Development characteristics and evolution process of the Lower Paleozoic karst in Shungeng mountain,Huainan,Anhui Province

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.054

Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition） ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 1273-1289. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.054

• LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY • Previous Articles Next Articles

Development characteristics and evolution process of the Lower Paleozoic karst in Shungeng mountain,Huainan,Anhui Province

XU Guangquan(), HE Biao(), HE Yupeng, YANG Tingting, ZHANG Haitao, LI Hao, ZHANG Zhu

School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Anhui Huainan 232001, China

Received:2024-04-24 Revised:2025-01-10 Online:2025-10-01 Published:2025-09-30
Contact: HE Biao,born in 2000,master student,is engaged in hydrogeological research. E-mail: hebiao2000@126.com.
About author:
XU Guangquan,born in 1967,PhD,professor,is mainly engaged in teaching and research on hydrogeology. E-mail: gqxu67@163.com.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42172279); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41572147); Quality Engineering Project of Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province(2023xnjys012)

淮南舜耕山下古生界岩溶发育特征及演化过程^*

许光泉(), 贺彪(), 何玉鹏, 杨婷婷, 张海涛, 李浩, 张著

安徽理工大学地球与环境学院, 安徽淮南 232001

通讯作者: 贺彪,男,2000年生,硕士研究生,从事水文地质科研工作。E-mail: hebiao2000@126.com。
作者简介:
许光泉,男,1967年生,博士、教授,主要从事水文地质教学与科研工作。E-mail: gqxu67@163.com。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目(42172279); 国家自然科学基金项目(41572147); 省级质量工程项目(2023xnjys012)

Abstract

Abstract:

During the exploitation of deep coal resources,the North China Coalfield faces severe threats from karst water inrush disaster originating from the Lower Paleozoic aquifer. Investigating the development characteristics and evolution processes of karst in outcrops provides critical insights into mechanisms such as water storage,water conductivity,and water inrush during coal mining in karst regions covered by Quaternary unconsolidated deposits. This research also offers practical guidance for the prevention of karst water rush hazards. Taking the Shungeng Mountain area in Huainan-located at the southern margin of the North China Coalfield as the study area,this work systematically investigates the types and characteristics of Lower Paleozoic karst through field geological survey,geological profile survey,macro-and micro-structural analysis of karst breccias,and genetic evolution studies,all integrated with the region’s sedimentary and tectonic history. The results show that the Lower Paleozoic karst can be divided into three types based on development timing: sedimentary karst,epigenetic karst and modern karst. Sedimentary karst,characterized by syngenetic karst breccia,was formed during sedimentary discontinuities and was closely related to paleo-atmospheric precipitation,marine transgressions and regressions and dissolution. Epigenetic karst is marked by the interlayer karst breccia developed after diagenesis,and the karst breccia formed by Yanshan stretching movement. The interlayer palaeokarst was formed during the crustal uplift of the Early Ordovician,and was formed by the collapse and consolidation of the karst between the layers of strata due to long-term weathering-erosion and the action of groundwater flow. The tectonic breccia karst occurred in the Lower Paleozoic internal strata,due to the multi-stage tensile structure,which formed in the fracture zone,and was filled with the multi-stage crystallization of calcite,impregnated with iron. The modern karst is marked by the dissolved channel and karst collapse,which develops in the plane tension fissures,faults or intersection of both,and is caused by long-term atmospheric precipitation and infiltration,gravity collapse or subsurface erosion.

Key words: Lower Paleozoic karst, karst breccia, sedimentary karst, tectonic breccia karst, modern karst, Shungeng mountain in Huainan

摘要： 华北煤田在深部煤炭资源开采过程中,深受下古生界岩溶突水灾害威胁。对裸露区岩溶发育特征及演化过程研究,对于揭示第四系松散层覆盖下岩溶地区的煤炭开采过程中储水、导水、突水等机制研究可以提供重要参考,对岩溶水害防治具有实际的指导性。以华北煤田南缘淮南舜耕山为研究对象,采用野外地质调查、地质剖面测量、岩溶角砾宏观与微观结构分析,以及成因演化分析等方法,系统揭示了下古生界岩溶发育类型与特征,并结合地区沉积与构造史,对岩溶形成与演化过程进行了探讨。结果表明: 下古生界岩溶按形成时间分为沉积岩溶、后生岩溶及现代岩溶。沉积岩溶以同生岩溶角砾岩为标志,形成于沉积间断期,与古大气降水和海水进退及溶蚀作用密切相关。后生岩溶以成岩后发育的层间岩溶角砾岩以及燕山期拉张运动所形成的岩溶角砾岩为标志。该地区层间岩溶形成于早奥陶世地壳抬升期,因长期风化剥蚀和地下水流作用在岩层面间形成古岩溶坍塌与固结而成。构造角砾岩溶形成发生于下古生界地层内部,因多期拉张作用在破碎带内形成,并发生方解石多期结晶充填,被含铁质浸染。现代岩溶以溶沟及岩溶塌陷为标志,发育于层面拉张裂隙、断层或二者交汇处,因长期大气降水入渗以及重力垮塌或潜蚀作用所致。

关键词: 下古生界岩溶, 岩溶角砾岩, 沉积岩溶, 构造角砾岩溶, 现代岩溶, 淮南舜耕山

CLC Number:

P588.245

XU Guangquan, HE Biao, HE Yupeng, YANG Tingting, ZHANG Haitao, LI Hao, ZHANG Zhu. Development characteristics and evolution process of the Lower Paleozoic karst in Shungeng mountain,Huainan,Anhui Province[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2025, 27(5): 1273-1289.

许光泉, 贺彪, 何玉鹏, 杨婷婷, 张海涛, 李浩, 张著. 淮南舜耕山下古生界岩溶发育特征及演化过程^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2025, 27(5): 1273-1289.

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Figures/Tables 20

Fig.1 Geological map of the Lower Paleozoic bedrock in Shungeng mountain,Huainan

Table 1 Relationship between Paleozoic strata,lithology,and karst development in Shungeng mountain,Huainan

调查地点	岩溶发育层位	岩性特征	岩溶发育特征
洞山	O₂m(马家沟组)	白云岩、白云质灰岩	不同尺度溶沟和溶隙
洞山、九龙岗	O₁x(萧县组)	灰岩、白云质灰岩、白云岩	同生、后生岩溶角砾岩
洞山、九龙岗	O₁x(萧县组)	灰岩、白云质灰岩、白云岩	后生岩溶角砾岩
九龙岗	Э₂zh(张夏组)	灰岩、白云质灰岩	构造岩溶角砾岩
九龙岗	Э₂x(徐庄组)	生物碎屑灰岩、豆粒灰岩、砂岩	沿裂隙网络发育溶沟
洞山	Э₂x(徐庄组)	豆粒灰岩、藻灰岩、砂岩	网络裂隙、溶隙、溶洞与岩溶塌陷
九龙岗	Э₁mz(毛庄组)	灰岩、豆粒灰岩	网络裂隙、岩溶塌陷
洞山	Э₁m(馒头组)	生物碎屑灰岩、鲕粒灰岩	沿非可溶岩与可溶接触面发育溶沟、岩溶塌陷

Fig.2 Macrostructure characteristics of syngenetic karst breccia of the Ordovician Xiaoxian Formation in Jiulonggang-Dongshan, Shungeng mountain,Huainan

Fig.3 Microstructure characteristics of syngenetic karst breccia of the Ordovician Xiaoxian Formation in Jiulonggang-Dongshan, Shungeng mountain,Huainan

Fig.4 Macroscopic characteristics of the Ordovician interlayer karst breccia in Shungeng mountain,Huainan

Fig.5 Microstructure characteristics of the Ordovician interlayer karst breccia in Shungeng mountain,Huainan

Fig.6 Development location of tectonic karst breccia in Jiulonggang in Shungeng mountain, Huainan

Fig.7 Macroscopic characteristics of tectonic karst breccia in Jiulonggang in Shungeng mountain, Huainan

Fig.8 Microstructure characteristics of tectonic karst breccia in Jiulonggang in Shungeng mountain, Huainan

Fig.9 Karst ditch of the Cambrian Mantou Formation in Shungeng mountain, Huainan

Fig.10 Karst ditch in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Shungeng mountain, Huainan

Fig.11 Microstructure characteristics of microcrystalline gravelly limestone dolomite in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Shungeng mountain, Huainan

Fig.12 Modern karst geological section in the Cambrian Maozhuang Formation in Jiulonggang in Shungeng mountain,Huainan

Table 2 Karst development characteristics of the Cambrian Maozhuang Formation in Jiulonggang in Shungeng mountain, Huainan

编号	岩溶形态	几何尺寸		特征描述
编号	岩溶形态	长度/m	宽度/m	特征描述
1#岩溶塌陷坑	长条状	6	2.5	厚层生物碎屑灰岩沿层面和构造裂隙交汇处,发育大小不一的裂隙、溶隙,尤其发育不同形态的溶沟和溶洞,及岩溶塌陷等
2#溶沟	似半圆状	12.1	4.5
3#岩溶塌陷坑	长条状	1.8	5.5
4#岩溶塌陷坑	不规则漏斗状	4.6	4
5#溶洞	似椭圆状	1.9	1

Fig.13 Karst collapse geological section of the Cambrian Xuzhuang Formation in Shungeng mountain, Huainan

Fig.14 Microstructure characteristics of biological limestone in the Cambrian Xuzhuang Formation in Shungeng mountain, Huainan

Fig.15 Formation and evolution process of the Lower Paleozoic sedimentary karst in Shungeng mountain,Huainan

Fig.16 Formation and evolution process of interlayer karst in the Lower Paleozoic strata in Shungeng mountain, Huainan

Fig.17 Tectonic karst evolution process of the Lower Paleozoic in Shungeng mountain,Huainan

Fig.18 Evolution process of different types of karst collapse in the Lower Paleozoic of Shungeng Mountain in Huainan

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