南海西北部陆架第四系沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境指示<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.024

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 1010-1025. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.024

南海西北部陆架第四系沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境指示^*

葛家旺¹(), 成湘¹, 赵晓明¹(), 刘宇明², 李旭彪¹, 张欣¹

1 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川成都 610500
2 中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,陕西西安 710061

收稿日期:2023-10-26 修回日期:2024-12-13 出版日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2025-07-30
通讯作者: 赵晓明,男,1982年生,教授,主要从事深水沉积学和开发地质学方面的教学和科研工作。E-mail: zhxim98@163.com。
作者简介:
葛家旺,男,1988年生,副研究员,主要从事定量层序地层学、沉积学及开发地质学方面的教学和科研工作。E-mail: gjwddn@163.com。
基金资助:
*四川省科技计划资助-自然科学基金(2023NSFSC0810); 国家自然科学基金项目(41902124)

Characteristics of grain size of the Quaternary sediments and their palaeoenvironmental implications in continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea

GE Jiawang¹(), CHENG Xiang¹, ZHAO Xiaoming¹(), LIU Yuming², LI Xubiao¹, ZHANG Xin¹

1 School of Geoscience and Technology,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China
2 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710061,China

Received:2023-10-26 Revised:2024-12-13 Online:2025-08-01 Published:2025-07-30
Contact: ZHAO Xiaoming,born in 1982,a professor,is engaged in deep water sedimentology and oil exploitation geology teaching and research. E⁃mail: zhxim98@163.com.
About author:
GE Jiawang,born in 1988,an associate researcher,is engaged in teaching and quantitative sequence stratigraphy,tectono-sedimentology and oil exploitation geology research. E-mail: gjwddn@163.com.
Supported by:
Sichuan Science and Technology Program-Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan(2023NSFSC0810); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41902124)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 沉积物的粒度数据可反映水动力特征及陆源物质构成,综合反馈海平面升降、区域物源及气候环境变化等信息,其中粒度数据中环境敏感因子是沉积环境及季风强度的良好指标。南海西北浅水陆架地区系统的钻井资料为水动力和气候变化研究提供了良好的研究载体,本研究基于获取的陆架区第四系52件样品的粒度特征分析认为,南海西北部陆架沉积物主要由黏土和粉砂组成,自下而上粒度呈“细—粗”的变化趋势,水动力作用增强。分别采用粒级—标准偏差法、端元组分分析法和主成分因子分析法对沉积物样品提取环境敏感组分,以探讨东亚季风气候的强度变化与敏感组分的响应关系。结果表明,不同方法提取出的细粒和粗粒组分含量呈现出相同的变化趋势,说明3种方法均适用于南海西北部陆架区环境敏感组分分析。端元组分分析法获得的端元组分的比值 EM1/(EM1+EM2+EM3+EM4),与主成分因子分析法分离出的4个粒级主成分计算得出的综合指标GS,具有相同的变化趋势,可作为东亚夏季风相对强度变化的替代指标; 3种方法综合得出的4.03~8.68 μm细粒组分含量变化也可指示东亚夏季风的强度变化。中更新世气候转型(约0.8-0.9 Ma)之后,东亚季风的变化幅度加剧,夏季风有所增强,冬季风显著增强后减弱; 在0.9 Ma之后,海平面下降造成陆架暴露,粗粒沉积物随之增多。

关键词: 粒度特征, 环境敏感组分, 沉积环境, 第四系, 南海西北部陆架

Abstract:

The grain size data of sediments can quantitatively reflect hydrodynamic characteristics and terrestrial material composition,providing comprehensive insights into sea-level fluctuations,regional sources,and climate environmental changes. Among these data,environmentally sensitive factors in the particle size data serve as excellent indicators of sedimentary environment and monsoon intensity. The abundant drilling data from the northwestern shallow water shelf of the South China Sea provide an excellent research platform for studying hydrodynamics and climate change. Based on the particle size analysis of 52 Quaternary samples in the continental shelf area,it is concluded that the continental shelf sediments in the northwest of the South China Sea are primarily composed of clay and silt. From bottom to top,hydrodynamic activity gradually intensifies,resulting in a relatively turbulent overall sedimentary environment,with variations in source input and hydrodynamic activity at different times. To explore the response relationship between the East Asian monsoon intensity and the response of sensitive components,environmentally sensitive components in sediment samples were extracted using the grain-size-standard deviation method,the end-member component analysis,and the principal component factor analysis. The results show that the contents of fine and coarse grain components extracted by different methods exhibit the same trends. Therefore,it is considered that all three methods are suitable for analyzing environmental sensitive components in the northwestern shelf area of the South China Sea. The ratio of EM1/(EM1+EM2+EM3+EM4)obtained by end-member component analysis and the comprehensive index GS calculated from the four particle size main components separated by principal component factor analysis show the same trend and it thus can be used as alternative indicators of the relative intensity of the East Asian winter and summer monsoons. The content variation of 4.03~8.68 μm fine fractions obtained by the three methods can also indicate the intensity variation of the East Asian summer monsoon. After the climate transition in the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition(around 0.8-0.9 Ma),the amplitude of East Asian monsoon variations intensified,with a significant strengthening of the winter monsoon. After 0.9 Ma,the shelf is exposed as a result of sea level fall,with a subsequent increase in coarse-grained sediments.

Key words: grain size characteristics, environmentally sensitive components, sedimentary environment, Quaternary, shelf of northwestern South China Sea

中图分类号:

葛家旺, 成湘, 赵晓明, 刘宇明, 李旭彪, 张欣. 南海西北部陆架第四系沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境指示^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(4): 1010-1025.

GE Jiawang, CHENG Xiang, ZHAO Xiaoming, LIU Yuming, LI Xubiao, ZHANG Xin. Characteristics of grain size of the Quaternary sediments and their palaeoenvironmental implications in continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(4): 1010-1025.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I4/1010

图/表 13

图 1 南海西北部物源供给及取样井位YC 8-2-1井地理位置图(据马畅等,2022;有修改)

Fig.1 Provenance supply and sampling location of Well YC 8-2-1 in northwestern South China Sea (modified from Ma et al., 2022)

图 2 南海西北部YC 8-2-1井第四系年代框架和岩性解释(A)及地震剖面与单元划分图(B)

Fig.2 Interpretation of the Quaternary age framework and lithology of Well YC 8-2-1 in northwestern South China Sea(A) and seismic section and unitization(B)

图 3 南海西北部陆架区YC 8-2-1井第四系沉积物粒度特征曲线

Fig.3 Characteristic curve of grain size of the Quaternary sediments from Well YC 8-2-1 in continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea

图 4 南海西北部陆架区YC 8-2-1井第四系沉积物样品粒度频率曲线 A-U4段; B-U3段; C-U2段; D-U1段

Fig.4 Grain size frequency curves of the Quaternary sediment samples from Well YC 8-2-1 in continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea

图 5 南海西北部陆架区YC 8-2-1井第四系沉积物样品粒度概率累积曲线

Fig.5 Cumulative curve of probability value of grain size of the Quaternary sediment samples from Well YC 8-2-1 in continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea

图 6 南海西北部陆架区YC 8-2-1井第四系沉积物样品粒级—标准偏差曲线

Fig.6 Grain size-standard deviation curve of the Quaternary sediment samples from Well YC 8-2-1 in continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea

表 1 南海西北部陆架区YC 8-2-1井沉积物样品粒度端元分析拟合参数

Table 1 Fitting parameters for grain size end member analysis of sediment samples from Well YC 8-2-1 in continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea

端元个数n	端元相关性EM R²	线性相关性R²	角度偏差θ/(°)
3	0.0012	0.9793	6.7658
4	0.0466	0.9899	4.7075
5	0.2434	0.9933	3.8365

图 7 南海西北部陆架区YC 8-2-1井第四系沉积物样品端元组分分析结果 A—端元划分的线性相关; B—角度偏差; C—端元组分模拟结果; D—EM1-EM4粒级含量分布

Fig.7 Results of end member analysis of the Quaternary sediment samples from Well YC 8-2-1 in continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea

表 2 南海西北部陆架区第四系沉积物粒度端元组分参数特征

Table 2 Characteristics of grain size end-member component parameters of the Quaternary sediments in continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea

端元组分	平均粒径 (Mz)/μm	分选 (σ)	偏度 (SK)	峰度 (KG)	黏土 /%	粉砂 /%	砂 /%
EM1	5.21	1.11	0.004	0.91	33.51	66.46	0.03
EM2	15.77	1.01	0.096	0.93	2.54	96.13	1.33
EM3	56.33	0.81	0.124	0.95	0.02	52.12	47.87
EM4	538.37	0.53	0.335	1.24	0	0.02	99.98

表 3 南海西北部陆架区YC 8-2-1井第四系沉积物样品粒度主控因子累计贡献率

Table 3 Cumulative contribution rate of main controlling factors of grain size of the Quaternary sediment samples from Well YC 8-2-1 in continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea

主控因子	得分	方差贡献率 /%	累计贡献率 /%	因子构成 /μm
F1	19.509	31.466	31.466	1.45~9.86、310~976
F2	13.032	21.020	52.486	35.3~111
F3	11.585	18.685	71.171	0.46~1.45
F4	10.387	16.753	87.924	12.7~31.1

图 8 南海西北部陆架区YC 8-2-1井第四系沉积物样品主成分因子载荷图

Fig.8 Principal component factor loading diagram of the Quaternary sediment samples from Well YC 8-2-1 in continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea

表 4 用于南海东亚季风气候研究的沉积物粒度指标总结

Table 4 Summary of sediment grain size indicators for East Asian monsoon in the South China Sea

岩心编号/钻孔名称	方法	环境敏感粒级/指标	指示意义	参考文献
MD05-2901(南海西部)	PCA	10.8~14.3 μm、30.1~43.7 μm	夏季风(细粒)	郑洪波等(2008);
MD05-2901(南海西部)	PCA	10.8~14.3 μm、30.1~43.7 μm	冬季风(粗粒)	陈国成等(2007)
ODP 1146(南海北部)	STD	1.3~2.4 μm/10~19 μm	冬季风与夏季风的相对强度	万世明等(2007)
	EMMA	11 μm(EM1)、7.5 μm(EM2)、2 μm(EM3)	EM1指示冬季风强度; EM1/(EM2+EM3)指示冬季风相对于夏季风的强度	万世明等(2007)
ODP 1144(南海北部)	STD	2.5~5 μm、20~40 μm	夏季风(细粒)	Boulay等(2006)
ODP 1144(南海北部)	STD	2.5~5 μm、20~40 μm	冬季风(粗粒)	Boulay等(2006)
PC 338(南海西北部)	EMMA	0~2 μm(EM1)、2~10 μm(EM2)、5~28 μm(EM3)、15~100 μm(EM4)	EM1和EM4指示海平面变化;	李明坤(2018)
PC 338(南海西北部)	EMMA	0~2 μm(EM1)、2~10 μm(EM2)、5~28 μm(EM3)、15~100 μm(EM4)	EM2指示东亚夏季风	李明坤(2018)
S20(南海北部)	STD	细粒组分(<19 μm)的平均粒径	冬季风	田旭等(2015)
MD05-2905(南海北部)	STD	2~9 μm、15.5~63.5 μm	夏季风(细粒),冬季风(粗粒)	杨文光等(2008)
MD05-2903(南海北部)	STD	3~5 μm、13~16 μm	夏季风(细粒),冬季风(粗粒)	Xie等(2014)

图 9 南海西北部2.6 Ma以来不同方法提取出的环境敏感粒级组分与东亚季风强度替代指标对比 A—粒级—标准偏差法(STD)提取出的环境敏感粒级含量变化; B—端元组分分析法(EMMA)提取出的环境敏感粒级含量变化; C—主成分因子分析法(PCA)提取出的环境敏感粒级含量变化; D—GS序列及 EM1/(EM1+EM2+EM3+EM4)指标; E—南海北部ODP 1148岩心Hm/Gt(赤铁矿/针铁矿)记录(Clift,2006);F—南海西南部ODP 1143岩心黏土/长石记录(Wan et al., 2006);G、H—黄土高原灵台黄土磁化率(χ)和石英粒度(QGS)记录(Sun et al., 2010);I—南海北部ODP 1146岩心风尘累积率(Wan et al., 2007)

Fig.9 Comparison of environmental sensitive grain fractions extracted by different methods and East Asian monsoon intensity proxy index in the northwestern South China Sea since 2.6 Ma

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南海西北部陆架第四系沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境指示^*

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南海西北部陆架第四系沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境指示^*