摘要： 地震沉积学是精细表征沉积体系时空分布特征的有效手段。本文以准噶尔盆地西北部春光探区为例,首先对白垩系的层序界面和层序展布进行了分析,建立了高分辨层序地层格架,然后综合分析地震、录井、测井、岩心以及分析化验等资料,明确了该区的沉积相类型,最后以地震沉积学思想为指导,利用地层切片等多项技术,对沉积体系进行了精细的刻画。结果表明: (1)春光探区白垩系可以划分为4个三级层序和7个四级层序。(2)白垩系发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、异重流和湖泊4种沉积相类型。(3)通过相位调整,建立了地震振幅与岩性的良好对应关系;利用分频处理、RGB属性融合和地层切片技术,精确地刻画了沉积体系的时空分布。呼图壁组沉积时期,春光探区西南角为扇三角洲,东部为辫状河三角洲和异重流沉积,在切片上可以清晰地观察到蜿蜒曲折的异重流水道及新月形的侧积复合体;胜金口组沉积时期是白垩系湖侵规模最大时期,最有利于东部异重流发育和保存,西南部扇三角洲继续继承性发育;连木沁组沉积时期,由于西南部抬升,只在东部接受沉积,发育辫状河三角洲,先前发育的异重流沉积逐渐萎缩。

关键词: 辫状河三角洲, 扇三角洲, 地震沉积学, 白垩系, 春光探区, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract: Seismic sedimentology is the effective method to depict the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of sedimentary system. Taking the Chunguang exploration area in the northwest of the Junggar Basin as an example,the sequence boundaries and their distributions were analyzed at first,and the high-resolution sequence framework was thus built. And then the sedimentary types were identified combined with seismic,mud-logging,well-logging,core and analytic data. Under the guidance of seismic sedimentology,the distribution of sedimentary systems were depicted using several techniques including stratal slicing. The results show that: (1)the Cretaceous was divided into four third-order sequences and seven fourth-order sequences in the Chunguang exploration area;(2)four types of sedimentary facies types are identified,including fan delta,braided river delta,hyperpycnal-flow deposits and lake;(3)through the phase adjustment,a good corresponding relationship between seismic amplitude and lithology is established. The frequency decomposition,RGB blending and stratal slicing techniques were carried out,and the spatial-temporal distribution of sedimentary systems in the study area was depicted precisely. During the depositional period of the Hutubi Formation,fan delta was developed in the northwest of the study area,and braided river delta and hyperpycnal-flow deposits were developed in the east,sinuous channels and lateral accretion packages can be observed from the stratal slices. The lake transgression reached the maximum during the depositional period of the Shengjinkou Formation,and it was favorable to development and preservation of hyperpycnal-flow deposits. The inherited fan delta deposits were still developed in the northwest of the study area. Due to the uplift of the northwest area,it could be only developed in the east area with braided deltas and gradually decreased hyperpycnal-flow deposits during the depositional period of the Lianmuqin Formation.

Key words: braided river delta, fan delta, seismic sedimentology, Cretaceous, Chunguang exploration area, Junggar Basin

中图分类号: 

• P618.13