早二叠世华北东部古野火活动及全球记录<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.070

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 997-1009. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.070

早二叠世华北东部古野火活动及全球记录^*

吕大炜(), 姜东旭, 张之辉, 杜文旭, 李泽宽, 王洛静, 郑桂波, 王冰, 李俊林

山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院,山东青岛 266590

收稿日期:2024-12-04 修回日期:2025-01-13 出版日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2025-07-30
作者简介:
吕大炜,1980年生,男,教授,主要从事煤地质、深时古气候方面教学和科研工作。E-mail: lvdawei95@163.com。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目(U24A202029); 国家自然科学基金项目(42472166); 山东省高等学校青年创新团队发展计划(科技类)(2024KJG034)

Early Permian palaeo-wildfire activity in eastern North China and its global records

LÜ Dawei(), JIANG Dongxu, ZHANG Zhihui, DU Wenxu, LI Zekuan, WANG Luojing, ZHENG Guibo, WANG Bing, LI Junlin

College of Earth Science and Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Shandong Qingdao 266590,China

Received:2024-12-04 Revised:2025-01-13 Online:2025-08-01 Published:2025-07-30
About author:
LÜ Dawei,born in 1980,is a professor and doctoral supervisor. He is mainly engaged in teaching and scientific research on coal geology and deep time palaeoclimate. E-mail: lvdawei95@163.com.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A202029); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42472166); Development Plan for Young Innovation Teams in Shandong’s Higher Education Institutions(Science and Technology Category)(2024KJG034)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球持续变暖,野火发生频率和范围显著加剧。为深入理解气候变化与野火之间相互作用,研究地质历史时期野火活动发生规律尤为重要。二叠纪是从冰室气候到温室气候时期转变的关键阶段,尽管大量研究广泛报道了二叠纪野火活动证据,但关于早二叠世野火活动在全球范围内的时空分布规律及控制因素尚不明确。本研究首次发现华北东部下二叠统太原组和山西组中存在大量化石木炭,表明当时野火活动频繁发生。化石木炭反射率为0.61%~2.76%,反映野火活动以地面火和地表火为主。此外,本研究系统收集并分析了174条公开报道的全球早二叠世野火活动数据。野火证据类型包括化石木炭、惰质组和热解多环芳烃。空间上,早二叠世野火活动集中分布在南半球中高纬度的热带和寒温带气候区,主要受区域气候和植被分布的影响。时间上,早二叠世野火事件发生频率表现为先上升后下降,可能受CO₂含量变化的控制和大气O₂含量影响。研究成果为进一步认识全球二叠纪野火事件分布及控制因素提供了重要依据。

关键词: 野火, 化石木炭, 氧气含量, 早二叠世, 华北地区

Abstract:

With the continuous warming of the global climate,the frequency and extent of wildfires have increased significantly. To gain a deeper understanding of the interactions between climate change and wildfires,it is crucial to study wildfire activity patterns throughout geological history. The Permian marks a pivotal transition from an icehouse to a greenhouse climate. Although extensive research has reported evidence of the Permian wildfires,the global spatiotemporal distribution and controlling factors of the Early Permian wildfire activity remain unclear. This study presents the first discovery of abundant fossil charcoal in the Lower Permian Taiyuan and Shanxi Formations in eastern North China,indicating frequent wildfire occurrences during this period. Fossil charcoal reflectance ranges from 0.61% to 2.76%,suggesting that wildfires were predominantly surface and ground fires. Additionally,this research systematically compiled and analyzed 174 globally reported records of the Early Permian wildfire activity. The evidence includes fossil charcoal,inertinite,and pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Spatially,the Early Permian wildfire activity was concentrated in tropical and cool temperate climate zones at mid- to high latitudes in the southern hemisphere,primarily influenced by regional climate conditions and vegetation distribution. Temporally,the frequency of the Early Permian wildfire events exhibited an initial ascending trend followed by subsequent decline,potentially influenced by variations in atmospheric CO₂ concentraions and modulated by fluctuations in atmospheric O₂ levels. This study provides critical insights into the global distribution and controlling factors of wildfire events during the Permian,contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of their patterns and influences.

Key words: wildfire, fossil charcoal, oxygen content, Early Permian, North China

中图分类号:

P512.2

吕大炜, 姜东旭, 张之辉, 杜文旭, 李泽宽, 王洛静, 郑桂波, 王冰, 李俊林. 早二叠世华北东部古野火活动及全球记录^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(4): 997-1009.

LÜ Dawei, JIANG Dongxu, ZHANG Zhihui, DU Wenxu, LI Zekuan, WANG Luojing, ZHENG Guibo, WANG Bing, LI Junlin. Early Permian palaeo-wildfire activity in eastern North China and its global records[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(4): 997-1009.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I4/997

图/表 9

图 1 济宁地区ZK-8351号钻孔地理位置及地层柱状图 A—研究区古地理位置(~300 Ma)(修改自Huang等,2018);B—ZK-8351号钻孔现今地理位置(修改自Lü等,2014);C—济三煤矿地层岩性及样品位置

Fig.1 Geographic location and stratigraphic columnar section of Borehole ZK-8351 in the Jining Area

图 2 济宁地区ZK-8351钻孔化石木炭手标本照片 A—山西组砂岩中化石木炭; B-C—太原组及山西组泥岩中化石木炭

Fig.2 Hand-specimen photographs of fossil charcoal from Borehole ZK-8351 in the Jining area

图 3 济宁地区ZK-8351号钻孔化石木炭显微图像 A—孔深985.0 m,丝质体碎片; B—孔深996.8 m,丝质体,典型的细胞腔; C—孔深1139.0 m,高温形成的丝质体; D—孔深1102.0 m,丝质体,细胞壁中部显示点状加厚现象; E—孔深1101.0 m,丝质体,细胞壁中部显示点状加厚现象; F—孔深1100.0 m,丝质体碎片,可见裂隙

Fig.3 Microscopic images of fossil charcoal from Borehole ZK-8351 in the Jining area

图 4 济宁地区ZK-8351号钻孔化石木炭扫描电镜图像 A—管胞单列,凹坑呈纺锤状,共1列连续且均匀,孔深985 m; B—管胞破裂,凹坑呈扁平状,共1列连续且均匀,向左下角倾斜,孔深996.8 m; C—管胞破碎,凹坑呈椭圆状,共2列大小不一,连续不均匀,孔深1139 m;D、F—横切面显示细胞壁均匀,管胞多样,大小直径不一,孔深1102 m和1101 m; E—细胞壁侧翼,可见交叉场,孔深1100 m

Fig.4 Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)images of fossil charcoal from Borehole ZK-8351 in the Jining area

图 5 早二叠世不同时间阶段野火活动记录数据木炭类型I指煤中惰质组; 木炭类型Ⅱ指碎屑沉积物的化石木炭; PAHs指热解多环芳烃

Fig.5 Data chart of wildfire activity records during different time intervals in the Early Permian

图 6 早二叠世野火活动空间分布综合分析 A—不同时间区间南北半球野火分布; B—不同时间区间气候带野火分布; C—野火活动纬度累积分布图;D—野火活动纬度位置箱线图,红色方块、红色短线分别代表数据的平均值和中位数

Fig.6 Comprehensive analysis of spatial distribution of wildfire activity during the Early Permian

图 7 化石木炭反射率累积直方图 R_o为化石木炭反射率; T为温度; n为数据量

Fig.7 Cumulative histogram of fossil charcoal reflectance

图 8 已发表的早二叠世野火事件古地理分布木炭类型I指煤中惰质组; 木炭类型Ⅱ指碎屑沉积物的化石木炭; PAHs指热解多环芳烃 A—阿瑟尔阶; B—萨克马尔阶; C—亚丁斯克阶; D—空谷阶。板块重建来自Scotese(2014),古气候带基于Boucot等(2013)

Fig.8 Palaeogeographic distribution of wildfire events during the Early Permian in published

图 9 早二叠世野火记录与影响因素 A—植物生物多样性来自Cleal和Cascales-Miñana(2014);B—CO₂含量变化来自Foster等(2017);C—大气O₂含量来自Mills等(2023);D—野火活动频率

Fig.9 Wildfire records and influencing factors during the Early Permian

参考文献 65

[1]	吕大炜, 徐锦程, 张之辉, 高洁, 杜文旭, 张奥聪, 王东东. 2024. 石炭纪全球野火事件分布及主控因素. 地质学报, 98(6): 1893-1903.
	[Lü D W, Xu J C, Zhang Z H, Gao J, Du W X, Zhang A C, Wang D D. 2024. Distribution and controlling factors of the Carboniferous global wildfies. Acta Geologica Sinica, 98(6): 1893-1903 ]
[2]	王东东, 胡鸿畅, 毛强, 吕大炜. 2024. 山东淄博地区太原组菱铁质结核成因及古环境意义. 古地理学报, 26(5): 1185-1200. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2024.05.055
	[Wang D D, Hu H C, Mao Q, Lü D W. 2024. Genesis and palaeoenviromental significance of siderite nodules in the Taiyuan Formation,Zibo area of Shandong Province,China. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 26(5): 1185-1200 ]
[3]	杨江海, 王圆, 刘佳, 马睿, 杜远生, 刘超, 余文超. 2021. 南华北早二叠世泥岩沉积与深时陆地古温度重建. 沉积学报, 39(3): 540-549.
	[Yang J H, Wang Y, Liu J, Ma R, Du Y S, Liu C, Yu W C. 2021. Early Permian mudrock deposits and deep-time land surface temperature reconstruction,southern North China. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 39(3): 540-549 ]
[4]	Baker S J. 2022. Fossil evidence that increased wildfire activity occurs in tandem with periods of global warming in Earth’s past. Earth-Science Reviews,224: 103871.
[5]	Belcher C M, Yearsley J M, Hadden R M, McElwain J C, Rein G. 2010. Baseline intrinsic flammability of Earth’s ecosystems estimated from paleoatmospheric oxygen over the past 350 million years. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(52): 22448-22453.
[6]	Benicio J R W, Jasper A, Spiekermann R, Garavaglia L, Pires-Oliveira E F, Machado N T G, Uhl D. 2019. Recurrent palaeo-wildfires in a Cisuralian coal seam: a palaeobotanical view on high-inertinite coals from the Lower Permian of the Paraná Basin, Brazil. PloS One, 14(3): e0213854.
[7]	Berner R A. 2006. GEOCARBSULF: a combined model for Phanerozoic atmospheric O₂ and CO₂. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70(23): 5653-5664.
[8]	Berner R A. 2009. Phanerozoic atmospheric oxygen: new results using the GEOCARBSULF model. American Journal of Science, 309(7): 603-606.
[9]	Berner R A, Kothavala Z. 2001. GEOCARB Ⅲ: a revised model of atmospheric CO₂ over Phanerozoic time. American Journal of Science, 301(2): 182-204.
[10]	Blackford J J. 2000. Charcoal fragments in surface samples following a fire and the implications for interpretation of subfossil charcoal data. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 164(1-4): 33-42.
[11]	Boucot A J, Xu C, Scotese C R, Morley R J. 2013. Phanerozoic paleoclimate: an atlas of lithologic indicators of climate. SEPM(Society for Sedimentary Geology), Tulsa.
[12]	Brown S A, Scott A C, Glasspool I J, Collinson M E. 2012. Cretaceous wildfires and their impact on the Earth system. Cretaceous Research,36: 162-190.
[13]	Cleal C J, Cascales-Miñana B. 2014. Composition and dynamics of the great Phanerozoic evolutionary floras. Lethaia, 47(4): 469-484.
[14]	Cope M J, Chaloner W G. 1980. Fossil charcoal as evidence of past atmospheric composition. Nature, 283(5748): 647-649.
[15]	DiMichele W A, Gastaldo R A, Pfefferkorn H W. 2005. Plant biodiversity partitioning in the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian and its implications for ecosystem assembly. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences,56: 32-49.
[16]	Du W X, Lü D W, Zhang Z H, Lu M, Uhl D, Raji M, Wang L J, Zhang A C, Sun Y Z, Wang T T. 2024. Temporal and spatial evolution of wildfires during the Jurassic: from regional to global scale. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,650: 112359.
[17]	Foster G L, Royer D L, Lunt D J. 2017. Future climate forcing potentially without precedent in the last 420 million years. Nature Communications, 8(1): 14845.
[18]	Friis E M, Pedersen K R, Crane P R. 2006. Cretaceous angiosperm flowers: innovation and evolution in plant reproduction. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 232(2-4): 251-293.
[19]	Gastaldo R A, DiMichele W A, Pfefferkorn H W. 1996. Out of the icehouse into the greenhouse: a late Paleozoic analogue for modern global vegetational change. Gas Today,6: 1-7.
[20]	Glasspool I J, Scott A C. 2010. Phanerozoic concentrations of atmospheric oxygen reconstructed from sedimentary charcoal. Nature Geoscience, 3(9): 627-630.
[21]	Glasspool I J, Gastaldo R A. 2022. Silurian wildfire proxies and atmospheric oxygen. Geology, 50(9): 1048-1052.
[22]	Glasspool I J, Edwards D, Axe L. 2006. Charcoal in the Early Devonian: a wildfire-derived Konservat-Lagerstätte. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 142(3-4): 131-136.
[23]	Guerra-Sommer M, Cazzulo-Klepzig M, Jasper A, Kalkreuth W, Menegat R, Barboza E G. 2008. Paleoecological patterns at the coal-roof shale transition in an outcrop of the Permian Brazilian Gondwana. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 11(1): 11-26.
[24]	Glasspool I J, Scott A C, Waltham D, Pronina N, Shao L Y. 2015. The impact of fire on the Late Paleozoic Earth system. Frontiers in Plant Science,6: 756.
[25]	Gulbranson E L, Ryberg P E, Decombeix A L, Taylor E L, Taylor T N, Isbell J L. 2014. Leaf habit of Late Permian Glossopteris trees from high-palaeolatitude forests. Journal of the Geological Society, 171(4): 493-507.
[26]	Hamad A M B A, Jasper A, Uhl D. 2012. The record of Triassic charcoal and other evidence for palaeo-wildfires: signal for atmospheric oxygen levels,taphonomic biases or lack of fuel? International Journal of Coal Geology,96: 60-71.
[27]	Hua F H, Shao L Y, Wang X T, Jones T P, Zhang T C, Bond D P G, Yan Z M, Hilton J. 2024. The impact of frequent wildfires during the Permian-Triassic transition: floral change and terrestrial crisis in southwestern China. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,641: 112129.
[28]	Huang B C, Yan Y G, Piper J D A, Zhang D H, Yi Z, Yu S, Zhou T H. 2018. Paleomagnetic constraints on the paleogeography of the East Asian blocks during Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic times. Earth-Science Reviews,186: 8-36.
[29]	ICCP. 2001. The new inertinite classification(ICCP system 1994). Fuel, 80: 459-471.
[30]	Jasper A, Uhl D, Guerra-Sommer M, Mosbrugger V. 2008. Palaeobotanical evidence of wildfires in the Late Paleozoic of South America-Early Permian,rio Bonito Formation,Paraná basin,Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 26(4): 435-444.
[31]	Jones T P. 1994. New morphological and chemical evidence supporting a wildfire origin for fusain from comparisons with modern charcoal. Special Papers in Palaeontology,49: 113-123.
[32]	Jones T P. 1997. Fusain in Late Jurassic sediments from the Witch Ground Graben,North Sea,UK. Inst voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO,58: 93-103.
[33]	Jones T P, Chaloner W G. 1991. Fossil charcoal,its recognition and palaeoatmospheric significance. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 97(1-2): 39-50.
[34]	Jasper A, Uhl D, Guerra-Sommer M, Abu Hamad A, Machado N T G. 2011. Charcoal remains from a tonstein layer in the Faxinal Coalfield,Lower Permian,southern Paraná Basin,Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências,83: 471-481.
[35]	Jasper A, Guerra-Sommer M, Abu Hamad A M B, Bamford M, Bernardes-de-Oliveira M E C, Tewari R, Uhl D. 2013. The burning of Gondwana: Permian fires on the southern continent: a palaeobotanical approach. Gondwana Research, 24(1): 148-160.
[36]	Jones M W, Smith A J P, Betts R, Canadell J G, Prentice I C, Le Quéré C. 2020. Climate Change Increases the Risk of Wildfires: January 2020. Gondwana Research,
[37]	Jones M W, Kelley D I, Burton C A, Di Giuseppe F, Barbosa M L F, Brambleby E, Hartley A J, Lombardi A, Mataveli G, McNorton J R. 2024. State of wildfires 2023-2024. Earth System Science Data, 16(8): 3601-3685.
[38]	Koplitz S N, Nolte C G, Pouliot G A, Vukovich J M, Beidler J. 2018. Influence of uncertainties in burned area estimates on modeled wildland fire PM2.5 and ozone pollution in the contiguous US. Atmospheric Environment,191: 328-339.
[39]	Krawchuk M A, Moritz M A, Parisien M A, Van Dorn J, Hayhoe K. 2009. Global pyrogeography: the current and future distribution of wildfire. PloS One, 4(4): e5102.
[40]	Liu B J, Zhao C L, Ma J L, Sun Y Z, Püttmann W. 2018. The origin of pale and dark layers in Pliocene lignite deposits from Yunnan Province,Southwest China: based on coal petrological and organic geochemical analyses. International Journal of Coal Geology,195: 172-188.
[41]	Lu M, Ikejiri T, Lu Y H. 2021. A synthesis of the Devonian wildfire record: implications for paleogeography,fossil flora,and paleoclimate. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,571: 110321.
[42]	Lü D W, Chen J T. 2014. Depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy of the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian coal-bearing successions(Shandong Province,China): sequence development in an epicontinental basin. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,79: 16-30.
[43]	Lü D W, Du W X, Zhang Z H, Gao Y, Wang T T, Xu J C, Zhang A C, Wang C S. 2024. A synthesis of the Cretaceous wildfire record related to atmospheric oxygen levels? Journal of Palaeogeography, 13(1): 149-164.
[44]	Marynowski L, Scott A C, Zatoń M, Parent H, Garrido A C. 2011. First multi-proxy record of Jurassic wildfires from Gondwana: evidence from the Middle Jurassic of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 299(1-2): 129-136.
[45]	Mills B J W, Krause A J, Jarvis I, Cramer B D. 2023. Evolution of atmospheric O₂ through the Phanerozoic,revisited. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 51(1): 253-276.
[46]	Mishra D P, Singh V P, Saxena A, Uhl D, Murthy S, Pandey B, Kumar R. 2022. Palaeoecology and depositional setting of an Early Permian(Artinskian)mire based on a multi-proxy study at the Jagannath coal mine(Talcher Coalfield),Mahanadi Basin,India. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,601: 111124.
[47]	Montañez I P, Poulsen C J. 2013. The Late Paleozoic ice age: an evolving paradigm. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 41(1): 629-656.
[48]	Murthy S, Uhl D, Jasper A, Sarate O S, Mishra D P. 2022. New evidence for palaeo-wildfire in the Early Permian(Artinskian)of Gondwana from Wardha Valley Coalfield,India. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 98(3): 395-401.
[49]	Murthy S, Agnihotri D, Uhl D, Jasper A, Singh R K. 2023a. Palaeoenvironmental and stratigraphical implications of the palynoflora and macro-charcoal from the early Permian of the Chuperbhita Coalfield,Rajmahal Basin,Jharkhand,India. Journal of Palaeosciences, 72(2): 141-151.
[50]	Murthy S, Saxena A, Khnagar R, Pillai S S K, Uhl D, Singh V P, h Gupta S, Borkar N. 2023b. Palynofloristics and wildfire evidence from Permian deposits of the Satpura Gondwana Basin, India: a multiproxy approach. Historical Biology: 1-22.
[51]	Scotese C R. 2014. Atlas of Permo-Carboniferous Paleogeographic Maps(Mollweide Projection),Maps 53-64,Volumes 4. The Late Paleozoic,PALEOMAP Atlas for ArcGIS. PALEOMAP Project,Evanston,IL.
[52]	Scott A C. 2000. The Pre-Quaternary history of fire. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 164(1-4): 281-329.
[53]	Scott A C. 2010. Charcoal recognition,taphonomy and uses in palaeoenvironmental analysis. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 291(1-2): 11-39.
[54]	Scott A C, Bowman D M J S, Bond W J, Pyne S J, Alexander M E. 2014. Fire on earth: an introduction. Fire Ecology, DOI: 10.5860/choice.52-0860.
[55]	Shao L Y, Zhou J M, Jones T P, Hua F H, Xu X T, Yan Z M, Hou H H, Wang D D, Lu J. 2024. Inertinite in coal and its geoenvironmental significance: insights from AI and big data analysis. Science China Earth Sciences: 1-23.
[56]	Shen W C, Zhao Q J, Uhl D, Wang J, Sun Y Z. 2023. Wildfire activity and impacts on palaeoenvironments during the late Paleozoic Ice Age: new data from the North China Basin. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,629: 111781.
[57]	Skjemstad J O, Clarke P, Taylor J A, Oades J M, McClure S G. 1996. The chemistry and nature of protected carbon in soil. Soil Research, 34(2): 251-271.
[58]	Sun Y Z. 2024. Review and update on the applications of inertinite macerals in coal geology,paleoclimatology,and paleoecology. Palaeoworld, 162(2): 193-200.
[59]	Tewari R, Chatterjee S, Agnihotri D, Pandita S K. 2015. Glossopteris flora in the Permian Weller Formation of Allan Hills,South Victoria Land,Antarctica: implications for paleogeography,paleoclimatology,and biostratigraphic correlation. Gondwana Research, 28(3): 905-932.
[60]	Uhl D, Lausberg S, Noll R, Stapf K R G. 2004. Wildfires in the late palaeozoic of central Europe: an overview of the rotliegend(upper Carboniferous-lower Permian)of the Saar-Nahe Basin(SW-Germany). Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 207(1-2): 23-35.
[61]	Uhl D, Butzmann R, Fischer T C, Meller B, Kustatscher E. 2012. Wildfires in the Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic of the Southern Alps-the late Permian of the Bletterbach-Butterloch area(northern Italy). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 118(2): 223-233.
[62]	Veraverbeke S, Rogers B M, Goulden M L, Jandt R R, Miller C E, Wiggins E B, Randerson J T. 2017. Lightning as a major driver of recent large fire years in North American boreal forests. Nature Climate Change, 7(7): 529-534. doi: 10.1038/NCLIMATE3329
[63]	Wildman Jr R A, Hickey L J, Dickinson M B, Berner R A, Robinson J M, Dietrich M, Essenhigh R H, Wildman C B. 2004. Burning of forest materials under late Paleozoic high atmospheric oxygen levels. Geology, 32(5): 457-460.
[64]	Yan M X, Wan M L, He X Z, Hou X D, Wang J. 2016. First report of Cisuralian(early Permian)charcoal layers within a coal bed from Baode,North China with reference to global wildfire distribution. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,459: 394-408.
[65]	Zhou J M, Shao L Y, Jones T P, Huang Y Y, Chen M, Hou H H, Lu J, Hilton J'. 2024. Mechanisms of inertinite enrichment in Jurassic coals: insights from a big data-driven review. Earth-Science Reviews: 104889.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容

早二叠世华北东部古野火活动及全球记录^*

Early Permian palaeo-wildfire activity in eastern North China and its global records

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 65

相关文章 6

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	邓旭升, 熊兴国, 王文明, 张德明, 李月森, 周武, 赵磊, 龚桂源, 李治海. 贵州习水地区早二叠世古地理和古地貌及其对锂资源的控制作用^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(2): 368-382.
[2]	王东东, 胡鸿畅, 毛强, 吕大炜. 山东淄博地区太原组菱铁质结核成因及古环境意义^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2024, 26(5): 1185-1200.
[3]	时志强, 王美玲, 陈彬. 中国北方烧变岩的分布、特征及研究意义^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2021, 23(6): 1067-1081.
[4]	梅冥相, 孟庆芬. 大气圈氧气含量水平上升的时间进程:一个与地球动力学过程紧密相关的地球生物学过程[J]. 古地理学报, 2016, 18(1): 1-20.
[5]	余文超, 杜远生, 周琦, 金中国, 汪小妹, 崔滔. 黔北务正道地区铝土矿层特征及其反映的早二叠世古气候^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2014, 16(1): 30-40.
[6]	崔滔, 焦养泉, 杜远生, 汪小妹, 雷志远, 翁申富, 金中国. 黔北务正道地区早二叠世铝土矿沉积古地理及其控矿意义^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2014, 16(1): 9-18.

模态框（Modal）标题

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容

早二叠世华北东部古野火活动及全球记录*

Early Permian palaeo-wildfire activity in eastern North China and its global records

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 65

相关文章 6

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

早二叠世华北东部古野火活动及全球记录^*