东非鲁伍马盆地始新统不同类型单一水道的分布特征及其底流差异改造机制<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2026.035

古地理学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 110-126. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.035

• 岩相古地理学及沉积学 • 上一篇下一篇

东非鲁伍马盆地始新统不同类型单一水道的分布特征及其底流差异改造机制^*

余季陶¹^,²(), 吴胜和¹^,²(), 文思颖³, 徐振华¹^,², 王敏⁴, 刘晗⁵, 王瑞峰⁴, 刘常妮¹^,²

1 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249
2 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,中国石油大学(北京),北京 102249
3 中石油西南油气田分公司勘探事业部,四川成都 610041
4 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
5 中国地震局地震预测研究所,北京 100036

收稿日期:2025-05-16 修回日期:2025-06-12 出版日期:2026-02-01 发布日期:2026-02-09
通讯作者: 吴胜和,男,1963年生,教授、博士生导师,主要从事沉积古地理、储层表征与建模研究。E-mail: reser@cup.edu.cn。
作者简介:
余季陶,男,2000年生,博士研究生,主要从事深水沉积学、储层表征与建模研究。E-mail: yjt_cup@foxmail.com。
基金资助:
*中国石油大学(北京)科研基金项目资助(2462025BJRC005)

Distribution characteristics of varied single channels influenced by differential bottom current reworking of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

YU Jitao¹^,²(), WU Shenghe¹^,²(), WEN Siying³, XU Zhenhua¹^,², WANG Min⁴, LIU Han⁵, WANG Ruifeng⁴, LIU Changni¹^,²

1 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
2 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
3 Exploration Division of PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company,Chengdu 610041,China
4 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China
5 Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100036,China

Received:2025-05-16 Revised:2025-06-12 Online:2026-02-01 Published:2026-02-09
Contact: WU Shenghe,born in 1963,is a professor and Ph.D. supervisor. He is mainly engaged in sedimentary palaeogeography,reservoir characterization and modeling. E-mail: reser@cup.edu.cn.
About author:
YU Jitao,born in 2000,is a Ph.D. candidate. He is mainly engaged in research on deepwater sedimentology,reservoir characterization and modeling. E-mail: yjt_cup@foxmail.com.
Supported by:
Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(2462025BJRC005)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

东非鲁伍马盆地始新统海底扇水道体系是研究深水重力流与底流相互作用的重要实例。针对不同成因单一水道类型及其底流差异改造后分布的关键科学问题,基于岩心、测井、三维地震数据及实验分析资料,系统分析研究区下始新统单一水道成因类型、分布特征及底流差异改造机制。结果表明: (1)研究区深水水道沉积体系由碎屑流、浊流、底流改造和半远洋披覆沉积4类成因岩相构成,进一步细分为17种亚类。依据重力流成因岩相占比,识别出碎屑流沉积充填水道与高密度浊流沉积充填水道2种单一水道类型。(2)碎屑流沉积充填水道以低宽深比、弯曲状为主,天然堤发育程度低; 高密度浊流沉积充填水道呈顺直或弯曲状,宽深比显著增大,天然堤厚度增大及发育程度增强。2类水道在底流改造下均表现为不对称分布及逆底流侧向迁移叠置特征,但高密度浊流沉积充填水道的不对称性及迁移程度更强。(3)成因机制上,碎屑流因抗剪强度高,底流改造以“原地淘洗”为主,内部发育透镜状具牵引构造岩相,水道—天然堤形态不对称性弱(不对称指数平均约为1.35),逆底流侧向迁移程度低(迁移指数平均为0.65);而高密度浊流因抗剪强度低,底流对其细粒悬浮物“整体再搬运”,导致顺底流一侧侧向漂积体发育,使得水道—天然堤不对称性增强(不对称指数平均约为2.5)以及水道北侧限制程度更高,进而造成水道逆底流迁移叠置程度更高(迁移指数平均为0.8)。本研究揭示了不同成因单一水道在底流作用下的差异响应机制,对深水储集层精细勘探具有指导意义。

关键词: 底流改造, 重力流, 单一水道分布特征, 始新统, 鲁伍马盆地

Abstract:

The Eocene submarine fan channel system in the Rovuma Basin,East Africa,constitutes a significant case study for investigating the interaction between deep-water gravity flows and bottom currents. To address key scientific questions concerning the genetic types of individual channels and their distribution following differential reworking by bottom currents,this study systematically examines the genetic classification,spatial distribution,and mechanisms of bottom-current modification of single-channel systems in the lower Eocene strata of the region. Integrated analysis is based on core samples,well logging data,3D seismic datasets,and experimental results. The findings reveal the following: (1)The deep-water channel depositional system comprises four genetically distinct lithofacies—debris flow,turbidity current,bottom-current reworked,and hemipelagic drape deposits—which are further classified into 17 subtypes. Based on the relative abundance of gravity flow-related lithofacies,two primary types of single-channel systems are identified: debris flow-dominated fill channels and high-density turbidity current-dominated fill channels.(2)Debris flow-dominated fill channels are characterized by low width-to-depth ratios,sinuous geometries,and poorly developed levees. In contrast,high-density turbidity current-dominated fill channels exhibit straight to moderately sinuous morphologies,significantly higher width-to-depth ratios,and more pronounced levee development and thickness. Under the influence of bottom currents,both channel types display asymmetric cross-sectional profiles and lateral migration opposite to the direction of bottom-current flow. However,the high-density turbidity current-dominated channels exhibit greater asymmetry and more intense migration behavior.(3)Mechanistically,due to the high shear strength of debris flows,bottom-current reworking occurs primarily through “in-situ winnowing,” resulting in lenticular lithofacies containing internal traction structures. These channels show weak levee-channel asymmetry(average asymmetry index ≈1.35)and limited lateral migration(average migration index ≈0.65). Conversely,high-density turbidity currents,which possess lower shear strength,undergo “bulk reworking” of fine-grained suspended sediments by bottom currents. This process promotes the development of downcurrent-side lateral accretion deposits,leading to enhanced levee-channel asymmetry(average asymmetry index ≈2.5),increased confinement along the northern channel margins,and more pronounced migration against the bottom-current direction(average migration index ≈0.8). This study elucidates the differential response mechanisms of genetically distinct channel types to bottom-current interactions,offering critical insights for high-resolution characterization and targeted exploration of deep-water reservoirs.

Key words: bottom current reworking, gravity flow, single channel distribution characteristics, Eocene, Rovuma Basin

中图分类号:

P539.2

余季陶, 吴胜和, 文思颖, 徐振华, 王敏, 刘晗, 王瑞峰, 刘常妮. 东非鲁伍马盆地始新统不同类型单一水道的分布特征及其底流差异改造机制^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2026, 28(1): 110-126.

YU Jitao, WU Shenghe, WEN Siying, XU Zhenhua, WANG Min, LIU Han, WANG Ruifeng, LIU Changni. Distribution characteristics of varied single channels influenced by differential bottom current reworking of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2026, 28(1): 110-126.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2026/V28/I1/110

图/表 15

图 1 东非鲁伍马盆地区域地质背景 a—地理位置(据张佳佳等,2023);b—新生界地层柱状图(据张光亚等,2018;有修改);c—构造及地层发育剖面图(据张光亚等,2018; 有修改)

Fig.1 Regional geological setting in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

图 2 东非鲁伍马盆地始新统峡谷水道体系内部小层划分(a)与底面构造图(b)

Fig.2 Subzone division of the target sequence canyon channel systems(a) and base structural map(b) of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

图 3 东非鲁伍马盆地始新统碎屑流成因岩相岩心照片 a—块状砾岩相,发育“泥包砾”构造,X-2井,4553.1~4553.4 m;b—块状含砾粗砂岩相,发育“泥包砾”构造,X-2井,4617.56~4617.79 m;c—块状中粗砂岩相,发育泥质团块及泥岩撕裂屑,X-2井,4688.5~4688.75 m;d—块状中细砂岩相,局部发育泥质团块,X-2井,4612.6~4612.85 m;e—块状砂质泥岩相,发育泥质团块,X-2井,4535.42~4535.67 m;f—块状砂质泥岩相,发育大量泥岩撕裂屑, X-2井,4602.75~4603 m

Fig.3 Core photos of debris flow genetic lithofacies of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

图 4 东非鲁伍马盆地始新统碎屑流成因岩相粒度概率累积曲线 a—块状中粗砂岩相,X-2井,4558 m;b—块状中细砂岩相,X-2井,4601.49 m

Fig.4 Grain size probability cumulative curves of debris flow genetic lithofacies of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

图 5 东非鲁伍马盆地始新统浊流成因岩相岩心照片及CT扫描图像 a—正递变层理含砾粗砂岩相,X-1井,4618.50~4618.75 m;b—正递变层理中粗砂岩相,X-1井,4613.67~4613.92 m;c—正递变层理中粗砂岩相,X-1井,CT扫描图像,切面位置见图 5-b;d—正递变层理中细砂岩相,X-1井,4600.46~4600.71 m;e—正递变层理中细砂岩相,局部发育泄水构造,X-2井,4562.41~4562.66 m

Fig.5 Core photos and CT scan images of turbidity current genetic lithofacies of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

图 6 东非鲁伍马盆地始新统浊流成因岩相粒度概率累积曲线 a—正递变层理中粗砂岩相,X-2井,4613.58 m;b—正递变层理中细砂岩相,X-2井,4527.29 m

Fig.6 Grain size probability cumulative curves of turbidity current genetic lithofacies of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

图 7 东非鲁伍马盆地始新统底流改造成因及半远洋成因岩相岩心照片 a—交错层理含砾粗砂岩相,蓝色箭头所示粗砂与砾石的定向排列,内部发育遗迹化石、“泥包砾”构造,X-2井,4595.7~4596.01 m;b—交错层理含砾粗砂岩相,蓝色箭头所示粗砂与砾石的定向排列,内部发育生物碎屑,X-2井,4598.77~4599.09 m;c—平行层理中粗砂岩相,局部发育泥质团块,X-2井,4596.37~4596.68 m;d—交错层理中粗砂岩相,发育泥质团块,X-2井,4585.61~4585.93 m;e—平行层理中细砂岩相,局部钙质胶结,X-2井,4587.48~4587.79 m;f—交错层理中细砂岩相,X-2井,4604.01~4604.31 m;g—交错层理中细砂岩相,发育遗迹化石、生物碎屑及生物扰动构造,X-2井,4604.98~4605.30 m;h—平行层理细砂岩相,发育生物扰动构造,X-2井,4570.30~4570.62 m;i—交错层理细砂岩相,X-2井,4602.4~4602.72 m;j—平行层理粉砂岩相,X-2井,4555.30~4555.61 m;k—水平层理泥岩相,X-2井,4539.50~4539.63 m

Fig.7 Core photos of bottom current reworked genetic and hemipelagic genetic lithofacies of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

图 8 东非鲁伍马盆地始新统底流改造成因岩相粒度概率累积曲线 a—平行层理中粗砂岩,X-1井,4618.87 m;b—交错层理中细砂岩相,X-2井,4584.30 m

Fig.8 Grain size probability cumulative curves of bottom current reworked genetic lithofacies of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

图 9 东非鲁伍马盆地始新统不同类型单一水道岩心柱状图及岩相组成

Fig.9 Core histograms and lithofacies composition of different types of single channels of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

图 10 东非鲁伍马盆地始新统单一水道及天然堤的识别特征 a—岩相特征; b—测井相与地震相特征

Fig.10 Identification characteristics of single channels and natural levees of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

图 11 东非鲁伍马盆地始新统切物源剖面单一水道分布(剖面位置见图 12) a—地震剖面; b—波阻抗反演剖面

Fig.11 Distribution of single channels in the cross-source profile of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa (profile location is shown in Fig.12)

图 12 东非鲁伍马盆地始新统单一水道平面分布特征

Fig.12 Plane distribution characteristics of single channels of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

图 13 单一水道—天然堤不对称指数(a)及单一水道间迁移指数(b)的计算示意图

Fig.13 Schematic diagram for calculating the single channel-levee asymmetry index(a)and inter-channel migration index(b)

图 14 东非鲁伍马盆地始新统单一水道—天然堤不对称指数(a)及水道间迁移指数(b)定量统计图

Fig.14 Quantitative statistical chart of single channel-levee asymmetry index(a) and inter-channel migration index (b) of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

图 15 东非鲁伍马盆地始新统单一水道分布模式

Fig.15 Distribution patterns of the Eocene single channels in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

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东非鲁伍马盆地始新统不同类型单一水道的分布特征及其底流差异改造机制^*

Distribution characteristics of varied single channels influenced by differential bottom current reworking of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

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东非鲁伍马盆地始新统不同类型单一水道的分布特征及其底流差异改造机制*

Distribution characteristics of varied single channels influenced by differential bottom current reworking of the Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa

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东非鲁伍马盆地始新统不同类型单一水道的分布特征及其底流差异改造机制^*