摘要： 深水重力流沉积物中多蕴含着丰富的油气资源,但现阶段对深水重力流沉积砂体分布及优质储集层分布规律认识还存在较多问题,制约了油气勘探与开发。超临界浊流与亚临界浊流之间的相互转化和浊流向泥质碎屑流的转化是形成重力流沉积物分布新认识的2个核心热点问题。深水重力流沉积存在水道—堤岸、水道—朵叶转换带和朵叶等多种沉积构型要素,对其沉积识别标志的精细解析是明确砂体分布的重要依据。深水超临界浊流向亚临界流转化过程中强烈的水力跳跃作用侵蚀基底沉积物是形成重力流水道的最新认识。构造活动、沉积物供给和海(湖)平面变化是控制重力流沉积砂体分布的盆外因素; 沉积盆地水体密度、盆底地貌和地形坡度则是决定重力流沉积砂体分布的盆内因素。深水重力流沉积砂体埋藏成岩演化过程中的砂泥协同成岩作用对相对高孔隙度和渗透率的优质储集层发育起到重要控制作用。野外露头与现代观测并重的沉积过程研究、深水重力流沉积构型要素与内幕结构研究、深水重力流成因细粒沉积与页岩油气研究、深水重力流沉积砂体成岩作用研究有望成为下一步深水重力流沉积油气勘探沉积学研究的重点。

关键词: 深水重力流, 油气勘探, 沉积过程, 沉积学问题, 分布规律

Abstract: The oil and gas resources stored in deep-water gravity-flow sediments are extremely abundant,but there are still many problems in understanding the distribution of deep-water gravity-flow sedimentary sand bodies and high-quality reservoirs at present. These problems restrict the exploration and development of oil and gas. The transition from supercritical to subcritical turbidity current under the control of hydraulic jumping and the transformation of turbidity current to muddy debris flow under the control of turbulence damping are two key issues that form the new understanding of the distribution of gravity flow deposits. Deep-water gravity flow deposits have numerous architectural elements,including channel and levee,channel-lobe transition zone,and lobe. The detailed analysis of identification marks of different architectural elements is critical to understanding of the distribution of gravity flow deposits. The strong erosion of substrate by hydraulic jump during the transition from supercritical to subcritical turbidity current is the new understanding for the formation of gravity flow channels. Tectonic activity,sediment supply, and the interaction between climate and sea(lake)level are external factors of sedimentary basins that control the distribution of gravity flow deposits. Water density of sedimentary basin,topographic slope, and basin bottom topography are internal factors that determine the distribution of gravity flow deposits. The synergistic diagenesis of sand and mud during the burial and diagenetic evolution of deep-water gravity flow deposits plays an important role in the development of high-quality reservoirs with relatively high porosity and permeability. Research on the depositional process that emphasizes both ancient outcrops and modern-day monitoring,deep-water gravity flow sedimentary architectural elements and inner structure,deep-water gravity flow-caused fine-grained sedimentation and shale oil and gas research,deep-water gravity flow sedimentary sand body diagenesis are expected to be the next step of sedimentological research prospects of deep-water gravity flow sedimentary oil and gas exploration.

Key words: deep-water gravity flow, oil and gas exploration, depositional processes, sedimentological problems, distribution pattern

中图分类号: 

• P588.2