生物气研究现状与勘探前景<sup>&#x0002A;</sup>

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 综合论述了生物气的特征及其研究进展,着重探讨了生物气成因、地球化学特征、勘探研究现状、生物气形成机制和控制因素,并介绍了生物气系统概念和特征,最后叙述了生物气藏的分布和我国生物气藏的远景。生物气是在还原环境的生物化学作用带内有机质为厌氧微生物所分解的最终产物,它以甲烷为主,并合部分二氧化碳及少量氦气和其它微量气体组分,生物甲烷气 δ¹³C₁值一般小于-55‰。生物甲烷气的形成途径主要有乙酸发酵和 CO₂还原2种类型。生物气生成与其所处的沉积环境、古气候、有机质的类型和丰度、水介质性质、地质作用、沉积时间等众多因素密切相关。生物气埋藏浅,分布广泛,一般存在于三角洲、大陆架和部分陆相沉积环境中,储层时代主要为白垩纪、古近纪、新近纪和第四纪。白垩纪的储量最丰富,古近纪、新近纪次之,第四纪生物气藏的规模一般较小。我国生物气勘探研究历史虽然不长,但生物气资源量丰富,具有良好的勘探前景。

关键词: 生物气, 成因与特点, 研究进展, 前景

Abstract: This paper summarizes the characteristics and research progress of biogenic gas, with an emphasis on the genesis, geochemical characteristics, exploration and research status, formation mechanism and controlling factors of biogenic gas. It introduces the concept and characteristics of the biogenic gas system, and finally describes the distribution of biogenic gas pools and prospectivity of biogenic gas in China. Biogenic gas is the final product of the degradation of organic matter by anaerobic microorganisms in the biochemical process zone of deoxidization environment. It mainly consists of methane, and also contains some carbon dioxide and tiny amounts of nitrogen and other trace gases. The δ¹³C₁ values for the biogenic methane gas are generally lower than -55‰. Biogenic methane gas mainly results from acetate fermentation and carbon dioxide reduction. Formation of the biogenic gas is affinitive with depositional environment, paleoclimate, types and abundance of organic matter, water medium’s characteristics, geological process and depositional time Biogenic gas is shallowly buried and widely distributed. Biogenic gas pools are developed in delta, continental shelf and continental depositional environments. The geological ages of reservoirs are Cretaceous, Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary. In terms of reserves, the Cretaceous is the most important and followed by the Paleogene and the Neogene. The Quaternary biogenic gas pools are generally of small sizes Exploration and study history of biogenic gas in our country is not long, but biogenic gas resources are abundant and their exploration potential is encouraging.

Key words: biogenic gas, origin and characteristic, research progress, potential

中图分类号:

P6181301

林春明, 李艳丽, 漆滨汶. 生物气研究现状与勘探前景^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2006, 8(3): 317-330.

Lin Chunming, Li Yanli, Qi Binwen. Research status and exploration potential of biogenic gas[J]. JOPC, 2006, 8(3): 317-330.

/ / 推荐 / 导出引用

链接本文: http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2006/V8/I3/317

参考文献

陈安定,刘桂霞,连莉文,等.1991.生物甲烷形成试验与生物气聚集的有利地质条件探讨[J]. 石油学报,12(3):7-17.
陈英,戴金星,戚厚发.1994.关于生物气研究中几个理论及方法问题的研究[J].石油实验地质,16(3):209-219.
戴金星,陈英.1993.中国生物气中烷烃组分的碳同位素特征及其鉴别标志[J].中国科学(B辑),23(3):303-310.
邓鸣放,陈伟煌.1993.生物成因气一莺一琼盆地天然气勘探的一个重要领域[J].石油勘探与开发,20(2):11-17.
冯福,王庭斌,张士亚,等.1995.中国天然气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,237-335.
顾树松. 1996.柴达木盆地第四系生物气藏的形成与模式[J].天然气工业,16(5):6-9.
关德师,戚厚发,钱贻伯,等.1997.生物气的生成演化模式[J].石油学报,18(3):31-36.
郝石生,黄志龙,杨家琦.1994.天然气运聚动平衡及其应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1-131.
黄泽新,罗小平.1996.洞庭湖盆地第四系生物气地质特征及远景分析[J].石油与天然气地质,17(1):62-67.
惠荣耀,连莉文.1994.产甲烷菌等微生物群体在中浅层天然气藏形成中的作用[J].天然气地球科学,5(2):38-39.
贾承造,赵文智,魏国齐,等.2002.国外天然气勘探与研究最新进展及发展趋势[J].天然气工业,22(4):5-9.
蒋维三,叶舟,郑华平,等.1997.杭州湾地区第四系浅层天然气的特征及勘探方法[J].天然气工业,17(3):20-23.
李本亮,王明明,冉启贵,等.2003.地层水含盐度对生物气运聚成藏的作用[J].天然气工业,23(5):16-20.
李明宅,张洪年,郜建军,1995.生物气的生成演化模式和初次运移特征[J].石油实验地质,17(2):147-155.
梁家原,肖勰,周翥虹,等,1992.生物气模拟实验[J].生物工程学报. 8(3):300-304.
林春明,黄志诚,朱昭,等,1999.杭州湾沿岸平原晚第四纪沉积特征和沉积过程[J].地质学报,73(2):120-130.
林春明,蒋维三,李从先.1997.杭州湾地区全新世典型生物气藏特征分析[J].石油学报,18(3):44-50.
林春明,李广月,卓弘春,等.2005a.杭洲湾地区晚第四纪下切河谷充填物沉积相与浅层生物气勘探[J].古地理学报,7(1):12-24.
林春明,钱奕中.1997.浙江沿海平原全新统气源岩特征及生物气形成的控制因素[J].沉积学报,15(增刊):70-75.
林春明,卓弘春,李广月,等.2005b.杭州湾地区浅层生物气资源量计算及其地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,26(6):823-830
刘兴毅. 2000.云南昆明盆地浅层天然气开发前景团,贵州地质,17(3):170-175.
陆伟文,海秀珍,1991.生物气模拟生成实验及地层中生物气生气量的估算[J].石油实验地质,13(1):65-76.
戚厚发,戴金星.1982.浅谈我国生物成因的天然气[J].天然气工业2(2):35-41.
王明义. 1982.长江三角洲浅层天然气[J]. 天然气工业,2(3):3-9.
王庭斌. 2002.中国天然气地质理论进展与勘探战略[J]. 石油与天然气地质,23(1):1-7.
张厚福,方朝亮,高先志,等.1999.石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,39-100
张辉,连莉文,张洪年.1992.不同沉积环境中几种厌氧细菌的组成与分布[J].微生物学报,32(3):182-190.
张水昌,赵文智,李先奇,等.2005.生物气研究新进展与勘探策略[J].石油勘探与开发,32(4):90-96.
张顺,冯志强,林春明,等.2004.松辽盆地新生界生物气聚集及成藏条件[J].石油学报,25(3):231-236.
张义纲,陈焕疆.1983.论生物气的生成和聚集[J].石油与天然气地质,4(2):160-169.
赵澄林,陈丽华,涂强,等,1999,中国天然气储层[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1-41.
周翥虹,周瑞年,管志强,1994.柴达木盆地东部第四纪气源岩地化特征与生物气前景[J].石油勘探与开发,21(2):30-36
References
Albert D B, Martens C S, Alperin M J.1998. Biogeochemical processes controlling methane in gassy coastal sediments-Part 2: ground water flow control of acoustic turbidity in Eckernforde Bay Sediments[J]. Continental Shelf Research,18:1771-1793.
Badruzzaman A.2000.Comprehensive Bangladesh gas strategy[J]. Oil m Gas Joumal,98(34):18-23.
Baylis S A, Cawley S J, Clayton C J, et al.1997. The origin of unusual gas seeps from onshore Papua New Guinea[J]. Marine Geology, 137:109-120.
Blair N.1998. The δ¹³C of biogenic methane in marine sediments: The influence of C_org deposition rate[J]. Chemical Geology,152:139-150.
Chen Anding, Liu Guixia, Lian Liwen, et al.1991.An experiment on the formation of biogenic method and a discussion of the favorable geologic conditions of the accumulation of biogenic natura gas[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,12(3):7-17(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Ying,Dai Jinxing,Qi Houfa.1994.On some theoretical and methodological topics of biogenic gas studies[J]. Petroleum Geology m Experiment,16(3):209-219(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dai Jinxing, Chen Ying.1993. Carbon isotope characters and diagnosis of alkane component of biogenic gas in China[J]. Science in China, Series B,23(3):303-310 (in Chinese).
DeLaune R D,Smith C J, Patrick W HJr.1986. Methane production in Mississippi River deltaic plain peat[J]. Organic geochemistry, 9(4):193-197.
Deng Mingfang,Chen Weihuang.1993. Biogenic gas: An important category in the gas exploration in Ying-Qiong Basin[J]. PetroleumDevelopment,20(2):11-17(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Fukai, Wang Tingbin,Zhang Shiya, et al.1995. Geology of Natural Gas in China[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House,237-335 (in Chinese).
Floodgate G D,Judd A G.1992. The origin of shallow gas[J]. Continental Shelf Research,12(10):1 145-1 156.
Garcia-Gil S, Vilas F, Garcia-Garcia A.2002.Shallow gas feature in incised-valley fills (Ria de Vigo, N W Spain) : A case study[J] .Continental Shelf Research,22(16):2303-2315.
Grunau H R.1984. Natural gas in major basins worldwide attributed to source type, thermal history and bacterial origin[J]. Proceedings of the Eleventh World Petroleum Congress, Wiley(Chichester),2: 293-302.
Gu Shusong.1996, The forming and mode of Quaternary biogenic gas reservoirs in Qaidam Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,165:6-9 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Guan Deshi,Qi Houfa,Qian Yibo,et al.1997.Generation and evolution model of biogenic gas[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,18(3):31-36(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hao Shisheng,Huang Zhilong, Yang Jiaqi.1994.Application and Dynamic Balance of Natural Gas Migration and Accumulation[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1-131.
Heggland R.1997.Detection of gas migration from a deep source by the use of exploration 3D seismic data[J]. Marine Geology,137:41-47.
Huang Zexin, Luo Xiaoping.1996, Geological characteristics of Quaternary biogenic gas in Dongting Basin and its prospects[J]. Oil m Gas Geology,17(1):62-67 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Hui Rongyao, Lian Liwen.1994, Effect of microbial community such as methanogenic bacteria on generation of mid-shallow biogenic gas[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,5(2):38-39 (in Chinese)
Jia Chengzhao, Zhao Wenzhi, Wei Guogi, et al.2002.The recent progress and developing tendency in natural gas exploration and its studies seen at abroad[J].Nature Gas Industry,22(4):5-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang Weisan, Ye Zhou, Zheng Huaping, et al .1997. Quaternary shallow gas characteristics in Hangzhou Bay and the exploration method[J].Nature Gas Industry,17(3):20-23 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Kotelnikova S,2002. Microbial production and oxidation of methane in deep subsurface[J]. Earth Science Reviews,58(3):367-395.
Law B E, Curtis J B.2002. Intrduction to unconventional petroleum systems[J]. AAPG Bulletin,86(11):1851-1852.
Li Benliang, Wang Mingming, Ran Qigui, et al.2003.Effect of the salinity of formation water on biogenic gas migration, accumulation and reservoir formation[J]. Natural Gas Industry,23(5):16-20 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Mingzhai, Zhang Hongnian,Gao Jianjun.1995.Generation and evolution models and primary migration features of biogenic gases[J]. Petroleum Geology m Experiment,17(2):147-155 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liang Jiayuan, Xiao Xie, Zhou Zhuhong, et al.1992. Simulated test of biogenic gas[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,8(3):300-304 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin C M,Gu L X,Li G Y,et al .2004.Geology and formation mechanism of Late Quaternary shallow biogenic gas reservoirs in the Hangzhou Bay area, eastern China[J]. AAPG Bulletin,98(5):613-625.
Lin C M, Zhuo H C, Gao S.2005.Sedimentary facies and evolution of the Qiantang River incised valley,eastern China . Marine Geology,219(4):235-259.
Lin Chunming, Huang Zhicheng,Zhu Sizhao,et al .1999.Late Quaternary sedimentary characteristics and processes in the Hangzhou Bay coastal plain[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,73(2):120-130(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin Chunming,Jiang Weisan,Li Congxian.1997. Analysis on the feature of the typical Holocene biogenic gas pool at Hangzhou Bay area[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,18(3):44-50(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin Chunming,Li Guangyue, Zhuo Hongchun,et al.2005a.Sedimentary facies of incised filling of the Late Quaternary in Hangzhou Bay area and shallow biogenic gas exploration[J]. Journal of palaeogeography,7(1):12-24(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin Chunming, Qian Yizhong.1997.Gas source rock features and controlling factors for biogenic gas formation in Holocene series in Zhejiang coastal plain[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 15(supplement):70-75(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin Chunming, Zhuo Hongchun, Li Guangyue, et al .2005b. Estimates of shallow biogenic gas resources in Hangzhou bay area and its geological implications[J]. 0il m Gas Geology,26(6):823-830 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Littke R, Cramer B, Gerling P, et al.l999. Gas generation and accumulation in the West Siberian Basin.AAPG Bulletin,83:1642-1666.
Liu Xingyi.2000. Developing prospect of shallow natural gas in Kunming Basin, Yunnan[J]. Guizhou Geology,17(3):170-175 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Lü Weiwen, Hai Xiuzhen.1991 .Simulation experiments on biogenic gas generation and estimation of generation amount of biogenic gas in strata[J]. Petroleum Geology m Experiment,13(1):65-76(in Chinese with English abstract).
Martens, Christopher S, Albert,et al.1998. Biogeochemical processes controlling methane in gassy coastal sediments Part l. A model coupling organic matter flux to gas production, oxidation and transport[J]. Continental Shelf Research,18(14-15):1741-1770.
Martini A M, Budai J M, Walter L M, et al .1996. Microbial generation of economic accumulations of methane within a shallow organic rich shale[J]. Nature,383:155-157.
Martini A M, Walter L M, Budai J M, et al .1998. Genetic and temporal relations between formation waters and biogenic methane: Upper Devonian Antrim Shale, Michigan Basin, USA[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,62(10):1699-1720.
Mattavall, Ricchiuto LT,Grignani D, et al.1983. Geochemistry and habitat of natural gases in Po Basin, Northem Italy[J]. AAPG Bulletin,67(12): 2239-2254.
Noble R A, Henk Jr F H.1998. Hydrocarbon charge of a bacterial gas field by prolonged methanogenesis: an example from the East Java Sea, Indonesia[J]. Organic Geochemistry,19(1-3):301-314.
Nozhevnikova A N, Holliger C, Ammann A, et al .1997. Methanogenesis in sediments from deep lakes at different temperatures (2~70℃)[J]. Water Science and Technology,36(6-7):57-64.
Okyar M,Ediger V.1999. Seismic evidence of shallow gas in the sediment on the shelf off Trabzon, southeastern Black Sea[J]. Continental Shelf Research,19:575-587
Qi Houfa,Dai Jinxing.1982,Discussion on biogenic natural gas in China[J]. Nature Gas Industry,2 (2):35-41 (n Chinese).
Rashid M A, Vilks G.1977.Envirnmental controls of methane production in Holocene Basin in eastern Canada[J]. Organic geochemistry, 1:123-135.
Rice D D, Claypool G E.1981.Generation, accumulation, and resource potential of biogenic gas[J]. AAPG Bulletin,65(1):5-25.
Schoell M.1980.The hydrogen and carbon isotopic composition of methane from natural gases of various origins. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,44(5):649-661.
Schoell M.1983.Genetic characterization of natural gas[J]. AAPG Bulletin,67:2225-2238.
Schoell M.1988. Multiple origins of methane in the earth[J]. Chemical Geology,71(1-3):1-10.
Shurr G W, Ridgley JL.2002.Unconventional shallow biogenic gas systems[J]. AAPG Bulletin,86(11):1 939-1 969.
Surdam R C,Jiao ZS,Ganshin Y.2003.A new apprach to exploring for anomalously pressured gas accumulations : The key to unlocking huge, unconventional gas resources[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities,9(3):307-338
Van Weering,T C E, Klaver G T,et al .1997.Gas in marine sediments an introduction[J]. Marine Gcology,137:1-3.
Vilks G, Rashid M A, Van Der Linden W J M.1974. Methane in recent sediments of the Labrador shelf[J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Science,11:1 427-1 434.
Wang Mingyi.1982.Shallow natural gas in Yangtze Delta[J]. Nature Gas Industry,23):3-9(in Chinese).
Wang Tingbin.2002.Theory progress of natural gas geology and strategy of gas exploration[J]. 0il m Gas Geology,23(l):1-7 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wever T F, Abegg F, Fiedler H M,et al .1998 . Shallow gas in the muddy sediments of Eckernf rde Bay, Germany[J]. Continental Shelf Research,18:1715-1739.
Whiticar W J, Faber E,Schoell M.1986. Biogenic methane formation in marine and freshwater environment: CO₂ reduction vs. acetate fermentation-Isotope evidence[J]. Geochimica et cosmochimica Acta,50:693-709.
Whiticar W J.1999.Carbon and hydmgen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane .Chemical Geology,161(1-3):291-314.
Zhang Houfu, Fang Chaoliang, Gao Xianzhi,et al.Petroleum Geology[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 39-100.
Zhang Hui, Lian Liwen, Zhang Hongnian.1992. The composition and distribution of some kinds of anaerobic microorganisms in the different sedimentary environments[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 32(3):182-190(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Shuichang,Zhao Wenzhi, Li Xianqiet al.2005.Advances in biogenic gas studies and play strategies[J]. Petroleum exploration and development,32(4):90-96 (in Chinese with English abseract).
Zhang Shun, Feng Zhiqiang, Lin Chunming,et al .2004. Biogenic gas accumulation conditions in the Cenozoic of Songliao Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,25(3):18-22 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Yigang, Chen Huanjiang.1983.Concepts on the generation and accumulation of biogenic gas[J]. 0il m Gas Geology,4(2):160-169 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao Chenglin, Chen Lihua, Tu Qiang,et al.1999. Natural gas reservoir in China[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,1-41 (in Chinese)
Zhou Zhuhong, Zhou Ruinian, Guan Zhiqiang.1994. Geochemical properties of source materials and biogenic gas prospects of the Quaternary gas in east of Qaidam Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,21(2):30-36 (in Chinese with English abstract).

[1]	王瑞, 吴律, 余克服, 任敏, 潘立银. 新生代岛礁白云岩的基本特征、发育演化和成因机制^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2023, 25(6): 1277-1298.
[2]	王鸣川, 段太忠, 计秉玉. 多点统计地质建模技术研究进展与应用^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2017, 19(3): 557-566.
[3]	姚尧, 梅朝佳. 陆相层序的“非常规”体系域构成:层序地层学的一个重要进展^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2017, 19(3): 513-524.
[4]	梅冥相,孟庆芬. 现代叠层石的多样化构成:认识古代叠层石形成的关键和窗口^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2016, 18(2): 127-146.
[5]	梅冥相, 孟庆芬. 大气圈氧气含量水平上升的时间进程:一个与地球动力学过程紧密相关的地球生物学过程[J]. 古地理学报, 2016, 18(1): 1-20.
[6]	梅冥相,高金汉. 光合作用的起源:一个引人入胜的重大科学命题[J]. 古地理学报, 2015, 17(5): 577-592.
[7]	钟大康,姜振昌,郭强,孙海涛. 热水沉积作用的研究历史、现状及展望[J]. 古地理学报, 2015, 17(3): 285-296.
[8]	鲜本忠,朱筱敏,岳大力,郑秀娟. 沉积学研究热点与进展:第19届国际沉积学大会综述[J]. 古地理学报, 2014, 16(6): 816-826.
[9]	梅冥相. 从3个科学理念简论沉积学中的 “白云岩问题”^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2012, 14(1): 1-12.
[10]	刘锐娥, 李文厚, 陈孟, 张春林, 孙粉锦, 王雅, 肖红, 蔺洁. 鄂尔多斯东部下二叠统山西组2段储层评价及勘探前景[J]. 古地理学报, 2006, 8(4): 531-538.
[11]	田海芹, 郭彤楼, 胡东风, 汤良, 沃玉, 宋立珩, 杨志强. 黔中隆起及其周缘地区海相下组合与油气勘探前景[J]. 古地理学报, 2006, 8(4): 509-518.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容