摘要： 使用历史方志资料，根据台风发生时风雨潮洪的特点和文献记录中对它们的文字描述，建立了台风天气灾害现象筛选词语表，提取了台风相关信息，建立了长江三角洲地区公元1644—1949年历史台风灾害数据库。通过对现代台风过程中天气现象和可能造成灾害特征的分析，从历史台风描述词语、风雨潮现象发生的时间和空间特征、台风灾害链、风雨持续时间、台风风向、地形等方面制定了辨识历史台风的4条直接判别准则和6条辅助辨识依据，逐年辨识台风事件。与器测资料相对比，检验了历史台风事件重建的结果，公元1884—1949年间共重建出65次台风事件，相当于器测数的87.8％，两者相差1次以下的年数为55 a，占83.3％，说明利用方志资料重建台风频次序列的可靠性，为重建历史台风频次序列提供了方法支持，对研究长时间台风活动与气候变化的关系具有科学意义。

关键词: 方志, 历史台风, 长江三角洲地区

Abstract: Based on the characteristics of strong winds，heavy rains，tidal surge，and floods associated with the process of typhoon and related descriptions in chorographies, a table of description for identifying historical typhoon disasters was made. Information on historical typhoon from historical chorographies was extracted from the table，and the Historical Typhoon Database in 1644-1949 AD in the Yangtze River Delta area was made.Referring to knowledge about modern typhoon，the criteria for identifying historical typhoon including 4 direct standards and 6 assisted evidences was confirmed in terms of words about historical typhoon，typhoon weather phenomenon，typhoon disaster chains，surge situations，storms duration，winds direction，terrain. According to the historical chorographies in 1884-1949 AD， typhoon activities occurred 65 times，which equal to 87.8％ of the frequency of meteorological observation.The number of year with the frequency difference in typhoon activities reconstructed by two ways smaller than one is 55 and totals 83.3％.It means that the series of historical typhoon based on historical chorographies is reliable. This research could suggest a method for reconstructing the series of historical typhoon frequency, and is very useful for the research on long-term typhoon activities under the background of climate change.

Key words: chorographies, historical typhoon, Yangtze River Delta area

中图分类号: 

• P532