摘要：

滨里海盆地内充填了巨厚的古生代、中生代和新生代沉积物。在剖面上可分为三套地层组合，即盐下层系、含盐层系和盐上层系。盐下层系为下古生界—下二叠统，包括巨厚的碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩沉积，在泥盆纪—早二叠世，滨里海盆地周缘广大地区普遍发育碳酸盐岩，在许多古隆起上还发育生物礁体，说明这一时期盆地的滨、浅海地带具有浅、清、暖的沉积环境，盆外陆源碎屑供应较少。含盐层系为下二叠统上部孔谷阶。早二叠世中—后期由于持续构造抬升，盆地气候变得干旱，海水变浅，潮上带蒸发环境发育，以致这一时期广泛发育盐类沉积，形成含盐层系，主要由盐岩和硬石膏层构成，并形成许多大小不等的盐丘构造。盐上层系为上二叠统—第四系。晚二叠世—三叠纪盆地又经历了一次大的海侵，为浅海陆棚环境，局部为海陆过渡三角洲相。侏罗纪—白垩纪在总的浅海陆棚环境下，盆地不同地区也形成了湖泊和瀉湖环境。晚二叠世以后形成的盐上层系沉积，主要为碎屑岩，在局部地区有碳酸盐岩。

Abstract:

Sediments of Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic with a huge thickness were deposited in the Pre-Caspian Basin, which can be divided into three groups vertically, i.e Pre-salt Sediment Group, Salt Sediment Group and Post-salt Sediment Group. The Pre-salt Sediment Group is composed of the Lower Paleozoic—Lower Permian, including thick clastic and carbonate rocks. From Devonian to Early Permian, carbonates were deposited widely in the Pre-Caspian Basin, and in many palaeo-uplifts, bioherms well developed, which indicates that during this period, the offshore and shallow sea areas of the Basin belonged to shallow-water sedimentary environment with clear sea water and warm climate, with little terrestrial input of sediments from outside of the Basin. In middle and late periods of the Early Permian, the Pre-Caspian areas rose successively, the climate became dry, and the environment turned to be supratidal zone (evaporitic environment), resulting in the spread sedimentation of salts and the formation of the Salt Sediment Group (upper part of the Lower Permian) which consists mainly of halite and anhydrite. There are many salt dome structures within the Salt Sediment Group. In Late Permian and Triassic, the Basin underwent once again a large-scale transgression, and the depositional environment was shelf sea with delta locally. In Jurassic and Cretaceous, generally it was also the shelf sea (shallow sea), but there were lacustrine and lagoonal environments in different parts of the Basin. The Post-salt Sediment Group formed (Upper Permian—Quaternary) is composed mainly of clastic rocks, with carbonates locally.