沉积期水下地貌对海相页岩岩相的差异控制: 以川南长宁龙马溪组为例<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2026.016

古地理学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 158-172. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.016

• 岩相古地理学及沉积学 • 上一篇下一篇

沉积期水下地貌对海相页岩岩相的差异控制: 以川南长宁龙马溪组为例^*

李启锐¹^,²(), 谭秀成¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 陈雷¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 樊琪铖⁵, 蔡景顺⁵, 汪勇⁵, 陈鑫⁶, 董建华¹^,²

1 天然气地质四川省重点实验室,西南石油大学,四川成都 610500
2 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川成都 610500
3 中国石油集团碳酸盐岩储层重点实验室西南石油大学研究分室,四川成都 610500
4 油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室,西南石油大学,四川成都 610500
5 四川长宁天然气开发有限责任公司,四川成都 610051
6 中国石油西南油气田公司页岩气研究院,四川成都 610051

收稿日期:2025-01-22 修回日期:2025-04-09 出版日期:2026-02-01 发布日期:2026-02-09
通讯作者: 陈雷,男,1985年生,教授、博士生导师,主要从事非常规油气地质研究。E-mail: cl211@126.com。
作者简介:
李启锐,男,1995年生,硕士研究生,主要从事地震沉积学和储层地质学。E-mail: li186159@163.com。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目(42372173)

Differential control of underwater palaeogeomorphology on marine shale lithofacies: a case study of the Longmaxi Formation in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

LI Qirui¹^,²(), TAN Xiucheng¹^,²^,³^,⁴, CHEN Lei¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), FAN Qicheng⁵, CAI Jingshun⁵, WANG Yong⁵, CHEN Xin⁶, DONG Jianhua¹^,²

1 Natural Gas Geology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China
2 School of Geoscience and Technology,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China
3 Research Branch of Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs,Southwest Petroleum University,CNPC,Chengdu 610500,China
4 State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China
5 Sichuan Changning Gas Development Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610051,China
6 Shale Gas Research Institute,PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Company,Chengdu 610051,China

Received:2025-01-22 Revised:2025-04-09 Online:2026-02-01 Published:2026-02-09
Contact: CHEN Lei,born in 1985,is a professor at Southwest Petroleum University. He is mainly engaged in research on unconventional petroleum geology. E-mail: cl211@126.com
About author:
About the first author LI Qirui,born in 1995,is a masteral candidate at Southwest Petroleum University. He is mainly engaged in researches on seismic sedimentology and reservoir geology. E-mail: li186159@163.com.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372173)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在奥陶纪—志留纪之交,川南地区历经全球与区域地质事件的叠加影响,水下地貌复杂,导致龙马溪组页岩沉积期的沉积环境具有差异性,进而对岩相的发育具有控制作用。以川南长宁地区龙马溪组页岩为研究对象,依托钻井、地震以及分析测试资料,深入探究了该地区龙马溪组沉积时期的水下地貌形态及其岩相发育特征。结果表明: (1)长宁地区龙马溪组沉积时期水下地貌具有隆洼相间的格局,可进一步划分为水下隆起区、斜坡区和洼陷区; (2)龙马溪组页岩岩相类型多样,储集性能差异明显,页岩岩相具有明显的“控储控气”特征,其中混合硅质页岩相(S-2)和含灰硅质页岩相(S-3)为长宁地区龙马溪组页岩的优势岩相,具有“三高”(高TOC、高孔隙度和高含气量)特征; (3)水下地貌格局对页岩岩相发育具有明显的差异控制作用,其中水下隆起区主要为混合质页岩相组合(M)和硅质页岩相组合(S),斜坡区以硅质页岩相组合(S)占主导,洼陷区以混合质页岩相组合(M)和硅质页岩相组合(S)为主,而储集性最好的混合硅质页岩相(S-2)主要分布于斜坡区及靠近水下隆起的区域。本研究对于揭示页岩岩相分布规律和预测有利岩相平面分布具有重要意义。

关键词: 古地貌, 页岩岩相, 龙马溪组, 长宁地区, 四川盆地

Abstract:

During the Ordovician-Silurian transition,the southern Sichuan Basin experienced the superposition of global and regional geological events,resulting in the complexity of its underwater topography. This complexity led to the variation of the environment during the deposition period of the Longmaxi Formation shale in this area,which in turn controlled the development of shale lithofacies. This study takes the Longmaxi Formation shale in Changning area of southern Sichuan Basin as the research object. Based on drilling wells,seismic data and various analytical test data,the underwater topography and lithofacies development characteristics during the depositional period of the Longmaxi Formation in this area were studied. The results show that: (1)The underwater topography during the depositional period of the Longmaxi Formation in Changning area has a pattern of alternating high land and depression,which can be further divided into underwater high land,slope area and depression;(2)The lithofacies types of the Longmaxi Formation shale in Changning area are diverse and the reservoir differences are obvious. The shale lithofacies have obvious “storage and gas content control” characteristics. Among them,the mixed siliceous shale lithofacies(S-2)and the calcareous siliceous shale lithofacies(S-3)are the dominant lithofacies of the Longmaxi Formation shale in Changning area,which have the “three highs”(high TOC,high porosity and high total gas content)characteristics;(3)The underwater topography pattern has an obvious differential control effect on the development of shale lithofacies. The underwater high land is mainly occupied by mixed shale lithofacies association(M)and siliceous shale lithofacies association(S),the slope area is dominated by siliceous shale lithofacies association(S),and the depression is mainly composed of mixed shale lithofacies association(M)and siliceous shale lithofacies association(S). The mixed siliceous shale lithofacies(S-2),the best lithofacies with high TOC,high gas content and high porosity,is mainly distributed in the slope area and the area close to the underwater high land. This study is of great significance for revealing the distribution law of shale lithofacies and predicting the planar distribution of favorable shale lithofacies.

Key words: palaeogeomorphology, shale lithofacies, Longmaxi Formation, Changning area, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

P618

李启锐, 谭秀成, 陈雷, 樊琪铖, 蔡景顺, 汪勇, 陈鑫, 董建华. 沉积期水下地貌对海相页岩岩相的差异控制: 以川南长宁龙马溪组为例^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2026, 28(1): 158-172.

LI Qirui, TAN Xiucheng, CHEN Lei, FAN Qicheng, CAI Jingshun, WANG Yong, CHEN Xin, DONG Jianhua. Differential control of underwater palaeogeomorphology on marine shale lithofacies: a case study of the Longmaxi Formation in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2026, 28(1): 158-172.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2026/V28/I1/158

图/表 10

图 1 川南长宁地区位置(A)及五峰组—龙马溪组地层柱状图(B)(据Tang et al., 2021)

Fig.1 Location of Changning area in southern Sichuan Basin(A)and stratigraphic column of the Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation(B)(after Tang et al., 2021)

图 2 川南长宁地区地震剖面地层解译

Fig.2 Stratigraphic interpretation of seismic sections in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

图 3 川南长宁地区梁山组底—五峰组底厚度与龙马溪组厚度(A)和龙一段厚度(B)相关性

Fig.3 Correlation between thickness of the bottom of Liangshan Formation-Wufeng Formation and that of Longmaxi Formation(A), and that of First Member of the Longmaxi Formation(B)in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

图 4 川南长宁地区龙马溪组沉积前古地貌特征及其分区(据韦国栋等,2024;有修改)

Fig.4 Pre-depositional paleogeomorphologic units and their characteristics of the Longmaxi Formation in Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin(modified from Wei et al.,2024)

图 5 川南长宁地区龙马溪组页岩岩相类型(底图据吴蓝宇等,2016) 图中代号表示的岩相分别为: C-1.灰质页岩相; C-2.混合灰质页岩相; C-3.含硅灰质页岩相; C-4.含黏土灰质页岩; M-1.含灰/硅混合质页岩相; M-2.混合质页岩相; M-3.含黏土/灰混合质页岩相; M-4.含黏土/硅混合质页岩相; S-1.硅质页岩相; S-2.混合硅质页岩相; S-3.含灰硅质页岩相; S-4.含黏土硅质页岩相; CM-1.黏土质页岩相; CM-2.混合黏土质页岩相; CM-3.含灰黏土质页岩相; CM-4.含硅黏土质页岩相

Fig.5 Lithofacies types of the Longmaxi Formation shale in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin(base map according to Wu et al., 2016)

图 6 川南长宁地区龙马溪组页岩岩相特征 A—硅质页岩相(S-1),N3井,2483.50~2483.74 m;B—混合硅质页岩相(S-2),N5井,2504.75 m;C—混合硅质页岩相(S-2),N6井,3178.58 m,单偏光; D—含灰硅质页岩相(S-3),N1井,3883.96~3884.07 m,正交光; E—含黏土硅质页岩相(S-4),纹层较发育,N5井,2491.93 m,单偏光; F—含灰/硅混合质页岩相(M-1),N5井,2511.34 m,单偏光; G—含灰/硅混合质页岩相(M-1),N4井,2562.79~2562.90 m;H—混合质页岩相(M-2),N2井,3887.76~3888.90 m,正交光; I—含黏土/硅混合质页岩相(M-4),纹层较发育,N5井,2476.71 m,正交光; J—含黏土/硅混合质页岩相(M-4),N4井,2539.23~2539.41 m

Fig.6 Characteristics of shale lithofacies of the Longmaxi Formation in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

图 7 长宁地区龙马溪组页岩岩相储集差异性对比

Fig.7 Histogram of reservoir differences of shale lithofacies of the Longmaxi Formation in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

图 8 川南长宁地区龙马溪组沉积期不同水下地貌单元页岩岩相类型 A—水下隆起区; B—斜坡区; C—洼陷区。图中代号表示的岩相类型同图5

Fig.8 Shale lithofacies types of different geomorphic units during the Longmaxi Formation depositional period in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

图 9 川南长宁地区龙马溪组沉积期不同水下地貌单元页岩岩相占比饼状图图中代号表示的岩相类型同图5

Fig.9 Pie chart of shale lithofacies proportions in different geomorphic units during the Longmaxi Formation depositional period in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

图 10 川南长宁地区龙马溪组不同小层岩相平面展布 A—龙一1亚段1小层; B—龙一1亚段2小层。图中代号表示的岩相类型同图5

Fig.10 Shale lithofacies distribution of different layers of the Longmaxi Formation in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

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沉积期水下地貌对海相页岩岩相的差异控制: 以川南长宁龙马溪组为例^*

Differential control of underwater palaeogeomorphology on marine shale lithofacies: a case study of the Longmaxi Formation in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

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沉积期水下地貌对海相页岩岩相的差异控制: 以川南长宁龙马溪组为例*

Differential control of underwater palaeogeomorphology on marine shale lithofacies: a case study of the Longmaxi Formation in Changning area,southern Sichuan Basin

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沉积期水下地貌对海相页岩岩相的差异控制: 以川南长宁龙马溪组为例^*