摘要： 随着含煤岩系沉积学从最初的旋回层理论到沉积模式,再到现阶段层序地层学理论的发展,中国学者已经在含煤岩系沉积学研究领域取得了显著的成果。(1)层序地层格架下基于可容空间增加速率与泥炭堆积速率之间平衡关系的厚煤层聚集模式受到重视,层序地层学提供了等时性地层单元,用于中国六大聚煤区等时性层序地层格架下岩相古地理的重建,为预测各聚煤期聚煤中心及富煤带的分布起到指导性作用。随着层序地层学理论的深入研究,煤相及沉积有机相的发育特征、研究方法以及划分方案也取得了新的进展。(2)近年来,煤系共伴生矿产已经成为当今煤地质学研究的热点问题之一,含煤盆地的煤层气、页岩气、天然气水合物、铀矿、三稀矿产、石墨等矿产资源具有重要的经济价值,部分共伴生矿产潜在的价值甚至超过煤炭本身。古地理作为研究煤系矿产资源的先决条件,与之联系密切,为这些矿产的研究和勘探提供极大的帮助。(3)煤作为泥炭地的产物和重要的沉积载体,其中蕴藏着丰富的“深时”古气候信息。以米兰科维奇旋回作为地层时间的“度量”工具,可以通过分析煤中碳的聚集速率,进而分析泥炭地的碳聚集速率、净初级生产力以及大气CO₂的变化趋势;而随着对煤中惰质组成因的重新认识,蕴含在煤中的古野火信息越来越受到重视,基于煤中惰质组的含量对地质历史中古泥炭地野火事件以及大气氧含量的估算也成为古环境研究的新方向。中国聚煤模式及聚煤古地理今后的研究需进一步加强对不同构造背景下含煤盆地的层序地层模式、各聚煤期的聚煤古地理及聚煤规律、有益煤系共伴生矿产的古地理重建、含煤岩系“深时”古气候信息以及大数据驱动下的含煤岩系古地理定量化研究等方面的探索。

关键词: 含煤岩系, 聚煤古地理, 巨厚煤层, 煤相, “, 深时”, 古气候

Abstract: The sedimentology of coal-bearing series have experienced the development from the initial “cyclothem” theory to the sedimentary model,and to the present sequence stratigraphic theory. The Chinese scholars have made a great progress in coal sedimentology. (1)The accumulation model of thick coal seams in a sequence stratigraphic framework has been put forward which mainly considers the balance between the peat accumulation rate and the growth rate of accommodation space. The sequence stratigraphy provides the isochronous stratigraphic units,which is widely used to reconstruct high-resolution isochronous lithofacies palaeogeography of the six major coal-accumulating areas in China. It provides the guidance for predicting the coal accumulation center and coal rich zone during different coal-accumulating periods. With the further study of the sequence stratigraphy theory,new progresses have been made in the development characteristics,research methods and division of coal facies and sedimentary organic facies. (2)In recent years,the associated mineral resources in coal-bearing series have become one of the hot issues in the coal geology. Coalbed methane,shale gas,natural gas hydrate,uranium,“three rare mineral diposits including rare earth,rare metal and rare-scattered elements mineral resources”,graphite and other mineral resources that have very important economic values in coal basins have attracted more attention. The potential value of some of these mineral resources even exceeds that of the coal itself. Palaeogeography,as a prerequisite,is closely related to the associated mineral resources in coal-bearing series,which is of great help to the research and exploration of these mineral resources. (3)Coal,as a product of peatland and an important sedimentary information carrier,has been used in the study of “deep time”paleoclimates. The Milankovitch theory is used as the time measurement tools to estimate the carbon accumulation rate,the net primary productivity and the variation trend of the atmospheric CO₂ based on analyzing the carbon accumulation rate of coal. With the deep understanding on the origin of inertinite in coals,more and more attention has been paid to the paleo-wildfire information contained in the coal. Based on the content of the inertinite in coal,the estimation of wildfire events in peatland and paleo-atmospheric oxygen level has become a new research direction of palaeo-environment. Future studies of coal accumulation models and palaeogeography in China will focus on the sequence stratigraphic model of coal-bearing basins in different tectonic settings,coal accumulation palaeogeography and laws during different coal accumulation periods,the palaeogeographic reconstruction of beneficial associated mineral resources in coal-bearing series,the “deep time”palaeoclimate information in coal-bearing series and quantitative study on palaeogeography of coal-bearing series by using the technology of big data.

Key words: coal-bearing series, coal accumulation palaeogeography, anomalously thick coal seam, coal facies, “deep time”, palaeoclimate

中图分类号: 

• P531