玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组碱湖沉积物中甾类化合物分布: 古环境及生源意义<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.071

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 1026-1043. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.071

玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组碱湖沉积物中甾类化合物分布: 古环境及生源意义^*

王东勇¹^,²(), 陈践发¹, 李美俊¹^,³(), 王文强⁴, 肖洪¹, 邹贤利³, 孙彪¹^,², 秦慧强¹

1 中国石油大学(北京),油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,地球科学学院,北京 102249
2 加拿大阿尔伯塔大学土木与环境工程系,加拿大埃德蒙顿 T6G 2H5
3 中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区石油学院,新疆克拉玛依 834000
4 西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,陕西西安 710065

收稿日期:2024-11-04 修回日期:2025-03-03 出版日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2025-07-30
通讯作者: 李美俊,男,1972年生,教授,博士,主要从事有机地球化学和油气勘探研究。E-mail: meijunli@cup.edu.cn。
作者简介:
王东勇,男,1998年生,博士研究生,主要从事有机地球化学和油气勘探研究。E-mail: dywang0907@163.com。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42202134); 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2023D01A20); 国家留学基金委项目(CSC202306440129)

Distributions of steroidal biomarkers in alkaline sediments of the Permian Fengcheng Formation,Mahu sag,NW China: implications for palaeoenvironment and organic matter source

WANG Dongyong¹^,²(), CHEN Jianfa¹, LI Meijun¹^,³(), WANG Wenqiang⁴, XIAO Hong¹, ZOU Xianli³, SUN Biao¹^,², QIN Huiqiang¹

1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249,China
2 Civil and Environmental Engineering Department,University of Alberta,Edmonton AB, T6G 2H5,Canada
3 Faculty of Petroleum,China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay,Xinjiang Karamay 834000,China
4 School of Geoscience Science and Engineering,Xi’an Shiyou University,Xi’an 710065,China

Received:2024-11-04 Revised:2025-03-03 Online:2025-08-01 Published:2025-07-30
Contact: LI Meijun,born in 1972,is a professor at China University of Petroleum(Beijing)and his primary research interest is petroleum geochemistry and exploration. E⁃mail: meijunli@cup.edu.cn.
About author:
WANG Dongyong,born in 1998,is a Ph.D. candidate whose study focuses on organic geochemistry and petroleum exploration research. E-mail: dywang0907@163.com.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation Youth Science Fund Project(42202134); Natural Science Foundation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023D01A20); China Scholarship Council(CSC202306440129)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 碱湖相烃源岩中有机质来源复杂,会形成丰富且复杂的甾类化合物。通过对玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组17件代表性碱湖沉积物进行气相色谱—质谱与单体烃同位素分析并结合前人研究成果,详细分析了其中丰富的甾烷类化合物的分布特征,并讨论了其主控因素。结果表明: 风城组沉积物中含有极低丰度的C₂₇规则甾烷和极高丰度的C₂₈和C₂₉规则甾烷,这可能是由于沉积物中一些绿藻种属特殊有机质贡献的结果。所分析样品中的重排甾烷相对丰度较低,这可能与风城组沉积物中低含量的黏土矿物有关。风城组沉积物中低丰度的烷基甾烷可能与特殊的有机质来源有关,同时也可能是与高盐度的沉积环境有关,特别是相对于C₂₉ 4-甲基甾烷和C₃₀甾烷,含有低丰度的C₂₈ 4-甲基甾烷。来自于古湖泊边缘区的样品中,C₃₀ 24-正丙基胆甾烷丰度较高,可能指示着该地区风城组烃源岩有机质中有红藻的生物来源贡献。此外,在风城组沉积物中检测并鉴定了高丰度的羊毛甾烷,表明风城组沉积时期高盐度的沉积水体条件,并推测其生物来源可能是蓝绿藻,但不排除其他特殊藻类的贡献。高丰度的C₂₈和C₂₉规则甾烷和β-胡萝卜烷可能也指示着特殊绿藻种属的贡献。特殊的有机质贡献造成了三芳甲藻甾烷的缺失。综上,高盐度的沉积水体条件、特殊的有机质来源及低含量的黏土矿物组成,导致风城组碱湖沉积物中丰富且复杂的甾烷类化合物分布。

关键词: 甾类化合物, 古环境, 有机质, 碱湖, 风城组, 二叠系, 玛湖凹陷, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract:

Steroids in the geological records is generally relevant to the organic matter source;in return,the distributions of steroids would provide unique insights to the organic source in sediments. Organic matter input in the alkaline sediments is complex,which can form various steranes. In this study,a total of 17 cores were sampled to carry out GC-MS and GC-IR MS to investigate the distributions of steranes and their controlling factors by combination of previous reports. Low Pr/Ph combined with high content β-carotane,C₂₃ tricyclic terpane and gammacerane indicates a high-salinity water body during deposition of the Permian Fengcheng Formation. The samples are characterized by low abundance of C₂₇ regular sterane and high abundance of C₂₈ and C₂₉ regular steranes,which is due to the contributions from some special organic matter input such as green algae. The content of diasteranes in the selected samples is very low due to the low clay content. A low alkyl-steranes present in the Fengcheng Formation source rocks,which may be affected by organic matter source as well as strongly reducing environment as shown a low C₂₈ 4-methyl sterane relative to C₂₉ 4-methyl steranes and C₃₀ sterane. Occurrence of C₃₀ 24-n-propyl cholestane in the Fengcheng Formation samples located in edge of paleo-lake may imply the organic matter contribution from red algae. Moreover,high contents of lanosteranes have been detected in the samples,which suggests a reducing sedimentary environment and a green-algal source as supported by abundant C₂₈ and C₂₉ regular steranes and β-carotane. The absence of triaryldinosterane in the samples is likely ascribed to some special organic matter source and a low contribution of dinoflagellates. In summary,it is the strongly reducing environment,distinct organic matter input,as well as low clay content in mineral compositions that lead to the various and complex steranes distributions pattern in alkaline sediments.

Key words: steroids, palaeoenvironment, organic matter source, alkaline sediments, Fengcheng Formation, Permian, Mahu sag, Junggar Basin

中图分类号:

P578.98

王东勇, 陈践发, 李美俊, 王文强, 肖洪, 邹贤利, 孙彪, 秦慧强. 玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组碱湖沉积物中甾类化合物分布: 古环境及生源意义^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(4): 1026-1043.

WANG Dongyong, CHEN Jianfa, LI Meijun, WANG Wenqiang, XIAO Hong, ZOU Xianli, SUN Biao, QIN Huiqiang. Distributions of steroidal biomarkers in alkaline sediments of the Permian Fengcheng Formation,Mahu sag,NW China: implications for palaeoenvironment and organic matter source[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(4): 1026-1043.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I4/1026

图/表 13

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样品编号	井号	深度 /m	岩性	TOC /%	S₁ /mg·g^-1	S₂ /mg·g^-1	PG /mg·g^-1	HI /mg·g^-1	T_max /℃	R_O /%	δ¹³C /‰
Y1	F5	3214.70	白云质泥岩	0.64	0.40	2.49	2.89	390	435	0.96	/
Y2		3226.90	白云质泥岩	1.30	0.36	6.96	7.32	537	436	1.11	/
Y3		3233.38	白云质泥岩	1.02	0.65	6.15	6.80	602	438	1.14	/
Y4		3249.50	白云质泥岩	1.01	0.35	5.37	5.72	531	436	/	/
Y5		3288.70	白云质泥岩	1.21	0.26	7.07	7.33	583	437	/	/
Y6		3354.20	白云质泥岩	1.22	0.32	9.08	9.40	744	438	1.01	/
Y7		3470.90	白云质泥岩	0.63	0.54	7.05	7.59	817	441	0.89	-29.52
Y8		3473.60	泥岩	0.73	0.86	2.99	3.85	794	447	1.01	-28.25
Y9		3476.10	白云质泥岩	0.40	0.34	1.11	1.45	662	454	1.15	/
Y10	F7	3156.16	泥质白云岩	1.74	0.90	8.51	9.41	490	436	/	-29.25
Y11		3157.50	白云质泥岩	3.60	0.51	33.47	33.98	806	442	1.05	-28.83
Y12		3182.90	泥质白云岩	1.34	0.85	6.66	7.51	499	433	/	-30.47
Y13		3189.29	白云质泥岩	2.93	1.66	25.7	27.36	877	435	/	/
Y14		3220.55	白云质泥岩	0.44	1.40	7.89	9.29	586	438	0.96	/
Y15		3222.30	白云质泥岩	3.43	2.32	39.9	42.24	688	440	1.11	/
Y16	F14	4065.19	泥质白云岩	2.40	1.03	13.93	14.96	635	440	/	-28.40
Y17	F20	3268.00	白云质泥岩	2.40	2.73	20.1	22.83	836	438	/	/

样品编号	井号	深度 /m	岩性	TOC /%	S₁ /mg·g^-1	S₂ /mg·g^-1	PG /mg·g^-1	HI /mg·g^-1	T_max /℃	R_O /%	δ¹³C /‰
Y1	F5	3214.70	白云质泥岩	0.64	0.40	2.49	2.89	390	435	0.96	/
Y2		3226.90	白云质泥岩	1.30	0.36	6.96	7.32	537	436	1.11	/
Y3		3233.38	白云质泥岩	1.02	0.65	6.15	6.80	602	438	1.14	/
Y4		3249.50	白云质泥岩	1.01	0.35	5.37	5.72	531	436	/	/
Y5		3288.70	白云质泥岩	1.21	0.26	7.07	7.33	583	437	/	/
Y6		3354.20	白云质泥岩	1.22	0.32	9.08	9.40	744	438	1.01	/
Y7		3470.90	白云质泥岩	0.63	0.54	7.05	7.59	817	441	0.89	-29.52
Y8		3473.60	泥岩	0.73	0.86	2.99	3.85	794	447	1.01	-28.25
Y9		3476.10	白云质泥岩	0.40	0.34	1.11	1.45	662	454	1.15	/
Y10	F7	3156.16	泥质白云岩	1.74	0.90	8.51	9.41	490	436	/	-29.25
Y11		3157.50	白云质泥岩	3.60	0.51	33.47	33.98	806	442	1.05	-28.83
Y12		3182.90	泥质白云岩	1.34	0.85	6.66	7.51	499	433	/	-30.47
Y13		3189.29	白云质泥岩	2.93	1.66	25.7	27.36	877	435	/	/
Y14		3220.55	白云质泥岩	0.44	1.40	7.89	9.29	586	438	0.96	/
Y15		3222.30	白云质泥岩	3.43	2.32	39.9	42.24	688	440	1.11	/
Y16	F14	4065.19	泥质白云岩	2.40	1.03	13.93	14.96	635	440	/	-28.40
Y17	F20	3268.00	白云质泥岩	2.40	2.73	20.1	22.83	836	438	/	/

样品编号	烷烃参数			萜烷参数
	C_max	Pr/Ph	β/C_max	C₁₉₊₂₀ /C_19+20+21+23TT	C₂₁ /C_19+20+21+23TT	C₂₃ /C_19+20+21+23TT	G /C₃₀H	20S /(S+R)	C₃₁H /%	C₃₂H /%	C₃₃H /%	C₃₄H /%	C₃₅H /%
Y1	nC₁₇	0.59	0.02	28.65	27.76	43.59	1.01	0.51	39.37	22.60	14.91	14.07	9.05
Y2	nC₁₇	0.60	2.69	29.79	27.24	42.96	1.01	0.52	33.53	21.84	16.93	13.91	13.80
Y3	nC₁₇	0.60	7.82	26.85	27.38	45.76	0.79	0.50	31.94	21.84	16.73	14.28	15.21
Y4	nC₁₇	0.67	2.44	29.87	27.90	42.23	0.88	0.53	35.82	23.07	16.04	12.70	12.38
Y5	nC₁₇	0.78	0.99	27.97	29.67	42.35	0.90	0.52	32.08	22.28	16.64	14.35	14.64
Y6	nC₁₇	0.54	1.71	28.48	26.48	45.04	1.67	0.53	26.53	22.56	18.31	14.46	18.14
Y7	nC₁₇	0.44	2.30	26.02	25.84	48.14	1.10	0.59	27.09	22.99	16.17	16.17	17.57
Y8	nC₁₇	0.44	1.52	25.66	27.66	46.68	1.06	0.59	28.24	22.64	15.94	16.09	17.10
Y9	nC₁₇	0.52	9.27	23.18	25.18	51.64	0.96	0.56	24.55	22.79	16.77	15.67	20.22
Y10	nC₁₇	0.64	4.83	29.84	27.59	42.57	0.35	0.55	37.62	21.77	14.77	11.68	14.16
Y11	nC₁₇	0.80	0.59	34.79	30.09	35.13	0.47	0.58	39.10	24.06	15.43	11.16	10.26
Y12	nC₁₇	0.57	0.48	34.20	31.29	34.51	0.34	0.55	42.14	27.85	13.63	9.63	6.75
Y13	nC₁₇	0.76	0.74	23.39	31.77	44.84	0.40	0.55	44.58	26.17	13.87	8.32	7.07
Y14	nC₁₇	0.63	0.85	30.33	28.33	41.35	0.68	0.60	33.63	23.44	16.34	12.73	13.85
Y15	nC₁₇	0.36	4.15	22.22	25.83	51.95	0.64	0.64	29.62	21.25	17.22	14.16	17.74
Y16	nC₁₇	0.83	2.14	30.05	34.35	35.60	0.27	0.55	46.44	25.04	13.47	8.44	6.61
Y17	nC₁₇	0.58	0.69	34.41	32.05	33.54	0.68	0.52	48.43	26.36	12.59	7.20	5.42

样品编号	烷烃参数			萜烷参数
	C_max	Pr/Ph	β/C_max	C₁₉₊₂₀ /C_19+20+21+23TT	C₂₁ /C_19+20+21+23TT	C₂₃ /C_19+20+21+23TT	G /C₃₀H	20S /(S+R)	C₃₁H /%	C₃₂H /%	C₃₃H /%	C₃₄H /%	C₃₅H /%
Y1	nC₁₇	0.59	0.02	28.65	27.76	43.59	1.01	0.51	39.37	22.60	14.91	14.07	9.05
Y2	nC₁₇	0.60	2.69	29.79	27.24	42.96	1.01	0.52	33.53	21.84	16.93	13.91	13.80
Y3	nC₁₇	0.60	7.82	26.85	27.38	45.76	0.79	0.50	31.94	21.84	16.73	14.28	15.21
Y4	nC₁₇	0.67	2.44	29.87	27.90	42.23	0.88	0.53	35.82	23.07	16.04	12.70	12.38
Y5	nC₁₇	0.78	0.99	27.97	29.67	42.35	0.90	0.52	32.08	22.28	16.64	14.35	14.64
Y6	nC₁₇	0.54	1.71	28.48	26.48	45.04	1.67	0.53	26.53	22.56	18.31	14.46	18.14
Y7	nC₁₇	0.44	2.30	26.02	25.84	48.14	1.10	0.59	27.09	22.99	16.17	16.17	17.57
Y8	nC₁₇	0.44	1.52	25.66	27.66	46.68	1.06	0.59	28.24	22.64	15.94	16.09	17.10
Y9	nC₁₇	0.52	9.27	23.18	25.18	51.64	0.96	0.56	24.55	22.79	16.77	15.67	20.22
Y10	nC₁₇	0.64	4.83	29.84	27.59	42.57	0.35	0.55	37.62	21.77	14.77	11.68	14.16
Y11	nC₁₇	0.80	0.59	34.79	30.09	35.13	0.47	0.58	39.10	24.06	15.43	11.16	10.26
Y12	nC₁₇	0.57	0.48	34.20	31.29	34.51	0.34	0.55	42.14	27.85	13.63	9.63	6.75
Y13	nC₁₇	0.76	0.74	23.39	31.77	44.84	0.40	0.55	44.58	26.17	13.87	8.32	7.07
Y14	nC₁₇	0.63	0.85	30.33	28.33	41.35	0.68	0.60	33.63	23.44	16.34	12.73	13.85
Y15	nC₁₇	0.36	4.15	22.22	25.83	51.95	0.64	0.64	29.62	21.25	17.22	14.16	17.74
Y16	nC₁₇	0.83	2.14	30.05	34.35	35.60	0.27	0.55	46.44	25.04	13.47	8.44	6.61
Y17	nC₁₇	0.58	0.69	34.41	32.05	33.54	0.68	0.52	48.43	26.36	12.59	7.20	5.42

样品编号	C₂₇Sat /%	C₂₈Sat /%	C₂₉Sat /%	ββ/(ββ+αα)	S/(S+R)	Dia/Sat	C₂₆/C₂₈TAS	C₂₇/C₂₈TAS	C₂₆TAS /%	C₂₇TAS /%	C₂₈TAS /%
Y1	4.06	57.81	38.13	0.19	0.30	0.04	0.01	0.20	0.14	16.95	82.92
Y2	2.36	51.59	46.05	0.20	0.27	0.11	0.02	0.28	1.12	21.85	77.03
Y3	7.06	46.50	46.44	0.24	0.34	0.08	0.04	0.34	3.54	24.58	71.88
Y4	5.34	51.23	43.43	0.23	0.31	0.06	0.02	0.26	0.98	20.59	78.43
Y5	7.02	44.65	48.33	0.26	0.34	0.08	0.05	0.43	4.41	28.54	67.06
Y6	5.34	45.61	49.05	0.21	0.32	0.05	0.03	0.31	1.03	23.34	75.63
Y7	6.33	47.35	46.32	0.20	0.35	0.02	0.06	0.54	4.04	32.38	63.59
Y8	6.89	47.20	45.91	0.19	0.35	0.01	0.08	0.63	5.02	34.90	60.08
Y9	6.66	48.66	44.69	0.21	0.36	0.03	0.08	0.59	4.74	34.49	60.78
Y10	3.40	43.34	53.26	0.33	0.42	0.05	0.09	0.82	4.78	42.45	52.76
Y11	5.56	46.07	48.36	0.37	0.46	0.08	0.11	0.88	5.54	43.94	50.53
Y12	3.15	44.40	52.45	0.26	0.32	0.03	0.03	0.54	2.18	32.99	64.82
Y13	9.28	45.73	44.99	0.24	0.37	0.11	0.09	0.82	4.37	43.07	52.56
Y14	5.71	44.87	49.42	0.20	0.30	0.09	0.07	0.58	4.17	34.30	61.53
Y15	6.46	43.66	49.88	0.25	0.36	0.03	0.05	0.62	2.79	36.45	60.76
Y16	5.37	47.91	46.73	0.42	0.47	0.15	0.07	0.74	3.89	42.01	54.10
Y17	4.53	46.38	49.08	0.18	0.25	0.02	0.05	0.70	3.34	39.65	57.00

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玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组碱湖沉积物中甾类化合物分布: 古环境及生源意义^*

Distributions of steroidal biomarkers in alkaline sediments of the Permian Fengcheng Formation,Mahu sag,NW China: implications for palaeoenvironment and organic matter source

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玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组碱湖沉积物中甾类化合物分布: 古环境及生源意义*

Distributions of steroidal biomarkers in alkaline sediments of the Permian Fengcheng Formation,Mahu sag,NW China: implications for palaeoenvironment and organic matter source

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玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组碱湖沉积物中甾类化合物分布: 古环境及生源意义^*