浙江大榭史前制盐遗址人工土台的堆土特征及来源分析<sup>&#x0002A;</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2018.06.081

古地理学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (6): 1102-1112. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2018.06.081

• 古今地理环境与人类文明 • 上一篇下一篇

浙江大榭史前制盐遗址人工土台的堆土特征及来源分析^*

栗文静^1,2, 雷少³, 王张华^1,2, 李月¹, 岳伟⁴, 郑童童¹

1 华东师范大学河口海岸国家重点实验室,上海 200062;
2 华东师范大学城市发展研究院,上海 200062;
3 浙江省宁波市文物考古研究所,浙江宁波 315012;
4 同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室,上海 200092

收稿日期:2018-03-22 修回日期:2018-05-10 出版日期:2018-12-01 发布日期:2018-11-27
通讯作者: 王张华,女,1973年生,教授,博士生导师,主要从事晚第四纪海平面变化及河口三角洲沉积地貌环境演变研究。E-mail: zhwang@geo.ecnu.edu.cn。
作者简介:栗文静,女,1993年生,河口海岸国家重点实验室硕士研究生,自然地理学专业。E-mail: 912094711@qq.com。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目(编号: 41576042)资助

Characteristics and origin of the earth from artificial mound of prehistoric Daxie salt-making site, Zhejiang Province

Li Wen-Jing^{1, 2}, Lei Shao³, Wang Zhang-Hua^{1, 2}, Li Yue¹, Yue Wei⁴, Zheng Tong-Tong¹

1 State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062;
2 Institute of Urban Development, East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062;
3 The Institute of Archaeology,Ningbo 315012,Zhejiang;
4 State Key Laboratory for Marine Geology,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092

Received:2018-03-22 Revised:2018-05-10 Online:2018-12-01 Published:2018-11-27
Contact: Wang Zhang-Hua,born in 1973,is a professor engaged in the researches on Quaternary sea level change and environmental change of estuary and delta. E-mail: zhwang@geo.ecnu.edu.cn.
About author:Li Wen-Jing,born in 1993,is a master candidate in the State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University. She majors in physical geography. E-mail: 912094711@qq.com.
Supported by:
Financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41576042)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 位于浙江省宁波市大榭岛的大榭遗址,是迄今所发现的中国最早的史前海盐业遗址,与一般遗址沉积地层不同,其主体区系人工堆筑土台。本研究在遗址发掘过程中,采集了泥质和砂质2种类型堆土、废弃陶器堆中的白色硬化物和盐灶坑表层白色硬化物,同时采集本岛自然堆积物,进行了粒度、无机元素地球化学和重矿物分析,以探讨堆土的原料构成、古人的制盐工艺及制盐活动对堆土地层产生的影响。研究结果显示: 来自盐灶遗迹附近的7个泥质堆土样品,其中5个具有陆相元素富集特征,但是后期受海水影响,另外2个显示滩涂盐泥特征;废弃陶器堆中的白色硬化物元素组成与盐泥相似,盐灶坑表层白色硬化物具高Ca、Sr、Ba含量,推测是烧煮卤水产生的沉淀物。砂质堆土的粒度和重矿物组成显示其属于河流冲积物,且具强烈的化学风化特征,推测其原始地层不仅限于全新统。该研究显示了钱山漾文化时期古人利用岛屿上的潮上带、山麓黄土、河流冲积物等原材料在滩涂营建土台,并在土台上利用“淋卤煎炼”工艺从事制盐活动。

关键词: 泥质堆土, 砂质堆土, 制盐活动, 河流冲积物

Abstract: Daxie site is the earliest prehistoric sea salt-making site discovered in China to date,and is located on the Daxie Island,Ningbo,Zhejiang Province. Artificial mounds constitute the major site. In this study,samples of muddy and sandy artificial earth from the Neolithic mound and samples of hard white material from the garbage and surface of salt-making stove during the archaeological excavation were collected. Samples representing the natural deposits on the island were also collected. Analysis including grain size,inorganic geochemistry and heavy mineral on these samples to explore the origin of the artificial earth and the influence of the salt-making activities were conducted. Results demonstrate that among the seven muddy earth samples collected from excavation units close to the salt-making stoves,five were of terrestrial origin,but also influenced by seawater. Origin of the other two samples were inferred to be the salty mud collected from tidal flat. The sample of white hard material from the garbage has similar elemental chemistry to the salty mud. The sample from the surface of salt-making stove is characterized by high content of Ca,Sr and Ba which is inferred to be the precipitation during boiling. Grain size and heavy mineral analyses of the sandy earth showed an alluvial origin with characteristics of strong chemical weathering,which imply that the original strata were beyond the Holocene. We imply that above results reflected prehistoric people's adaption and utilization of an island and its mud flat,which was using the supratidal, foothill deposits and alluvial sediments for constructing the artificial mound on the tidal flat , and making salt using the technique including leaching the salty mud and boiling the salt-enriched liquid.

Key words: muddy mound, sandy mound, salt-making activity, alluvial sediment

中图分类号:

P534.63

栗文静, 雷少, 王张华, 李月, 岳伟, 郑童童. 浙江大榭史前制盐遗址人工土台的堆土特征及来源分析^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2018, 20(6): 1102-1112.

Li Wen-Jing, Lei Shao, Wang Zhang-Hua, Li Yue, Yue Wei, Zheng Tong-Tong. Characteristics and origin of the earth from artificial mound of prehistoric Daxie salt-making site, Zhejiang Province[J]. JOPC, 2018, 20(6): 1102-1112.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2018/V20/I6/1102

参考文献

[1] 白广美. 1988. 中国古代海盐生产考. 盐业史研究,(1): 49-63.
[Bai G M.1988. A study on the production of Sea Salt in Ancient China. Salt Industry,(1): 49-63]
[2] 曹峻. 2015. 钱山漾文化因素初析. 东南文化,(5): 86-93.
[Cao J.2015. A preliminary study on Qianshanyang cultural elements. Southeast Culture,(5): 86-93]
[3] 崔彪,李乃胜,杨益民,燕生东,王守功. 2015. 山东寿光双王城商代盐业遗址土样的初步科学研究. 中国文物科学研究, (4): 70-73.
[Cui B,Li N S,Yang Y M,Yan S D,Qang S G.2015. Site of Shuangwangcheng salt site group. China Cultural Heritage Scientific Research,(4): 70-73]
[4] 崔剑锋,燕生东,李水城,党浩,王守功. 2010. 山东寿光市双王城遗址古代制盐工艺的几个问题. 考古,(3): 50-56.
[Cui J F,Yan S D,Li S C,Dang H,Wang S G.2010. Some problems on the ancient salt making technology of Shuangwangcheng site in Shouguang, Shandong. Archaeology,(4): 50-56]
[5] 丁品. 2010. 浙江湖州钱山漾遗址第三次发掘简报. 文物,(7): 4-26.
[Ding P.2010. The third excavation of the Qianshanyang site in Huzhou,Zhejiang. Cultural Relics,(7): 4-26]
[6] 高晓琴,王张华,李琳,吴绪旭. 2012. 长江口现代潮滩表层沉积物磁性特征和自生铁硫化物的分布. 古地理学报, 14(5): 673-684.
[Gao X Q,Wang Z H,Li L,Wu X X.2012. Magnetic properties of surficial sediments and distribution of authengenic iron sulfide in modern tidal flat at Yangtze estuary. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 14(5): 673-684]
[7] 谷颖,李金铎. 2008. 浅论大榭岛港口资源及其开发. 海洋开发与管理, 25(4): 108-111.
[Gu Y,Li J D.2008. Discussion on port resources and its utilization on the Daxie island. Ocean Utilization and Management, 25(4): 108-111]
[8] 侯虹. 2003. 渝东地区古代地质环境与盐矿资源的开发利用. 盐业史研究,(1): 55-64.
[Hou H.2003. The ancient geological environment of Yudong and application of salt resource. Salt Industry,(1): 55-64]
[9] 金秉福,张云吉,宋键. 2007. 长江三角洲第一硬土层中微结核的矿物化学特征及其成因. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 27(3): 9-15.
[Jin B F,Zhang Y J,Song J.2007. Characteristics of mineral chemistry and formation of the micro-nodules in the first stiff clay layer in the Yangtze river delta. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 27(3): 9-15]
[10] 康兴伦,程作联. 1990. 山东渤海沿岸地下卤水的成分研究. 海洋科学进展, 9(6): 25-29.
[Kang X L,Cheng Z L.1990. Composition research for underground brine along Shandong costal flatlands on Bohai Sea. Marine Science Bulletin, 9(6): 25-29]
[11] 李乃胜,胡建廷,马玉鑫,孙晓春,马健. 2013. 试论“盐圣”夙沙氏的历史地位和作用. 太平洋学报, 21(3): 96-103.
[Li N S,Hu J T,Ma Y X,Sun X C,Ma J.2013. A tentative approach to the historic status and achievements of Sushashi,the Father of the Salt Producing. Pacific Journal, 21(3): 96-103]
[12] 雷少,梅术文. 2016. 宁波首次发现海岛史前文化遗址: 大榭遗址Ⅰ期考古发掘的主要收获. 中国文物报,2016-12-30(5).
[Lei S,Mei S W.2016. The first discovery of prehistoric cultural site in an island of Ningbo: The main achievements of the first archaeological excavation of Daxie site. China Cultural Relics News,2016-12-30(5)]
[13] 雷少,梅术文. 2017a. 中国古代海盐业的最早实证: 宁波大榭遗址考古发掘取得重要收获. 中国文物报,2017-12-29(8).
[Lei S,Mei S W.2017a. The earliest evidence of the ancient sea salt industry in China: The archaeological excavation of Ningbo Daxie site has made important achievements. China Cultural Relics News,2017-12-29(8)]
[14] 雷少,梅术文. 2017b. 中国古代海盐业的最早实证: 宁波大榭遗址考古发掘专家论证会综述. 中国文物报,2017-12-29(5).
[Lei S,Mei S W.2017b. The earliest evidence of the ancient sea salt industry in China: Summary of the expert meeting on the archaeological excavation of the Daxie site in Ningbo. China Cultural Relics News, 2017-12-29(5)]
[15] 钱利军,陈洪德,林良彪,徐胜林,欧莉华. 2012. 四川盆地西缘地区中侏罗统沙溪庙组地球化学特征及其环境意义. 沉积学报, 30(6): 1061-1071.
[Qian L J,Chen H D,Lin L B,Xu S L,Ou L H.2012. Geochemical characteristics and environmental implications of middle Jurassic Shaximiao formation,Western margin of Sichuan Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 30(6): 1061-1071]
[16] 史忠生,陈开远,史军,柳保军,何胡军,刘刚. 2003. 运用锶钡比判定沉积环境的可行性分析. 断块油气田, 10(2): 12-16.
[Shi Z S,Chen K Y,Shi J,Liu B J,He H J,Liu G.2003. Feasibility of using Sr/Ba ratio to determine sedimentary environment. Fault-block Oil & Gas Field, 10(2): 12-16]
[17] 苏乔,于洪军,徐兴永,姚菁,姜兴钰. 2011. 莱州湾南岸滨海平原地下卤水水化学特征. 海洋科学进展, 29(2): 163-169.
[Su Q,Yu H J,Xu X Y,Yao J,Jiang X Y.2011. Hydrochemical characteristics of underground brine in littoral Plain south of Laizhou Bay. Advances in Marine Science, 29(2): 163-169]
[18] 宁劲松,于志刚,江雪艳. 2005. 莱州湾沿岸地下卤水的化学组成. 海洋科学进展, 29(11): 13-17.
[Ning J S,Yu Z G,Jiang X Y.2005. Chemical composition of underground brine in shore along Laizhou Bay. Marine Sciences, 29(11): 13-17]
[19] 陶宏,黄健. 2002. 西藏芒康县盐井乡盐业研究. 盐业史研究,(4): 28-33.
[Tao H,Huang J.2002. The study of Mang Kang Tibet salt industry. Salt Industry,(4): 28-33]
[20] 王爱华. 1996. 不同形态锶钡比的沉积环境判别效果比较. 沉积学报, 14(4): 168-173.
[Wang A H.1996. Discriminant effect of sedimentary environment by the Sr/Ba Ratio of Different exising forms. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 14(4): 168-173]
[21] 王青. 2007. 淋煎法海盐生产技术起源的考古学探索. 盐业史研究,(1): 32-37.
[Wang Q.2007. Archaeological research on the origin of sea salt pouring-boiling technique. Salt Industry History Research,(1): 32-37]
[22] 王清明. 1987. 中国盐业发展历史梗概. 中国井矿盐,(5): 5-11.
[Wang Q M.1987. Review of the history of salt industry development in China. China Well and Rock Salt,(5): 5-11]
[23] 王益友,郭文莹,张国栋. 1979. 几种地球化学标志在金湖凹陷阜宁群沉积环境中的应用. 同济大学学报,(2): 51-60.
[Wang Y Y,Guo W Y,Zhang G D.1979. Application of some geological indicators in determining of sedimentary environment of the Funing group(paleogene),Jin-Hu depression,Kiangsu Province. Journal of Tongji University,(2): 51-60]
[24] 王益友,吴萍. 1983. 江浙海岸带沉积物的地球化学标志. 同济大学学报,(4): 82-90.
[Wang Y Y,Wu P.1983. Geochemical criteria od sediments in the costal area of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. Journal of Tongji University,(4): 82-90]
[25] 王珍岩,韩有松. 1998. 第四纪滨海相地下卤水的研究. 海洋科学, 22(1): 22-24.
[Wang Z Y,Han Y S.1998. The geotechnical properties of the shallow soil layers of the southern Baohai dulf and their relationship with the sedimentary facies in the area. Marine Sciences, 22(1): 22-24]
[26] 吴明清,王贤觉. 1991. 东海沉积物的稀土和微量元素. 地球化学,(1): 40-46.
[Wu M Q,Wang X J.1991. Rare-earth and trace elements in the east China sea sediments. Geochimica,(1): 40-46]
[27] 向绪洪,邵磊,乔培军,赵梦. 2011. 珠江流域沉积物重矿物特征及其示踪意义. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 31(6): 27-35.
[Xiang X H,Shao L,Qiao P J,Zhao M.2011. Characteristics of heavy minerals in Pearl river sediments and their implications for provenance. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 31(6): 27-35]
[28] 燕生东,田永德,赵金,王德明. 2011. 渤海南岸地区发现的东周时期盐业遗存. 中国国家博物馆馆刊,(9): 68-91.
[Yan S D,Tian Y D,Zhao J,Wang D M.2011. Eastern Zhou salt industry site on the south coast of Baohai Sea. Journal of National Museum of China,(9): 68-91]
[29] 燕生东,赵守祥. 2016. 考古所见莱州湾南岸地区元明时期制盐工艺. 盐业史研究,(2): 3-17.
[Yan S D,Zhao S X.2016. Salt making process on the south bank of Laizhou Bay during Yuan and Ming dynasty from archeological study. Salt Industry History Research,(2): 3-17]
[30] 赵红格,刘池洋. 2003. 物源分析方法及研究进展. 沉积学报, 21(3): 409-415.
[Zhao H G,Liu C Y.2003. Approaches and prospects of provenance analysis. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 21(3): 409-415]
[31] 朱诚,姜逢清,马春梅,徐伟峰,黄林燕,郑朝贵,李兰,孙智彬. 2008. 重庆中坝遗址地层Na-Ca元素含量揭示的制盐业兴衰史. 地理学报, 63(5): 524-534.
[Zhu C,Jiang F Q,Ma C M,Xu W F,Huang L Y,Zheng C G,Li L,Sun Z B.2008. Rise and decline of ancient salt industry revealed by the concentrations of Na and Ca in sediments at Zhongba Site. Acta Geographica Sinica, 63(5): 524-534]
[32] И. С Грамберг,宋炳忠. 1985. 海水的地质历史. 地质地球化学,(4): 41-44.
[И. С Грамберг,Song B Z.1985. Geological history of seawater. Geology-geochemistry,(4): 41-44]
[33] Alvarez-Silva M,Uribe-Salas A,Mirnezami M,Finch J A.2010. The point of zero charge of phyllosilicate minerals using the Mular-Roberts titration technique. Minerals Engineering, 23(5): 383-389.
[34] Chen T,Wang Z H,Wu X X,Gao X Q,Li L,Zhan Q.2015. Magnetic properties of tidal flat sediments on the Yangtze coast,China: Early diagenetic alteration and implications. The Holocene, 25(5): 832-843.
[35] Galehouse J S.1971. Point counting. In: Carver,R E(ed). Procedures in Sedimentary Petrology. New York: Wiley-Interscience.,385-407.
[36] Good C.1995. Salt Production and Commerce in Guerrero,Mexico. An ethnographic contribution to historical reconstruction. Ancient Mesoamerica, 6(6): 1-13.
[37] Olivier W.2015. First salt making in Europe: An overview from Neolithic times. Documenta Praehistorica, 42: 185-196.
[38] Riddiford N G,Branch N P,Green C P,Armitage S J,Olivier L.2012. Holocene palaeoenvironmental change and the impact of prehistoric salt production in the Seille Valley,eastern France. Holocene, 22(8): 831-845.
[39] Riddiford N G,Branch N P,Jusseret S,Olivier L,Green C P.2016. Investigating the human-environment relationship of early intensive salt production: A case study from the Upper Seille Valley,Lorraine,northeast France. Journal of Archaeological Science Reports, 10: 390-402.
[40] Thorpe C L,Lloyd J R,Law G T W,Burke I T,Bryan N D,Morris K.2012. Strontium sorption and precipitation behaviour during bioreduction in nitrate impacted sediments. Chemical Geology,306-307: 114-122.
[41] Yue W,Jin B F,Zhao,B C.2018. Transparent heavy minerals and magnetite geochemical composition of the Yangtze River sediments: Implication for provenance evolution of the Yangtze Delta. Sedimentary Geology, 364: 42-52.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容

浙江大榭史前制盐遗址人工土台的堆土特征及来源分析^*

Characteristics and origin of the earth from artificial mound of prehistoric Daxie salt-making site, Zhejiang Province

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	贾雅娜, 李三灵, 赵文杰, 朱艳, 刘翀昊, 涂华, 李浩, 张玉柱. 江西上湖旧石器遗址沉积地层记录的环境演化及古人类行为适应研究^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(1): 153-166.
[2]	马玉凤, 武志江, 李双权, 刘洪妍, 任萧, 郭仰山, 王朝栋, 郭丽华. 淮河上游出山店库区桥头遗址存续前后的古环境背景^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(1): 167-183.
[3]	罗文菁, 吴立, 马春梅, 朱诚, 路曙光. 太湖梅堰孔沉积记录揭示的全新世以来环境演变^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(1): 184-194.
[4]	方修琦. 人类世的多角度透视^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2024, 26(6): 1287-1304.
[5]	杨奇, 向芳, 冉宏林, 郭宇明, 刘建成, 谢振斌. 四川广汉三星堆土台壕沟沉积特征研究^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2023, 25(3): 715-728.
[6]	由文智, 向芳, 杨坤美, 姜月华, 喻显涛, 李磊. 湖北宜昌第四纪沉积物中铁质重矿物特征对三峡贯通的指示^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2021, 23(4): 855-870.
[7]	李瑞杰, 王强, 赵勇, 魏波, 孙永华. 河北平原廊固凹陷ACX03孔晚上新世以来地层与沉积^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2021, 23(3): 539-554.
[8]	龚晓飞, 陈聪, 汤永杰, 黄康有, 乐远福, 梁凯璇, 郑卓. 贵州草海近21 ka以来有机地球化学记录反映的古环境变化^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2019, 21(6): 1025-1034.
[9]	谢一璇, 杨小强, 张伙带, 陈琼, 李冠华. 西太平洋深海沉积物记录的~80ka以来风尘物质输入与东亚冬季风强度^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2019, 21(5): 855-868.
[10]	方修琦, 叶瑜, 张成鹏, 唐婵婵. 中国历史耕地变化及其对自然环境的影响^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2019, 21(1): 160-174.
[11]	夏正楷, 张俊娜. 中国环境考古学的兴起、发展和展望^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2019, 21(1): 175-188.
[12]	张霞, 林春明, 杨守业, 高抒, Robert W. Dalrymple. 晚第四纪钱塘江下切河谷充填物物源特征^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2018, 20(5): 877-892.
[13]	孙振营, 王强, 李亚平, 裴军令, 周相国, 高学飞. 第四纪以来天津北部燕山隆升与山前盆地的形成^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2018, 20(5): 893-908.
[14]	鲁庆伟, 王强, 詹健, 郭维, 李稳, 王西玉. 渤海湾西岸沧县隆起中更新世地层间断^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2018, 20(4): 665-679.
[15]	刘运明. 黄河晋陕峡谷1.1 Ma阶地的形成及其构造背景^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2018, 20(3): 477-488.

模态框（Modal）标题

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容

浙江大榭史前制盐遗址人工土台的堆土特征及来源分析*

Characteristics and origin of the earth from artificial mound of prehistoric Daxie salt-making site, Zhejiang Province

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

浙江大榭史前制盐遗址人工土台的堆土特征及来源分析^*