古地理学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (4): 615-630. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2016.04.046

• 岩相古地理学及沉积学 • 上一篇    下一篇

陆相湖盆三角洲—滩坝复合砂体分布模式及编图方法*

纪友亮1, 2, 刘君龙1, 2, 王天云1, 2, 刘大卫1, 2, 程同冉1, 2   

  1. 1 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249;
    2 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京 102249
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-24 出版日期:2016-08-01 发布日期:2016-08-01
  • 通讯作者: 刘君龙,男,1988年生,博士研究生,主要从事沉积学和层序地层学研究。E-mail: jl_liu2007@sina.cn。
  • 作者简介:纪友亮,男,1962年生,博士,中国石油大学(北京)教授,主要从事石油地质学、沉积学和层序地层学研究。E-mail: jiyouliang@cup.edu.cn。 通讯作者简介 刘君龙,男,1988年生,博士研究生,主要从事沉积学和层序地层学研究。E-mail: jl_liu2007@sina.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41272157),中国石油科技创新基金项目(编号:2014D-5006-0101),中国石油大学(北京)科研基金项目(编号:2462013YJRC038,2462015YQ0108)和国家科技重大专项(编号:2011ZX05003-002)联合资助; [Co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No; 41272157),the CNPC Innovation Foundation(No.2014D-5006-0101),the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(Nos.2462013YJRC038,2462015YQ0108)and the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2011ZX05003-002)]

Distributing pattern and mapping method of delta and beach ̄bar composite sand-bodies in continental lacustrine basin

Ji Youliang1, 2, Liu Junlong1, 2, Wang Tianyun1, 2, Liu Dawei1, 2, Cheng Tongran1, 2   

  1. 1 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249;
    2 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249;
  • Received:2016-03-24 Online:2016-08-01 Published:2016-08-01
  • Contact: Liu Junlong,born in 1988,is a Ph.D. candidate of China University of Petroleum(Beijing). He is mainly engaged in sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy. E-mail: jl_liu2007@sina.cn.
  • About author:Ji Youliang,born in 1962,is a professor of China University of Petroleum(Beijing). He is mainly engaged in petroleum geology,sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy. E-mail: jiyouliang@cup.edu.cn.About the corresponding author Liu Junlong,born in 1988,is a Ph.D. candidate of China University of Petroleum(Beijing). He is mainly engaged in sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy. E-mail: jl_liu2007@sina.cn.

摘要: 陆相湖盆与海洋环境不同,具有水体浅、能量弱、湖进湖退频繁等特点。综合应用高精度层序地层学和地震沉积学等关键技术,通过中国东部及中西部典型陆相湖盆的勘探实践、野外露头解剖和现代沉积考察,总结了陆相湖盆三角洲—滩坝复合砂体的分布模式,并提出了复合砂体地质编图法。研究结果表明:(1)陆相湖盆的“湖—陆过渡沉积体系”不仅发育分流河道,还发育河口坝和沿岸砂坝,这些不同时期的分流河道、河口坝和沿岸砂坝交织叠加在一起,在古代地层和现代沉积中得以保存;(2)地形平坦处,水体浅、波浪作用不强、河流作用为主,形成河道砂体;湖岸较陡处,波浪作用强,分流河道砂体被波浪改造,形成沿湖岸分布的滩坝砂体;(3)在高频湖平面变化背景下,岸线的迁移导致沉积坡折的迁移,形成了多期垂直于岸线分布的树枝状三角洲分流河道砂体,和多期平行于岸线呈带状分布的沿岸滩坝砂体相互交织的陆相湖盆三角洲—滩坝复合砂体的特殊结构;(4)复合砂体地质编图法基于传统单因素法,以复合砂体分布模式为指导,主要针对发育在水体较浅、地形平坦开阔背景下的陆相湖盆三角洲—滩坝砂体。

关键词: 陆相湖盆, 三角洲, 滩坝, 砂体叠置模式, 控制因素, 编图方法

Abstract: The continental lacustrine basin, which is different from marine environment, has the characteristics of shallow ̄water, low ̄energy, frequent progression and regression, etc. Based on key technologies of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and seismic sedimentology, combined with the exploration practice, analysis of outcrops and investigation of modern sediments of the typical continental lacustrine basins in eastern and central ̄western regions of China, we summarized the distribution pattern of delta and beach ̄bar composite sand ̄bodies in the continental lacustrine basin and proposed the geological mapping method of composite sand-bodies. The results show that: (1) The “lacustrine ̄continental transitional sedimentary system” in continental lacustrine basins, not only has tributary channels, but also has channel mouth bars and longshore bars, sediments of tributary channels, channel ̄mouth bars and longshore bars in different geological times were superimposed and preserved in ancient strata and modern sediments; (2) In the condition of flat ̄terrain, shallow ̄water and low ̄energy wave regime, the fluvial process is predominated and channel sand ̄bodies were formed; in the condition of steep ̄terrain and high ̄energy wave regime, the sand ̄bodies of tributary channel were reformed and the beach ̄bar sand ̄bodies along the lake shore were formed; (3) In the background of high frequent lake level changes, the migration of sedimentary slop ̄break was dominated by the migration of shoreline, and the special structure of composite delta and beach ̄bar sand ̄bodies, which were superposed by the multi ̄period dendritic distributary channel sand ̄bodies perpendicular to the coast, and the multi ̄period banding beach ̄bar sand ̄bodies along the shore in continental lacustrine basin, was formed; (4) Based on the distribution pattern of composite sand-bodies, the geological mapping method of composite sand ̄bodies is derived from traditional single factor method, and it mainly focused on the delta and beach ̄bar sand ̄bodies that developed in continental lacustrine basins with shallow water and low slope.

Key words: continental lacustrine basin, delta, beach ̄bar, superposed pattern of sand-bodies, controling factors, mapping method

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