中国陆相盆地油页岩形成环境与成矿机制<sup>&#x0002A;</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2021.01.001

古地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1): 1-17. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2021.01.001

• 综述 • 下一篇

中国陆相盆地油页岩形成环境与成矿机制^*

刘招君^1,2, 孙平昌^1,2

1 吉林大学地球科学学院,吉林长春 130061;
2 吉林省油页岩与共生能源矿产重点实验室,吉林长春 130061

收稿日期:2020-03-05 修回日期:2020-06-27 出版日期:2021-02-01 发布日期:2021-01-24
通讯作者: 孙平昌,男,1985年生,副教授,主要研究方向为油页岩成矿理论。E-mail: sunpingchang711@126.com。
作者简介:刘招君,男,1951年生,教授,主要研究方向为沉积学、油页岩成矿理论与资源评价。E-mail: liuzj@jlu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目(编号: 41772092,41402088)资助

Formation environment and mineralization mechanism of oil shale in continental basins of China

Liu Zhao-Jun^1,2, Sun Ping-Chang^1,2

1 College of Earth Sciences,Jilin University,Changchun 130061,China;
2 Key Laboratory for Oil Shale and Coexisting Minerals of Jilin Province,Jilin University,Changchun 130061,China

Received:2020-03-05 Revised:2020-06-27 Online:2021-02-01 Published:2021-01-24
Contact: Sun Ping-Chang,born in 1985,is an associate professor in College of Earth Sciences,Jilin University.Now he is engaged in mineralization theory of oil shale.E-mail: sunpingchang711@126.com.
About author:Liu Zhao-Jun,born in 1951,is a professor in College of Earth Sciences,Jilin University.Now he is engaged in sedimentology,mineralization theory of oil shale and resource evaluation.E-mail: liuzj@jlu.edu.cn.
Supported by:
Financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41772092, 41402088)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近10年来,油页岩勘探开发和成矿理论研究取得重要进展。作者在前期研究和系统调研的基础上,概要总结了中国陆相油页岩的形成环境和成矿机制。总体表明,油页岩易形成于相对较高的O₂和低CO₂浓度的大气背景下,具有4个主要成矿期次;盆地内构造和古气候协同控制油页岩的矿床规模,补偿环境易于形成深水油页岩,而过补偿环境沉积浅水油页岩;深水油页岩沉积于半深湖和深湖环境中,湖底均处于贫氧—缺氧的状态,生物生产力为控制油页岩品质的关键因素,有利条件的持续时间和低含氧区范围决定油页岩矿床的规模;浅水油页岩沉积于湖沼环境中,富营养化和浊水藻型湖泊是沉积油页岩的前提,湖泊自身恢复和古气候调节作用导致油页岩厚度小、横纵向非均质性强;部分地质事件,缺氧、火山活动和热液、海侵,有助于提高生物生产力和形成缺氧环境,促进油页岩沉积。基于油页岩形成环境归纳,总结出深水和浅水油页岩成矿机制。进一步结合中国大陆区域构造演化,认为中国油页岩时空分布主要受控于古亚洲、特提斯和环太平洋构造域的影响。

关键词: 油页岩, 陆相盆地, 形成环境, 成矿机制, 地质事件

Abstract: In the past ten years,great progress has been made in the exploration,development and formation theory of oil shale. Based on previous research and systematic investigation,we summarized the formation environment and mineralization mechanism of continental oil shale in China. In general,the oil shale preferably forms in the atmospheric background with relatively high O₂ and low CO₂ concentration, with four main mineralization mechanisms. In the basins,the tectonic and paleoclimate control the deposit scale of oil shale,resulting in deep-water oil shale formed in balance filled environment,and shallow water oil shale in the over filled environment. The deep water oil shale was deposited in the semi-deep and deep lake environment,where the lake bottom is in the state of hypoxia to anoxia. The biological productivity is the key factor to control the quality of oil shale,and the duration of favorable conditions and the range of low oxygen area determine the scale of oil shale deposit. Shallow water oil shale was deposited in limnetic environment. Lakes with eutrophication and turbid algae are the premises of shallow water oil shale deposition. The restoration of lake itself and paleoclimate regulation result in thin thickness and strong horizontal and vertical heterogeneity of oil shale. Some geological events promoted oil shale deposition and mineralization. For example,anoxia,volcanism,hydrothermal and marine transgression events help to improve bioproductivity and form anoxic environment. Based on the analyses of oil shale forming environment,the mineralization mechanism of deep water and shallow water oil shale is summarized. Combined with the regional tectonic evolution of the China continent,the temporal and spatial distribution of oil shale in China is mainly controlled by the influence of Paleo-Asia,Tethys and Circum-Pacific tectonic domains.

Key words: oil shale, continental basin, formation environment, mineralization mechanism, geological event

中图分类号:

P618.12

刘招君, 孙平昌. 中国陆相盆地油页岩形成环境与成矿机制^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2021, 23(1): 1-17.

Liu Zhao-Jun, Sun Ping-Chang. Formation environment and mineralization mechanism of oil shale in continental basins of China[J]. JOPC, 2021, 23(1): 1-17.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2021/V23/I1/1

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