛栏组古地貌格局及沉积演化特征<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.013

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 578-595. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.013

• 岩相古地理学及沉积学 • 上一篇下一篇

川南地区志留系石牛栏组古地貌格局及沉积演化特征^*

张本健¹(), 周刚¹, 钟原¹, 汪华¹, 戴鑫¹, 乔艳萍¹, 张自力¹, 兰才俊¹(), 陈龙², 余信², 罗龙²^,³, 刘建平²^,³, 谭先锋²^,³

1 中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院,四川成都 610051
2 重庆科技大学石油与天然气工程学院,重庆 401331
3 复杂油气田勘探开发重庆市重点实验室,重庆 401331

收稿日期:2024-02-09 修回日期:2024-06-27 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-05-29
通讯作者: 兰才俊,男,博士,工程师,主要从事海相碳酸盐岩含油气地质条件研究及勘探部署工作。E-mail: lcj0313@petroChina.com.cn。
作者简介:

张本健,男,1980年生,博士,高级工程师,主要从事石油与天然气勘探研究及技术管理工作。E-mail: zbjian@petroChina.com.cn。
基金资助:
*中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项(2023ZZ16); 国家自然科学基金(U2344209); 国家自然科学基金(42072140); 国家自然科学基金(42202170); 国家自然科学基金(42102133); 重庆市杰出青年科学基金(CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0031); 重庆市教委科技重大项目(KJZD-M202101502)

Palaeogeomorphic pattern and sedimentary evolution of the Silurian Shiniulan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin

ZHANG Benjian¹(), ZHOU Gang¹, ZHONG Yuan¹, WANG Hua¹, DAI Xin¹, QIAO Yanping¹, ZHANG Zili¹, LAN Caijun¹(), CHEN Long², YU Xin², LUO Long²^,³, LIU Jianping²^,³, TAN Xianfeng²^,³

1 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,Chengdu 610051,China
2 School of Petroleum Engineering,Chongqing University of Science and Technology,Chongqing 401331,China
3 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Complex Oil and Gas Exploration and Development,Chongqing 401331,China

Received:2024-02-09 Revised:2024-06-27 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-05-29
Contact: LAN Caijun,is a Ph.D. and engineer. He is mainly engaged in research on geological conditions for oil & gas in marine carbonate reservoirs and exploration. E-mail: lcj0313@petroChina.com.cn.
About author:
ZHANG Benjian,is a Ph.D. and senior engineer. He is mainly engaged in research and technical management in the field of petroleum and natural gas exploration.E-mail: zbjian@petroChina.com.cn.
Supported by:
Co-funded by Major Science and Technology Project of CNPC(2023ZZ16); National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2344209); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42072140); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42202170); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42102133); Chongqing Outstanding Youth Science Foundation(CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0031); Major Science and Technology Project of Chongqing Education Commission(KJZD-M202101502)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 四川盆地志留系龙马溪组烃源岩的厚度中心位于川南地区,其上覆石牛栏组石灰岩具备近源成藏的巨大优势,然而当前尚未取得石牛栏组规模储集层勘探突破。研究基于大量的钻测井、岩心、露头及三维地震资料,通过地层学、沉积学及地球物理学等方法手段,开展川南地区石牛栏组古地貌格局及沉积演化特征研究。结果表明: (1)川南地区石牛栏组自南向北发育南部高带、中部洼地及北部高带3个古地貌单元,明确了3个古地貌单元的平面分布范围; (2)3个古地貌单元控制了川南地区石牛栏组沉积相带的展布,南、北2个构造高部位发育礁滩体及碳酸盐岩台地等高能沉积相带,以生物碎屑灰岩、生物礁(珊瑚)灰岩、鲕粒灰岩、砂屑灰岩等岩性发育为主要特征,中部洼地主要发育泥质浅水陆棚泥岩夹薄层灰质泥岩、泥灰岩沉积,石牛栏组碳酸盐礁滩体是该区油气储集层预测的重要目标; (3)早志留世川中隆起、黔中隆起的抬升隆起塑造了石牛栏组古地貌及沉积格局,随着川中隆起、雪峰古陆的持续活动以及陆源供给增强,伴随着海平面持续下降则导致石牛栏组碳酸盐岩台地的逐渐消亡,至韩家店组则发育1套海相碎屑岩沉积。希望通过本次研究,能够为该区石牛栏组油气勘探开发提供一定的理论参考。

关键词: 沉积演化, 古地貌, 生物礁, 油气勘探, 石牛栏组, 四川盆地

Abstract:

The southern Sichuan Basin represents the depocenter of the Silurian Longmaxi Formation,a regionally significant hydrocarbon source rock. The overlying Shiniulan Formation limestone has significant advantages for near-source hydrocarbon accumulation. However,no significant breakthrough has yet been achieved in the exploration of large-scale reservoirs in this interval. The study focuses on the geological and sedimentary characteristics of the Shiniulan Formation. Using drilling,core,outcrop,and 3D seismic data,the palaeogeomorphic framework and sedimentary evolution were reconstructed. The results show that the study area can be divided into three geomorphic units: the southern high zone,the central depression,and the northern high zone. These geomorphic features strongly control the spatial distribution of sedimentary facies within the Shiniulan Formation. The high zones are characterized by carbonate platform and reef deposits,which are the main targets for oil and gas reservoir prediction. The central depression dominantly consists of mudstone and mixed shelf deposits. The uplifts of the Chuanzhong and Qianzhong during the Early Silurian period shaped the palaeogeomorphy and sedimentary pattern of the Shiniulan Formation. The continuous activity of the Chuanzhong uplift and the enhanced terrestrial input from the Xuefeng ancient land and the falling sea-level led to the demise of the carbonate platform. These findings offer a theoretical framework and predictive insights for future hydrocarbon exploration and development in the Shiniulan Formation.

Key words: sedimentary evolution, palaeogeomorphy, reef, petroleum exploration, Shiniulan Formation, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

P531
P624

张本健, 周刚, 钟原, 汪华, 戴鑫, 乔艳萍, 张自力, 兰才俊, 陈龙, 余信, 罗龙, 刘建平, 谭先锋. 川南地区志留系石牛栏组古地貌格局及沉积演化特征^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(3): 578-595.

ZHANG Benjian, ZHOU Gang, ZHONG Yuan, WANG Hua, DAI Xin, QIAO Yanping, ZHANG Zili, LAN Caijun, CHEN Long, YU Xin, LUO Long, LIU Jianping, TAN Xianfeng. Palaeogeomorphic pattern and sedimentary evolution of the Silurian Shiniulan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(3): 578-595.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I3/578

图/表 16

图1 川南地区构造位置及地层柱状图 a—四川盆地构造古地理简图; b—川南井位分布平面图,其中红框为三维区范围; c—石牛栏组地层柱状图(据白壮壮等,2023)

Fig.1 Structure location and stratigraphic column of southern Sichuan Basin

图2 川南地区石牛栏组地震地层对比剖面

Fig.2 Seismic stratigraphic correlation profile of the Shiniulan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin

图3 川南地区石牛栏组连井地层对比剖面

Fig.3 Well-connected section of the Shiniulan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin

图4 川南地区石牛栏组地层厚度分布 a—石一段; b—石二段

Fig.4 Stratum thickness distribution of the Shiniulan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin

图5 川南地区志留系龙马溪组—韩家店组连井地层对比剖面

Fig.5 Well-connected profile from the Silurian Longmaxi Formation to Hanjiadian Formation in southern Sichuan Basin

图6 川南地区石牛栏组一段地震刻画古地貌

Fig.6 Palaeogeomorphy of the Member 1 of Shiniulan Forma-tion by seismic characterization in southern Sichuan Basin

图7 川南地区石牛栏组石灰岩厚度平面分布 a—石一段; b—石二段

Fig.7 Thichness plane distribution of limestone of the Shiniulan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin

图8 川南地区石牛栏组典型野外露头及岩心照片 a—华蓥山石牛栏组珊瑚礁灰岩; b—华蓥山石牛栏组珊瑚横切面,虫管密集发育; c—宜宾兴文县石牛栏组生屑灰岩; d—降盛2井石牛栏组生屑灰岩(王海军等,2016),4001.76 m;e—宜宾兴文县石牛栏组生物礁灰岩; f—D1井石牛栏组生物礁灰岩(白壮壮等,2023), 1173 m;g—西门1井石牛栏组生物礁灰岩(王海军等,2016);h—G18井石牛栏组生屑灰岩,岩溶角砾及溶沟发育,3756.97 m

Fig.8 Typical outcrop and core photos of the Shiniulan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin

图9 R205井石牛栏组沉积相划分

Fig.9 Sedimentary facies division of the Shiniulan Formation of Well R205

图10 川南地区石牛栏组石灰岩典型镜下照片 a—R205井石牛栏组云质灰岩,岩溶充填物云化,正交光; b—古蔺县石宝镇剖面,石牛栏组亮晶粉屑—鲕粒灰岩,见粒间溶孔,单偏光; c—习水良村剖面,石牛栏组亮晶砂屑灰岩,见粒内溶孔,单偏光; d—綦江骑龙村剖面,石牛栏组生物礁灰岩,见溶孔溶洞,单偏光; e—G18井石牛栏组生屑灰岩,3757.29 m,正交偏光; f—G18井石牛栏组生屑灰岩与岩溶充填物,3756.97 m,正交偏光

Fig.10 Typical microscopic photos of limestone of the Shiniulan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin

图11 J208井石牛栏组沉积相划分本部分缺少局限台地亚相、浅水陆棚相

Fig.11 Sedimentary facies division of the Shiniulan Formation of Well J208

图12 川南地区石牛栏组一段地震属性平面分布

Fig.12 Seismic attribute plane of the Member 1 of Shiniulan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin

图13 川南地区石牛栏组连井沉积相对比剖面(SN向)

Fig.13 Cross section showing well-to-well correlation of sedimentary facies of the Shiniulan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin(North-south)

图14 川南地区石牛栏组连井沉积相对比剖面(EW向)

Fig.14 Cross section showing well-to-well correlation of sedimentary facies of the Shiniulan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin(East-west)

图15 川南地区石牛栏组沉积相平面分布 a—石一段; b—石二段

Fig.15 Sedimentary facies distribution of the Shiniulan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin

图16 川南地区石牛栏组沉积演化模式

Fig.16 Sedimentary evolution model of the Shiniulan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin

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川南地区志留系石牛栏组古地貌格局及沉积演化特征*

Palaeogeomorphic pattern and sedimentary evolution of the Silurian Shiniulan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin

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川南地区志留系石牛栏组古地貌格局及沉积演化特征^*