松辽盆地榆东地区泉头组四段特低&#x02014;超低渗储集层成岩作用与成岩相<sup>&#x0002A;</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确松辽盆地北部榆东地区白垩系泉头组四段优质储集层成因及分布,综合薄片、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、核磁共振和微米CT等多种测试,系统分析泉四段特低—超低渗储集层孔隙结构和成岩作用特征,利用多种成岩强度指标开展特低—超低渗储集层成岩相定量划分。结果表明: (1)泉四段发育5种孔隙,孔喉半径细小、孔隙结构差,属亚微米—微米孔隙和纳米—亚微米喉道组合。(2)泉四段沉积时为碱性—酸性—碱性交替的成岩环境,在泉四段内形成2期方解石沉淀、伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石等黏土矿物胶结及长石、岩屑溶蚀。(3)压实作用是破坏泉四段原生孔隙结构和物性的主要原因,造成0.8%~35.6%的孔隙损失。1500~1600 m处石英加大、伊利石胶结和1800~2000 m处方解石胶结形成的2个异常减孔带,造成0.2%~32.1%的孔隙度损失,是储集层致密化的关键; 1400~1500 m和1600~1700 m由长石和火山岩岩屑溶蚀形成0.1%~6.5%的次生溶蚀,对于储集层物性的改善具有重要意义。(4)泉四段可分为5种成岩相,中压实强溶蚀长石溶孔相和弱压实中胶结残余粒间孔相物性最好,是研究区有利储集层类型;中压实中胶结残余粒间孔相次之;强压实弱胶结杂基晶间孔相和弱压实强胶结晶间微孔相基本无储集性能。

关键词: 成岩作用, 成岩相, 特低—超低渗储集层, 泉四段, 白垩系, 松辽盆地

Abstract:

To clarify the genesis and distribution of favorable reservoir in the Member 4 of Cretaceous Quantou Formation,we integrates thin-section petrography,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),and micro-CT analyses to characterize pore structures and diagenetic processes. We also use multiple diagenetic intensity indices to classify the diagenetic facies. Key findings include: the reservoirs of the Member 4 of Quantou Formation exhibit five pore types with submicron-to-micron pores and nano-to-submicron throats,indicating poor pore structure. Alternating alkaline-acidic-alkaline diagenetic environments led to two phases of calcite cementation,clay mineral cementation(illite,chlorite,kaolinite),and dissolution of feldspar/lithic fragments. Compaction caused 0.8%~35.6% porosity loss,dominating reservoir degradation at depths <1600 m. Two porosity reduction zones were identified: quartz overgrowth and illite cementation at 1500~1600 m reduced porosity by 0.2%~32.1%,while calcite cementation at 1800~2000 m caused similar porosity destruction. In contrast,dissolution processes between 1400 m and 1700 m increased porosity by 0.1%~6.5% through leaching of feldspar and volcanic lithic fragments. We classify five diagenetic facies, with the moderate compaction-strong dissolution and weak compaction-moderate cementation types demonstrating the highest reservoir quality. The moderate compaction-moderate cementation type shows intermediate properties, whereas the strong compaction-weak cementation and weak compaction-strong cementation types are non-reservoirs.

Key words: diagenesis, diagenetic facies, extra-low and ultra-low permeability reservoir, Member 4 of Quantou Formation, Cretaceous, Songliao Basin

刘强, 张莹. 松辽盆地榆东地区泉头组四段特低—超低渗储集层成岩作用与成岩相^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(2): 499-516.

LIU Qiang, ZHANG Ying. Diagenesis and diagenetic facies of extra-low to ultra-low permeability reservoir in the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area,Songliao Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(2): 499-516.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2025/V27/I2/499

图/表 17

图1 松辽盆地榆东地区构造位置及地层综合柱状图

Fig.1 Location and comprehensive stratigraphic column of Yudong area in Songliao Basin

表1 榆东地区泉四段储集层砂岩岩石学特征

Table1 Petrology characteristic of sandstone in the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area

体积分数	碎屑颗粒组成			填隙物
体积分数	石英	长石	岩屑	泥质杂基	胶结物
分布范围/%	18.02~28.13	23.41~46.35	23.62~38.71	3.82~12.65	1.26~13.52
平均值/%	25.12	33.02	29.65	6.82	7.62

图2 榆东地区泉四段FI油层储集层岩石类型与孔隙度、渗透率关系

Fig.2 Type of sandstone and relationship between porosity and permeability of FI layer in the Member 4 of Quantou Formation

图3 榆东地区泉四段FI油层组沉积相与砂体展布

Fig.3 Sedimentary and distribution of sand body in FI layer in the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area

表2 榆东地区泉四段砂岩储集层物性特征

Table2 Reservoir quality of different kinds of sandstone in the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area

岩石类型		中粗砂岩	细砂岩	粉砂岩	泥质粉砂岩
孔隙度/%	分布范围	11.5~14.5	7.6~13.8	4.2~11.3	1.5~6.4
孔隙度/%	平均值	12.79	10.62	7.45	3.86
渗透率/10^-3μm²	分布范围	0.92~9.03	0.16~4.69	0.02~1.55	0.01~0.12
渗透率/10^-3μm²	平均值	1.92	0.96	0.79	0.49

图4 榆东地区泉四段储集空间特征
a—S18井,井深1474m,石英(Qz)颗粒间三角形、不规则残余粒间孔,(-);b—S32井,井深1462 m,残余粒间孔内充填方解石(Cal),(+);c—S21井,井深1524m,长石(Fsp)粒内溶孔,(-);d—S10井,井深1421m,岩屑(D)粒间溶孔,(-);e—S16井,井深1572m,方解石胶结物(Cal)粒间溶孔,(+);f—S20井,井深1315m,粒间溶孔,(-);g—S24井,井深1351m,次生石英(Qz)、伊利石(I)充填溶蚀孔隙,(SEM);h—S501井,井深1433m,晶间微孔隙及粒间溶孔,(SEM);i—S108井,井深1368m,溶蚀缝隙,(-)

Fig.4 Characteristic of reservoir space in the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area

图5 榆东地区泉四段储集层孔径分布

Fig.5 Distribution of pore radius in the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area

图6 榆东地区泉四段粒间体积与胶结物关系
a—粒间孔隙体积与胶结物含量关系; b—压实作用造成孔隙损失与深度关系; c—胶结作用造成孔隙损失与深度关系

Fig.6 Relationship between cement and intergranular volume in the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area

图7 榆东地区泉四段储集层成岩作用特征
a—S102井,井深1544m,石英(Qz)表面挤压破裂,(-);b—S161井,井深1523m,云母(Mi)塑性变形,(-);c—S24井,井深1425m,毛发状伊利石(I)充填粒间孔隙,(SEM);d—S37井,井深1263m,石英颗粒(Qz)表面绿泥石包膜(Chl),(-);e—S33井,井深1358m,长石(Fsp)粒内溶孔中见书页状高岭石(Kl),(SEM);f—S101井,井深1368m,石英次生加大,(Qz)(+);g—S16井,井深1452m,六方锥状自生石英(Qz),(SEM);h—S108井,井深1364m,方解石(Cal)基底式胶结,(+);i—S108井,井深1368m,早期方解石(Cal-1)发橘红色光,晚期方解石(Cal-2)发暗红色光,长石(Fsp)发蓝光,(CL);j—S111井,井深1625m,早期方解石(Cal-1)发橘红色光,晚期方解石(Cal-2)发暗红色光,(CL);k—S32井,井深1531m,长石(Fsp)溶蚀呈残骸状, (-);l—S18井,井深1402m,岩屑(D)表面蜂窝状粒内溶孔,(-)

Fig.7 Digenesis characteristic of reservoir of the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area

图8 榆东地区泉四段黏土矿物含量及储集层物性随深度变化

Fig.8 Relationship between clay content,reservoir physical properties and depth of the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area

图9 榆东地区泉四段方解石碳、氧同位素组成及与储集层物性关系
a—方解石胶结物碳、氧同位素的组成; b—方解石胶结物含量与孔隙度关系; c—方解石胶结物含量与渗透率关系

Fig.9 Composition of carbon and oxygen isotope in calcite cement,and its relationship with reservoir physical properties in the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area

图10 榆东地区泉四段储集层成岩演化序列

Fig.10 Diagenetic sequences of reservoir in the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area

图11 榆东地区泉四段储集层成岩相划分

Fig.11 Division of reservoir diagenetic facies in the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area

表3 榆东地区泉四段不同成岩相储集层物性特征

Table3 Reservoir physical properties of different kinds of diagenetic facies in the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area

成岩相类型	孔隙度/%		渗透率/10^-3μm²
成岩相类型	范围	平均值	范围	平均值
中压实强溶蚀长石溶孔成岩相	11.9~18.2	15.2	0.19~8.62	1.25
弱压实中胶结残余粒间孔成岩相	9.8~12.9	10.8	0.14~1.22	0.63
中压实中胶结残余粒间孔成岩相	5.2~10.8	8.6	0.04~0.82	0.42
强压实弱胶结杂基晶间孔成岩相	5.9~8.8	6.2	0.02~0.35	0.16
弱压实强胶结晶间微孔成岩相	5.6~8.2	4.4	0.02~0.26	0.03

图12 榆东地区泉四段FI-3小层储集层成岩相分布

Fig.12 Distribution of reservoir diagenesis facies in FI-3 layer in the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area

图13 榆东地区不同成岩相成岩作用类型和储集层物性特征
a—中压实强溶蚀长石溶孔成岩相; b—弱压实中胶结残余粒间孔成岩相; c—中压实中胶结残余粒间孔成岩相; d—强压实弱胶结杂基晶间孔成岩相; e—弱压实强胶结晶间微孔成岩相; f—不同成岩相物性特征

Fig.13 Main diagenesis and reservoir physical properties of different kinds of diagenesis facies in Yudong area

图14 榆东地区不同成岩相孔喉组合和孔隙结构特征
a—中压实强溶蚀长石溶孔成岩相; b—弱压实中胶结残余粒间孔成岩相; c—中压实中胶结残余粒间孔成岩相; d—强压实弱胶结杂基晶间孔成岩相孔; e—弱压实强胶结晶间微孔成岩相; f—不同成岩相孔隙结构特征

Fig.14 Pore types and pore structure characteristics in different kinds of diagenesis facies in Yudong area

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松辽盆地榆东地区泉头组四段特低—超低渗储集层成岩作用与成岩相^*

Diagenesis and diagenetic facies of extra-low to ultra-low permeability reservoir in the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area,Songliao Basin

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松辽盆地榆东地区泉头组四段特低—超低渗储集层成岩作用与成岩相*

Diagenesis and diagenetic facies of extra-low to ultra-low permeability reservoir in the Member 4 of Quantou Formation in Yudong area,Songliao Basin

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松辽盆地榆东地区泉头组四段特低—超低渗储集层成岩作用与成岩相^*