早成岩期喀斯特化研究新进展及意义

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2015.04.037

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于四川盆地多个层位的、不同岩相的碳酸盐岩具有差异岩溶特征的发现与思考,结合当今国外有关碳酸盐岩早成岩期喀斯特化研究进展的调研,进行了简单的梳理与归纳。(1)喀斯特物质基础可分为孔渗性较好的早成岩期岩石与致密的晚成岩期岩石2类。它们分别以基质粒间孔和裂缝作为岩溶水的输导介质,形成所谓的非受限管道与受限管道,从而控制了不同成岩期岩石的喀斯特形态特征,并强调不同成岩期碳酸盐岩孔渗性控制喀斯特缝洞发育模式。(2)重视不同地理环境对喀斯特化的影响,按地理环境可以分为岛屿、海岸型喀斯特和大陆型喀斯特2类:前者主要以与大气淡水透镜体相关的化学溶蚀为主,发育极具识别意义的侧翼边缘溶洞,但其影响是局部性的;后者以地表、地下河流的机械侵蚀为主,地下暗河沉积发育,其影响是区域性的。(3)重点关注目前国内涉及较少的早成岩期喀斯特的宏观与微观特征、判识标志以及溶蚀机理等研究成果。最后,结合四川盆地古生界多个层位类似早成岩期喀斯特的发现与识别,分析总结早成岩期喀斯特型储集层发育及分布特征,以期今后对类似喀斯特现象的发现、识别以及相关储集层的勘探提供参考与借鉴。

关键词: 喀斯特, 控制因素, 地理环境, 溶蚀机理, 识别标志

Abstract:

Based on the discovery of the karst differentiations of several carbonate layers with different lithofacies in Sichuan Basin,present research advance of eogenetic karstification abroad is collected and collated in this paper.(1)The karst host rocks can be divided into two types,namely eogenetic rock with high porosity-permeability and telogenetic rock with low porosity-permeability or with even totally compacted. The two type rocks mainly use the intergranular pores and the fracture for karst water transferring,respectively,and accordingly the so-called unconfined conduit and confined conduit develop. The whole process dominates the karst morphology of carbonate rocks during different diagenetic periods. It can be concluded that the porosity and permeability of carbonate rocks in different diagenetic periods control the development model of karst fissure and cave.(2)More attention should be given to the impact on the karstification by the geographical settings. The karstification type can be divided into island- and coastal-typed and continental typed. The former is mainly related to chemical dissolution associated with meteoroic lens,developing flank margin caves which can be regarded as identification marks for island- and coastal-typed karst,but with minor influence on the whole. The latter,on the contrast,mechanically interacts with underground and surface water,with mass underground river deposition and large influence on the range and depth.(3)We follow with interest of the related latest achievements for eogenetic karst investigation,such as the macro- and micro-characteristics,identification marks,and dissolution mechanism of eogenetic karstification,which poorly reported domestically. Finally,for multiple carbonate layers found in Paleozoic are pervasively featured by likely eogenetic karst in Sichuan Basin,it analyzes and concludes the development and distribution characteristics of eogenetic karst reservoir. The results may offer reference for the discovery,recognition for the similar karst,and also the exploration of related reservoir in future.

Key words: karst, controlling factor, geographical setting, dissolution mechanism, identification mark

中图分类号:

P588.24＋5

谭秀成, 肖笛, 陈景山, 李凌, 刘宏. 早成岩期喀斯特化研究新进展及意义[J]. 古地理学报, 2015, 17(4): 441-456.

Tan Xiucheng, Xiao Di, Chen Jingshan, Li Ling, Liu Hong. New advance and enlightenment of eogenetic karstification[J]. JOPC, 2015, 17(4): 441-456.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2015/V17/I4/441

参考文献

陈景山,李忠,王振宇,等. 2007. 塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶作用与储集层分布[J]. 沉积学报,25(6):858-868.
陈轩,赵文智,张利萍,等. 2012. 川中地区中二叠统构造热液白云岩的发现及其勘探意义[J]. 石油学报,33(4):562-569.
陈学时,易万霞,卢文忠. 2004. 中国油气田古岩溶与油气储集层[J]. 沉积学报,22(2):245-247.
李凤杰,陈荣林. 2008. 四川盆地东北地区中—下二叠统层序地层特征研究[J]. 石油实验地质,30(5):472-477.
刘宏,罗思聪,谭秀成,等. 2015. 四川盆地灯影组古岩溶地貌恢复及地质意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发,42(3):283-293.
金民东,曾伟,谭秀成,等. 2014. 四川盆地磨溪—高石梯地区龙王庙组深埋优质滩控岩溶型储集层特征及控制因素[J]. 石油勘探与开发,41(6):650-660.
罗冰,谭秀成,李凌,等. 2010. 蜀南地区长兴组顶部岩溶不整合的发现及其油气地质意义[J]. 石油学报,31(3):408-414.
戎昆方,戎庆,刘志宇. 2009. 研究岩溶的新观点:以贵州独山南部织金洞为例[M]. 北京:地质出版社.
舒晓辉,张军涛,李国蓉. 2012. 四川盆地北部栖霞组—茅口组热液白云岩特征与成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质,33(3):442-458.
肖笛,谭秀成,山述娇,等. 2014. 四川盆地南部中二叠统茅口组古岩溶地貌恢复及其石油地质意义[J]. 地质学报,88(10):1992-2002.
张宝民,刘静江. 2009. 中国岩溶储集层分类与特征及相关的理论问题[J]. 石油勘探与开发,36(1):12-28.
张兵,郑荣才,王绪本,等. 2011. 四川盆地东部黄龙组古岩溶特征与储集层分布[J]. 石油勘探与开发,38(3):257-267.
朱学稳,陈伟海. 2006. 中国的喀斯特天坑[J]. 中国岩溶,25(增刊):7-24.
Baceta J Ⅰ,Wright V P,Beavington-Penney S J, et al. 2007. Palaeohydrogeological control of palaeokarst macro-porosity genesis during a major sea-level lowstand:Danian of the Urbasa-Andia plateau,Navarra,North Spain[J]. Sedimentary Geology,199:141-169.
Beddows P A. 2004. Groundwater hydrology of a coastal conduit carbonate aquifer:Caribbean coast of the Yucatan peninsula,Mexico[D]. University of Bristol,UK:303.
Bgli A. 1980. Karst Hydrology and Physical Speleology[M]. New York:Springer-Verlag,284.
Bosk P. 2003. Karst processes from the beginning to the end:How can they be dated[J]. Speleogenesis and Evolution of Karst Aquifers,1(3):1-24.
Cunningham K J,Florea L J. 2009. The Biscayne Aquifer of Southeastern Florida[J]. Caves and Karst of America:196-199.
Cunningham K J,Sukop M C,Huang H B, et al. 2009. Prominence of ichnologically influenced macroporosity in the karst Biscayne aquifer:Stratiform “super-K”zones[J]. GSA Bulletin,121(1/2):164-180.
Esteban M. 1991. Palaeokarst:Practical Applications[A]. In:Wright V P,Esteban M,Smart P L(eds).Palaeokarsts and Palaeokarstic Reservoirs[C]. P.R.I.S. Occassional Publication Series 2: 89-119.
Fish J,Stewart M T. 1991. Hydrogeology of the surficial aquifer system,Dade County Florida[R]. US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4108:50.
Florea L J,Vacher H L. 2006. Springflow Hydrographs:Eogenetic vs.Telogenetic Karst[J]. Ground Water,44(3):352-361.
Grasso D A,Jeannin P Y. 2002. A global experimental system approach of karst springs hydrographs and chemographs[J]. Ground Water,40:608-617.
Grasso D A,Jeannin P Y,Zwahlen F. 2003. A deterministic approach to the coupled analysis of karst springs' hydrographs and chemographs[J]. Journal of Hydrology,271:65-76.
Grimes K G. 2006. Syngenetic karst in Australia:A review[J]. Helictite,39(2):27-38.
James N P,Choquette P W. 1988. Paleokarst[M]. New York:Springer-Verlag.
Jennings J N. 1968. Syngenetic karst in Australia:Contributions to the study of karst[J]. Department of Geography Publication,Australian National University,5:41-110.
Lace M J,Mylroie J E. 2013. Coastal Karst Landforms[M]. Dordrecht-Heidelberg-New York-London:Springer.
Loucks R G. 1999. Origin and attributes of Paleocave carbonate reservoirs(in Karst modeling;proceedings of the symposium)[J]. Karst Waters Institute Special Publication,5:59-64.
Loucks R G. 2009. Origins of reservoir heterogeneity in paleokarst reservoirs;key to understanding production[R]. Bureau of Economic Geology Centennial Lecture Program:12-15.
Martin J M,Screaton E J,Martin J B. 2006. Monitoring well responses to karst conduit head fluctuations:Implications for fluid exchange and matrix transmissivity in the Floridan aquifer[A]. In:Wicks C M,Harmon R S(eds.).Prespectives on Karst Geomorphology,Hydrology and Geochemistry:A Tribute Volume to Derek C F and William B W[C]. Geological Society of America,Boulder,Colorado:209-217.
Meyers W J. 1988. Paleokarstic features on Mississippian limestone,New Mexico[A]. In:James N P,Choquette P W (eds).Paleokarst[C]. New York:Springer-Verlag,306-328.
Moore C H,Wade W J. 2013. Carbonate reservoirs:Porosity and Diagenesis in a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework[M]. Oxford:Elsevier,173.
Moore P J,Martin J B,Screaton E J, et al. 2010. Conduit enlargement in an eogenetic karst aquifer[J]. Journal of Hydrology,393:143-155.
Mylroie J E,Carew J L. 1990. The flank margin model for dissolution cave development in carbonate platforms[J]. Earth Surf. Processes and Landforms,15:413-424.
Mylroie J E,Carew J L. 1995. Karst development on carbonate islands[A]. In:Budd D A,Saller A H,Harris P M(eds.).Unconformities and Porosity in Carbonate Strata[C]. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Mem.,63:55-76.
Mylroie J E,Carew J L. 1997. Land use and carbonate island karst[A]. In:Beck B F,Stephenson J B(eds).The engineering geology and hydrogeology of karst terranes[C]. A.A.Balkema,Brookfield:3-12.
Mylroie J E,Carew J L. 2000. Speleogenesis in coastal and oceanic settings[A]. In:Klimchouk A B,Ford D C,Palmer A N(eds).Speleogenesis:Evolution of Karst Aquifers[C]. Huntsville,Alabama,National Speleological Society:226-233.
Mylroie J E,Mylrioe J R,Nelson C S. 2008. Flank margin cave development in telogenetic limestones of New Zealand[J]. ACTA CARSOLOGICA,37(1):15-40.
Palmer A N. 1991. Origin and morphology of limestone caves[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,103:1-25.
Plummer L N. 1975. Mixing of sea water with calcium carbonate ground water[A]. In:Whitten E H T(ed).Quantitative Studies in Geological sciences[C]. Geological Society of America Memoir,142:219-236.
Smart P L,Beddows P A,Coke J, et al. 2006. Cave development on the Caribbean coast of the Yucatan Peninsula,Quintana Roo,Mexico[A]. In:Harmon R S,Wicks C(eds).Perspectives on Karst Geomorphology,Hydrology,and Geochemistry[C]. Geological Society of America Special Paper,404:105-128.
Smart P L,Dawans J M,Whitaker F. 1988a. Carbonate dissolution in a modern mixing zone[J]. Nature,335:811-813.
Smart P L,Palmer R J,Whitaker F, et al. 1988b. Neptunian dykes and fissure fills:An overview and account of some modern examples[A]. In:James N P,Choquette P W(eds).Paleokarst[C]. New York:Springer.149-163.
Socki R A,Perry E C,Romaneck C S. 2002. Stable isotope systematics of two cenotes from the northern Yucatan Peninsula,Mexico[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,47:1808-1818.
Stoessel R K,Moore Y H,Coke J G. 1993. The occurrence and effect of sulphate reduction and sulphide oxidation on coastal limestone dissolution in Yucatan cenotes[J]. Ground Water,31:566-575.
Vacher H L,Mylroie J E. 2002. Eogenetic karst from the perspective of an equivalent porous medium[J]. Carbonates and Evaporites,17(2):182-196.
Whitaker F,Smart P L. 1997. Groundwater circulation and geochemistry of a karstified bank-marginal fracture system,South Andros Island,Bahamas[J]. Hydrology,197:293-315.
Whitaker F,Smart P L. 1998. Hydrology,geochemistry and diagenesis of fracture blue holes,South Andros,Bahamas[J]. Cave and Cave Res,25:75-82.

[1]	谢爽慧, 朱筱敏, 叶蕾, 黄捍东. 湖盆浅水三角洲河道砂体定量表征与控制因素探究及霸县凹陷实例^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(2): 446-467.
[2]	孟庆涛, 张训, 杨亮, 高家俊, 刘招君, 胡菲, 邢济麟, 张成铭, 康嘉楠, 崔博, 董秦玮, 张恩威. 陆相拗陷湖盆细粒沉积有机质富集机制研究: 以松辽盆地长岭凹陷青山口组为例^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2024, 26(2): 401-415.
[3]	彭子霄, 于兴河, 李顺利, 齐荣, 付超, 姜龙燕. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部本溪组障壁迁移样式及控制因素^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2023, 25(6): 1330-1346.
[4]	焦国华, 张卫平, 谢利华, 王军, 周晋科, 汪云海. 准噶尔盆地南部下侏罗统三工河组沉积体系及其控制因素^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2023, 25(3): 628-647.
[5]	毕明威, 孙娇鹏, 陈世悦, 周兆华, 张满郎, 钱爱华. 多尺度河流相致密砂岩储集层表征及控制因素分析:以苏里格气田下石盒子组8段为例^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2023, 25(3): 684-700.
[6]	崔航, 朱世发, 施振生, 孙莎莎, 昌燕, 索义虎. 川北侏罗系大安寨段湖相混积层系沉积特征与发育模式^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2022, 24(6): 1099-1113.
[7]	李妲, 贺西同, 邢智峰, 齐永安, 郑伟, 付建. 豫西苗岭统馒头组二段皱饰构造与遗迹化石共生特征^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2022, 24(6): 1162-1178.
[8]	黄建松, 郑杰, 宋翔, 刘磊, 易刚, 杨萍. 鄂尔多斯盆地北岔沟砂岩沉积特征及其对天然气成藏的控制作用^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2022, 24(4): 680-696.
[9]	邱隆伟, 李欣, 杨勇强, 董道涛, 伏健, 文旭, Danish Khan. 湖泊碎屑岩沙坝成因机制及构型表征研究进展^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2022, 24(2): 191-209.
[10]	李智高, 丁琳, 李小平, 吴宇翔, 李潇, 郭伟, 向巧维. 珠江口盆地珠一坳陷西部中新世早-中期沉积特征及控制因素^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2022, 24(1): 99-111.
[11]	陈宇航, 姚根顺, 邵大力, 鲁银涛, 吕福亮, 曹全斌, 唐鹏程, 李仕芳. 坦桑尼亚滨海盆地陆坡峡谷沉积特征及其控制因素^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2021, 23(6): 1158-1173.
[12]	徐哲航, 兰才俊, 郝芳, 陈浩如, 杨伟强, 马肖琳, 邹华耀. 四川盆地震旦系灯影组不同古地理环境下丘滩储集体的差异性^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2020, 22(2): 235-250.
[13]	白立科, 邱隆伟, 杨勇强, 杜双虎, 杨保良, 韩晓彤. 山东峡山湖东岸现代滩坝沉积模式及控制因素^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2020, 22(2): 278-294.
[14]	郭笑, 李华, 梁建设, 邱春光, 解东宁, 冯鑫, 饶溯, 何幼斌. 坦桑尼亚盆地渐新统深水重力流沉积特征及控制因素^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2019, 21(6): 971-982.
[15]	钟大康, 苏琛, 杨喆, 贾晓兰. 内蒙古二连盆地白音查干凹陷下白垩统腾格尔组热水沉积过程中矿物沉淀顺序及其控制因素^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2019, 21(5): 695-708.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容