鄂尔多斯盆地长城系分布规律及其与燕辽地区长城系对比<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.087

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 1485-1499. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.087

鄂尔多斯盆地长城系分布规律及其与燕辽地区长城系对比^*

刘刚¹(), 陈亮²(), 任军峰¹, 白海峰², 季汉成³^,⁴, 陈发清³^,⁴

1 中国石油天然气股份有限公司长庆油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 陕西西安 710018
2 中国石油大学(北京)理学院, 北京 102249
3 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249
4 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 中国石油大学(北京), 北京 102249

收稿日期:2024-12-06 修回日期:2025-04-22 出版日期:2025-12-01 发布日期:2025-11-25
通讯作者: 陈亮,男,1987年生,博士,副教授,主要从事沉积学研究。E-mail: georabbit1987@hotmail.com。
作者简介:
刘刚,男,1983年生,工程师,主要研究方向为石油与天然气地质勘探。E-mail: liugang2_cq@petroChina.com.cn。
基金资助:
*中国石油大学(北京)科研基金(2462023BJR011); 中石油科技创新基金(2021D002-0102); 中国石油长庆油田分公司科研项目(2023DJ0104); 中国石油长庆油田分公司科研项目(2023YQX10105)

Distribution patterns of the Changcheng System in Ordos Basin and their comparison with Yanliao region

LIU Gang¹(), CHEN Liang²(), REN Junfeng¹, BAI Haifeng², JI Hancheng³^,⁴, CHEN Faqing³^,⁴

1 Exploration and Development Research Institute, Changqing Oilfield Company,PetroChina, Xi’an 710018, China
2 College of Science, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
3 College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
4 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

Received:2024-12-06 Revised:2025-04-22 Online:2025-12-01 Published:2025-11-25
Contact: CHEN Liang,born in 1987,is a Ph.D. and an associate professor. He is mainly engaged in sedimentology research. E-mail: georabbit1987@hotmail.com.
About author:
LIU Gang,born in 1983,is an engineer. He is mainly engaged in petroleum and natural gas geological exploration.E-mail: liugang2_cq@petroChina.com.cn.
Supported by:
Co-funded by Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(2462023BJR011); CNPC Innovation Fund(2021D002-0102); Research Project of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company(2023DJ0104); Research Project of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company(2023YQX10105)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 鄂尔多斯盆地中—新元古代受裂谷活动影响,在汝阳、鄂尔多斯及燕辽地区分别沉积长城系熊耳群和常州沟组—大红峪组,尽管前人已建立统一地层框架,但受早期复杂裂谷作用影响,区域间地层对比及内部演化规律仍存争议。通过测—录井、区域二维地震反射剖面、岩性以及年龄测试数据,对比了鄂尔多斯地区长城系内部地层关系。结果表明,中元古代的裂陷活动在汝阳地区熊耳盆地于1800 Ma开始,鄂尔多斯地区裂陷活动在其西南缘华亭地区最早开始(结束时间>1759 Ma),时间与熊耳盆地大致相当,之后裂陷活动逐渐向东迁移; 熊耳群沉积之后,裂陷活动在鄂尔多斯地区停止进入拗陷期,沉积了汝阳群白草坪组,而熊耳盆地的裂陷活动与沉积中心向东北方向迁移; 至北大尖组沉积时期,燕辽裂谷形成,开始在燕辽地区沉积常州沟组,而鄂尔多斯地区长城系沉积范围达到最广; 之后,在鄂尔多斯地区存在短期的沉积间断,在地震反射剖面中可见不整合界面; 在崔庄组与洛峪口组沉积时期开始广泛海退,沉积范围减小。结合年代地层学与地层沉积中心的演化情况,认为华北板块的地层演化受裂陷活动影响,整体上存在由华北板块南缘向太行山地区—燕辽地区的迁移过程。

关键词: 地层格架, 裂陷演化, 长城系, 燕辽地区, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

During the Meso- to Neoproterozoic,the Ordos Basin was influenced by rifting activities,leading to the deposition of the Changcheng System’s Xiong'er Group in the Ruyang and Ordos regions,and the Changzhougou to Dahongyu Formations in the Yanliao area. Although previous studies established a unified stratigraphic framework,regional stratigraphic correlations and internal evolutionary patterns remain debated due to early complex rifting. By integrating logging and coring data,regional 2D seismic reflection profiles,lithological analyses,and geochronological tests,this study clarifies the internal stratigraphic correlations of the Changcheng System in the Ordos Basin. Results show that Mesoproterozoic rifting in the Ruyang region’s Xiong'er Basin initiated at~1800 Ma,while rifting in the Ordos Basin’s southwestern Huating area began slightly later(>1759 Ma),with subsequent eastward migration of tectonic activity. After Xiong'er Group deposition,rifting ceased in the Ordos Basin,transitioning to a subsidence phase marked by the Baiyucao Formation of the Ruyang Group,whereas the Xiong'er Basin’s rifting center shifted northeastward. During Beidajian Formation deposition,the Yanliao Rift formed,initiating Changzhougou Formation sedimentation in Yanliao,while the Ordos Basin’s Changcheng System reached its maximum extent. A brief depositional hiatus,evidenced by an unconformity in seismic profiles,followed in the Ordos Basin. Widespread regression occurred during Cuizhuang and Luoyukou Formation deposition,reducing sedimentary coverage. Integrated chronostratigraphic and depositional center analyses suggest that the North China Craton’s stratigraphic evolution,driven by rifting,migrated southward from the craton’s southern margin toward the Taihang-Yanliao regions.

Key words: stratigraphic framework, rift evolution, Changcheng System, Yanliao region, Ordos Basin

中图分类号:

P534.1

刘刚, 陈亮, 任军峰, 白海峰, 季汉成, 陈发清. 鄂尔多斯盆地长城系分布规律及其与燕辽地区长城系对比^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(6): 1485-1499.

LIU Gang, CHEN Liang, REN Junfeng, BAI Haifeng, JI Hancheng, CHEN Faqing. Distribution patterns of the Changcheng System in Ordos Basin and their comparison with Yanliao region[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(6): 1485-1499.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I6/1485

图/表 15

图1 鄂尔多斯盆地构造单元区划与长城系主要剖面分布 a—中元古代华北板块位置(Zhang et al., 2012);b—鄂尔多斯盆地构造带划分与剖面位置

Fig.1 Structural units division of Ordos Basin and distribution of main outcrop of the Changcheng System

图2 华北板块不同地区长城系岩石地层单位对比年代数据来源: a—据Lu等,2003;b—据张拴宏等,2013;c—据高林志等,2009;d—据张恒等,2019;e—据苏文博等,2012;f—据Zhao等,2019;g—据汪校锋,2015;h—据Dai,2019;i—据谭聪等,2019;j—据赵太平等,2015

Fig.2 Correlation diagram of the Changcheng System lithostratigraphic units across North China Craton

图3 鄂尔多斯盆地蟠探1井熊耳群岩性特征与铀铅测年结果 a—辉绿岩,井深 5707.2 m,单偏光;b—玄武岩,井深5767 m,正交偏光;c—玄武岩,井深5767 m,正交偏光;d—辉绿岩,井深5908.78 m,岩心照片;e—玄武岩,井深5810.5 m,岩心照片;f—玄武岩,井深5811.6 m,岩心照片;g-j—铀铅测年结果。conf. 为置信区间

Fig.3 Lithology characteristics of the Xiong'er Group and U-Pb dating results from Well Pantan-1 in Ordos Basin

图4 鄂尔多斯盆地汝阳群岩性特征 a—岩屑质石英砂岩,白草坪组,蟠探1井,井深5484.57 m,正交偏光; b—岩屑质石英砂岩,白草坪组,蟠探1井,井深5484.50 m,正交偏光; c—砂砾岩,浅褐色,块状构造与冲刷面,白草坪组,蟠探1井,井深5482.46 m,岩心照片;d—岩屑质石英砂岩,北大尖组,靖探2井,井深5707.8 m,单偏光; e—岩屑质石英砂岩,北大尖组,靖探2井,井深5707.8 m,单偏光; f—砂砾岩,灰褐色,平行层理,北大尖组,杭探1井,井深3375.8 m,岩心照片;g—页岩,深黑色,页理,崔庄组,蟠探1井,井深4830.04 m,岩心照片;h—亮晶白云岩,崔庄组,蟠探1井,井深4769.3 m,正交偏光; i—亮晶白云岩,洛峪口组,蟠探1井,井深4730.3 m,单偏光

Fig.4 Lithology characteristics of the Ruyang Group in Ordos Basin

图5 鄂尔多斯盆地西部长城系解释结果(a)及地震剖面(南北向)(b)(02测线)

Fig.5 Interpretation results of the Changcheng System(a)and seismic profile(north-south orientation)(b)in western Ordos Basin(survey 02)

图6 鄂尔多斯盆地西部长城系解释结果(a)及地震剖面(南北向)(b)(04测线)

Fig.6 Interpretation results of the Changcheng System(a)and seismic profile(north-south orientation)(b)in western Ordos Basin(survey 04)

图7 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘长城系解释结果(a)及地震剖面(东西向)(b)(01测线)

Fig.7 Interpretation results of the Changcheng System(a)and seismic profile(east-west orientation)(b)in southern margin of Ordos Basin(survey 01)

图8 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘长城系解释结果(a)及地震剖面(东西向)(b)(03测线)

Fig.8 Interpretation results of the Changcheng System(a)and seismic profile(east-west orientation)(b)in southern margin of Ordos Basin(survey 03)

图9 华北板块熊耳群地层厚度(构造底图据Hu等,2016; 有修改)

Fig.9 Thickness map of the Xiong'er Group in North China Craton (tectonic map modified from Hu et al., 2016)

图10 熊耳盆地—鄂尔多斯南缘—贺兰山长城系剖面

Fig.10 Wells and outcrops correlation of the Changcheng System of Xiong'er Basin-southern Ordos Basin-Helan Mountain

图11 鄂尔多斯盆地汝阳群南北向地层剖面

Fig.11 N-S well correlation of the Ruyang Group in Ordos Basin

图12 华北板块白草坪组地层厚度(构造底图据Hu等,2016;有修改)

Fig.12 Thickness map of the Baicaoping Formation in North China Craton(tectonic map modified from Hu et al.,2016)

图13 华北板块北大尖组地层厚度(构造底图据Hu等,2016;有修改)

Fig.13 Thickness map of the Beidajian Formation in North China Craton(tectonic map modified from Hu et al., 2016)

图14 华北板块崔庄组地层厚度(构造底图据Hu等,2016;有修改)

Fig.14 Thickness map of the Cuizhuang Formation in North China Craton(tectonic map modified from Hu et al.,2016)

图15 华北板块洛峪口组地层厚度(构造底图据Hu等,2016;有修改)

Fig.15 Thickness map of the Luoyukou Formation in North China Craton(tectonic map modified from Hu et al.,2016)

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鄂尔多斯盆地长城系分布规律及其与燕辽地区长城系对比^*

Distribution patterns of the Changcheng System in Ordos Basin and their comparison with Yanliao region

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鄂尔多斯盆地长城系分布规律及其与燕辽地区长城系对比*

Distribution patterns of the Changcheng System in Ordos Basin and their comparison with Yanliao region

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鄂尔多斯盆地长城系分布规律及其与燕辽地区长城系对比^*