富磷矿三阶段动态成矿模式:黔中开阳式高品位磷矿成矿机制<sup>&#x0002A;</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2019.02.020

古地理学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (2): 351-368. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2019.02.020

富磷矿三阶段动态成矿模式:黔中开阳式高品位磷矿成矿机制^*

张亚冠¹, 杜远生¹, 陈国勇², 刘建中², 陈庆刚³, 赵征⁴, 王泽鹏³, 邓超⁵

1 中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院,湖北武汉 430074;
2 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局,贵州贵阳 550004;
3 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局105地质大队,贵州贵阳 550018;
4 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局104地质大队,贵州都匀 558000;
5 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局115地质大队,贵州清镇 551400

收稿日期:2018-11-02 出版日期:2019-04-01 发布日期:2019-04-10
通讯作者: 杜远生,男,1958年生,中国地质大学(武汉)教授、博士生导师,主要从事沉积地质学研究。E-mail: duyuansheng126@126.com。
作者简介:张亚冠,男,1990年生,中国地质大学(武汉)博士研究生,沉积地质学专业。E-mail: zyg1000800@sina.cn。
基金资助:
贵州省地质矿产开发局项目(编号:黔地矿办发[2013]56号)和国家自然科学基金委员会—贵州省人民政府喀斯特科学研究中心项目联合资助

Three stages dynamic mineralization model of the phosphate-rich deposits: Mineralization mechanism of the Kaiyang-type high-grade phosphorite in central Guizhou Province

Zhang Ya-Guan¹, Du Yuan-Sheng¹, Chen Guo-Yong², Liu Jian-Zhong², Chen Qing-Gang³, Zhao Zheng⁴, Wang Ze-Peng³, Deng Chao⁵

1 School of Earth Scinces,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;
2 Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550004,China;
3 Geological Brigade 105,Brueau of Geology and Mineral Exploration Development of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550018,China;
4 Geological Brigade 104,Brueau of Geology and Mineral Exploration Development of Guizhou Province,Duyun 558000,China;
5 Geological Brigade 115,Brueau of Geology and Mineral Exploration Development of Guizhou Province,Qingzhen 551400,China

Received:2018-11-02 Online:2019-04-01 Published:2019-04-10
Contact: Du Yuan-Sheng,born in 1958,is a professor and Ph.D. supervisor of China University of Geosciences(Wuhan). He is mainly engaged in the research on sedimentary geology. E-mail: duyuansheng126@126.com.
About author:Zhang Ya-Guan,born in 1990,is a Ph.D. candidate of China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), and his major is sedimentary geology. E-mail: zyg1000800@sina.cn.
Supported by:
Co-funded by the Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Guizhou Province(No.[2013]56)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China-The People's Government of Guizhou Province Karst Scientific Research Center

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 震旦系陡山沱组沉积期形成的黔中开阳、瓮安富磷矿沉积区,矿石产量大、品位高,是国内外重要的磷矿资源产区。黔中磷矿主要分布于黔中古陆周缘的滨浅海环境中,矿石类型以碎屑状磷块岩为主,间夹原生泥晶磷块岩、生物结构磷块岩和次生土状结构磷块岩。开阳式高品位磷块岩的动态沉积成矿过程通常为“三阶段成矿”: 第一阶段为初始成磷作用阶段,在新元古代大规模成磷背景下,上升洋流携带深部富磷海水进入滨浅海地区,并通过生物化学作用使磷质聚集并形成原生磷块岩沉积;第二阶段为簸选成矿作用阶段,高能波浪、风暴水流对原生磷块岩持续的破碎、磨蚀、搬运和再沉积过程中,簸选去除了原生沉积物中的陆源细碎屑、砂泥质成分,保留并聚集磷质碎屑颗粒,形成品位较高的碎屑状矿石;第三阶段为淋滤作用阶段,海平面升降变化使之前形成矿石受暴露事件影响,遭受强烈的风化淋滤作用,碎屑状磷矿石内的碳酸盐岩胶结物和白云石条带被淋滤运移,导致矿层发育大量溶蚀孔洞,甚至形成土状磷块岩,矿石品位再次得到大幅度提升。三阶段成矿作用随古地理条件和海平面变化在沉积成岩过程中多期次、动态进行,最终形成工业价值极高的磷矿石。

关键词: 黔中, 震旦纪, 陡山沱组, 开阳式磷矿, 三阶段成矿

Abstract: The Kaiyang and Weng'an phosphate-rich depositional district that developed in central Guizhou Province during the depositional period of Sinian Doushantuo Formation has high ore yield and P₂O₅ grade and is the phosphorite one of the most important phosphate resources region in the world. The phosphorites deposits of central Guizhou Province developed along the shallow-water margin of Qianzhong Oldland. These phosphatic beds are predominantly composed of reworked clastic phosphorites interbedded by pristine phosphatic marls,biogenetic phosphorite and diagenetic unconsolidated phosphorite. The dynamic sedimentary and mineralization process of the Kaiyang-type high-grade phosphorite could be called three stages mineralization process. The first stage is the pristine phosphogenesis: Upwelling of the bottom waters might have brought P-enriched waters to the shallow photic zone,stimulating the supersaturation of phosphate in seawater through the bio-chemical dynamism and then the precipitation of francolite. The second stage is the winnowing and reworked process: The syndepositional wave- and storm-induced erosion,winnowing and reworking continuously restructured pristine phosphatic facies and removed the lighter terrigenous grains,forming assemblages of economic granular phosphorites. The last stage is the exposing and leaching process: The exposure event caused by the sea-level fall led to weathering and leaching of phosphatic successions,the slightly acidic meteoric water dissolved carbonate minerals and created carbonate-rich solutions which travelled through subsurface drainage,resulting in secondary enrichment of phosphate. The three stages mineralization process regulated by the palaeogeography and frequent sea-level changes dynamically and repeatedly worked on the phosphate deposits,finally forming the high-grade and economically significant phosphate ores.

Key words: central Guizhou Province, Sinian, Doushantuo Formation, Kaiyang-type phosphorite, three stages mineralization

中图分类号:

P691.21+3

张亚冠, 杜远生, 陈国勇, 刘建中, 陈庆刚, 赵征, 王泽鹏, 邓超. 富磷矿三阶段动态成矿模式:黔中开阳式高品位磷矿成矿机制^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2019, 21(2): 351-368.

Zhang Ya-Guan, Du Yuan-Sheng, Chen Guo-Yong, Liu Jian-Zhong, Chen Qing-Gang, Zhao Zheng, Wang Ze-Peng, Deng Chao. Three stages dynamic mineralization model of the phosphate-rich deposits: Mineralization mechanism of the Kaiyang-type high-grade phosphorite in central Guizhou Province[J]. JOPC, 2019, 21(2): 351-368.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2019/V21/I2/351

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[54] Vernhet E.2007. Paleobathymetric influence on the development of the late Ediacaran Yangtze platform(Hubei,Hunan,and Guizhou Provinces,China). Sedimentary Geology, 197(1-2): 29-46.
[55] Vernhet E,Reijmer J J G.2010. Sedimentary evolution of the Ediacaran Yangtze platform shelf(Hubei and Hunan Provinces,Central China). Sedimentary Geology, 225(3-4): 99-115.
[56] Vernhet E,Heubeck C,Zhu M Y,Zhang J M.2006. Large-scale slope instability at the southern margin of the Ediacaran Yangtze platform(Hunan Province,central China). Precambrian Research, 148(1-2): 32-44.
[57] Zhu M Y,Zhang J M,Yang A H.2007. Integrated Ediacaran(Sinian)chronostratigraphy of South China. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 254(1-2): 7-61.
[58] Zhu M Y,Lu M,Zhang J M,Zhao F C,Li G X,Yang A H,Zhao X,Zhao M J.2013. Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and sedimentary facies evolution of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in western Hubei,South China. Precambrian Research, 225: 7-28.

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富磷矿三阶段动态成矿模式:黔中开阳式高品位磷矿成矿机制^*

Three stages dynamic mineralization model of the phosphate-rich deposits: Mineralization mechanism of the Kaiyang-type high-grade phosphorite in central Guizhou Province

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富磷矿三阶段动态成矿模式:黔中开阳式高品位磷矿成矿机制*

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富磷矿三阶段动态成矿模式:黔中开阳式高品位磷矿成矿机制^*