衡阳盆地白垩系风成砂岩储集层压缩二氧化碳储能数值模拟评价<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2026.020

古地理学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 318-332. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2026.020

• 矿产资源与新能源地质 • 上一篇下一篇

衡阳盆地白垩系风成砂岩储集层压缩二氧化碳储能数值模拟评价^*

黄乐清¹^,²(), 李毅³(), 曹创华¹, 罗贤³, 喻浩³, 姜文¹

1 湖南省地质调查所,湖南长沙 410116
2 中国地质大学(武汉)地质调查研究院,湖北武汉 430074
3 长沙理工大学水利与环境工程学院,湖南长沙 410114

收稿日期:2025-03-28 修回日期:2025-07-06 出版日期:2026-02-01 发布日期:2026-02-09
通讯作者: 李毅,男,1988年生,教授,博士,主要从事含水层压缩空气/二氧化碳技术研究。 E-mail: liyi0217@163.com。
作者简介:
黄乐清,男,1985年生,高级工程师,主要从事白垩纪风成沉积及含水层储能研究。E-mail: 289773254@qq.com。
基金资助:
*湖南省地质院科技计划项目(HNGSTP202322); 湖南省地质院科技计划项目(HNGSTP202529); 湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ30388)

Numerical simulation assessment of compressed CO₂ energy storage in the Cretaceous aeolian sandstone reservoir,Hengyang Basin

HUANG Leqing¹^,²(), LI Yi³(), CAO Chuanghua¹, LUO Xian³, YU Hao³, JIANG Wen¹

1 Geological Survey Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha 410116,China
2 Institute of Geological Survey,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China
3 School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China

Received:2025-03-28 Revised:2025-07-06 Online:2026-02-01 Published:2026-02-09
Contact: LI Yi,born in 1988,PhD,research professor,is engaged in research on aquifer compressed air/CO₂ technology. E-mail: liyi0217@163.com.
About author:
About the first author HUANG Leqing,born in 1985,senior engineer,is engaged in research on the Cretaceous aeolian deposits and aquifer energy storage. E-mail: 289773254@qq.com.
Supported by:
Science and Technology Program of Geological Institution of Hunan Province(HNGSTP202322); Science and Technology Program of Geological Institution of Hunan Province(HNGSTP202529); Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(2021JJ30388)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究衡阳盆地深部含水层压缩二氧化碳储能的可行性,本研究以白垩纪古沙漠风成沉积地层红花套组砂岩储集层为研究对象,结合岩石学特征实验与场地尺度数值模拟,系统评价其储碳与储能潜力。通过岩石薄片、扫描电镜及孔渗测试,揭示了红花套组砂岩以中—细粒长石石英砂岩为主,钙质胶结作用强烈,砂岩储集层孔隙度和渗透率呈现低孔低渗特性。上覆泥岩盖层致密,展布稳定,形成良好储盖组合。基于实验数据,建立压缩CO₂储能系统三维数值模型,模拟结果表明: 储集层渗透率为15×10^-³ μm^-²时,60天循环注采中压力波动范围不大于0.5 MPa,地下储气库能量效率达99.98%以上; 同时,低温CO₂注入引起井周地层温度降低(降幅达5 ℃),孔隙压力积聚(最大1.27 MPa),有效应力局部降低,储集层垂向位移显著。研究表明,红花套组砂岩具备储碳与储能潜力,但储集层低渗性限制注采规模,需通过酸化或压裂改造优化孔渗性能以实现规模化应用。本研究为古沙漠风成砂岩的地下空间利用及低碳能源技术开发提供理论参考。

关键词: 压缩二氧化碳储能, 数值模拟, 风成沉积, 衡阳盆地, 湖南省

Abstract:

To investigate the feasibility of compressed carbon dioxide(CO₂)energy storage in deep aquifers of the Hengyang Basin,this study focuses on the Honghuatao Formation sandstone reservoir within the Cretaceous paleo-desert aeolian sedimentary strata. By integrating petrological characterization experiments with site-scale numerical simulations,the carbon sequestration and energy storage potential of the reservoir were systematically evaluated. Petrographic thin-section analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and porosity-permeability tests reveal that the Honghuatao Formation sandstone is predominantly composed of medium-to fine-grained feldspathic quartz sandstone with pervasive calcareous cementation. The reservoir exhibits low porosity and permeability,characteristic of tight sandstone. The overlying mudstone caprock,with negligible porosity and stable regional distribution,forms an effective reservoir-seal combination.A three-dimensional numerical model of the compressed CO₂ energy storage system was established based on experimental data. Simulation results indicate that under a reservoir permeability of 15×10^-3 μm^-2,60-day cyclic injection-withdrawal operations induce pressure fluctuations≤0.5 MPa,with energy round-trip efficiency exceeding 99.98%. Additionally,low-temperature CO₂ injection triggers localized temperature reduction(up to 5 ℃),pore pressure accumulation(maximum 1.27 MPa),partial effective stress reduction,and significant vertical displacement in the reservoir. The study demonstrates that the Honghuatao Formation sandstone holds potential for CO₂ storage and energy storage. However,its low permeability limits injection-withdrawal capacity,necessitating acidification or hydraulic fracturing modifications to enhance pore-permeability properties for scalable applications. This research provides theoretical insights into the utilization of paleo-desert aeolian sandstone for subsurface energy storage and the advancement of low-carbon energy technologies.

Key words: compressed carbon dioxide energy storage, numerical simulation, aeolian deposition, Hengyang Basin, Hunan Province

中图分类号:

TK02
P512.2

黄乐清, 李毅, 曹创华, 罗贤, 喻浩, 姜文. 衡阳盆地白垩系风成砂岩储集层压缩二氧化碳储能数值模拟评价^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2026, 28(1): 318-332.

HUANG Leqing, LI Yi, CAO Chuanghua, LUO Xian, YU Hao, JIANG Wen. Numerical simulation assessment of compressed CO₂ energy storage in the Cretaceous aeolian sandstone reservoir,Hengyang Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography（Chinese Edition）, 2026, 28(1): 318-332.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2026/V28/I1/318

图/表 16

图 1 湖南省白垩系地层分布(A)及衡阳盆地地质简图(B)(据石宇翔等,2023;有修改)

Fig.1 Distribution of the Cretaceous strata in Hunan Province(A)and geological sketch map of the Hengyang Basin(B)(mofified from Shi et al., 2023)

图 2 岩石试件及测试设备 A—标准圆柱体样品,采自上白垩统红花套组,衡5井(周缘)替代岩心; B—砼/岩石非等温多相渗流实验系统

Fig.2 Specimens and testing equipment

图 3 衡阳盆地衡5井储集层及盖层岩石镜下特征 A—中—细粒长石石英砂岩,方解石基底式胶结,正交偏光,茜素红染色,沙漠相砂岩储集层;B—细粒长石石英砂岩,方解石基底式胶结,正交偏光,沙漠相砂岩储集层; C—含粉砂质泥岩,正交偏光,盖层岩石; D—砂岩中石英颗粒及附着的钙质胶结物,扫描电镜,沙漠相砂岩储集层; E—颗粒间孔隙,表面附着片状伊利石矿物,扫描电镜,沙漠相砂岩储集层; F—石英颗粒的晶面裂纹发育,扫描电镜,沙漠相砂岩储集层

Fig.3 Microscopic characteristics of reservoir and caprock rocks in Well Heng-5 Hengyang Basin

图 4 风成砂岩常温条件下单轴压缩实验破坏形态 A,a—风成沙丘相砂岩样品,前积纹层发育,样品编号: HY22-8-7;B,b—风成沙丘相砂岩样品,前积纹层发育,样品编号: HY19-8-1;C,c—风成湿丘间亚相砂岩样品,块状构造,样品编号: HY20-1-2;D,d—风成沙席亚相砂岩样品,块状构造,样品编号: HY18-6-1。上排照片为破坏前样品,下排照片为破坏后样品

Fig.4 Failure mode of uniaxial compression test of eolian sandstone at room temperature

图 5 衡阳盆地红花套组砂岩储集层样品应力-应变曲线

Fig.5 Stress strain curves of sandstone reservoir samples from the Honghuatao Formation in Hengyang Basin

图 6 红花套组风成砂岩孔隙度分布直方图(A)和孔渗交会图(B)

Fig.6 Histogram of porosity distribution(A)and intersection of porosity and permeability(B)in the Honghuatao Formation

图 7 CCESA系统概念模型

Fig.7 Concept model of CCESA

图 8 衡阳盆地数值模型网格剖分 A—平面剖面图; B—垂直剖面图

Fig.8 Grid division of numerical model for Hengyang Basin

表 1 数值模型中目标含水层和井筒相关水文地质和热力学参数

Table 1 Hydrogeological and thermodynamic parameters of target aquifer and wellbore in numerical model

	热力学参数	值	单位
目标含水层	厚度	50	m
	零应力渗透率	6.0×10^-13	m²
	零应力孔隙度	0.315
	残余孔隙度	0.285
	孔隙压缩系数	1.0×10^-10	Pa^-1
	岩石热传导率	2.51	W/(m·℃)
	岩石比热	920	J/(kg·℃)
	杨氏模量	30	GPa
	内摩擦角	35	°
	粘聚力	20	MPa
	热膨胀系数	1.0×10^-5	1/℃
	比奥系数	1
	相对渗透率函数	Van Genuchten-Mualem模型
	λ	0.457
	残余液相饱和度	0.1
	饱和液相饱和度	1.00
	残余气相饱和度	0.05
	毛细压力函数	Van Genuchten模型
	残余液相饱和度	0.1
	毛细进入压力	19.61	KPa
	最大毛细压力	10	MPa
	饱和液相饱和度	1.00
井筒	等效直径	0.53	m
	射孔长度	50(-1360~-1410)	m
	范宁摩擦系数	4.5×10^-5	m
	热传导率	2.51	W/(m·℃)

图 9 储能系统运行方案

Fig.9 Operation scheme of energy storage system

图 10 系统初始气囊填充阶段地层压力和温度变化(Y=0剖面) A,B—地层压力; C,D—地层温度

Fig.10 Formation pressure and temperature variations in initial gas bubble filling stage of system(profile Y=0)

图 11 系统初始气囊填充阶段储集层CO₂饱和度变化(Y=0剖面)

Fig.11 Reservoir CO₂ saturation variations in initial gas bubble filling stage of system(profile Y=0)

图 12 系统初始气囊填充阶段结束时地层垂向位移(A) 和有效应力变化(B)(Y=0剖面)

Fig.12 Vertical displacement(A) and effective stress changes(B) in stratigraphy at initial gas bubble filling stage of system(profile Y=0)

图 13 系统循环注采阶段井口压力和温度变化 A—井口温度; B—井口压力

Fig.13 Changes in wellhead pressure and temperature during cyclic injection and production stage of system

图 14 循环注采第60天地层压力分布(Y=0剖面) A—注气储能结束; B—第1次停注结束; C—抽气释能停注结束; D—第2次停注结束

Fig.14 Formation pressure distribution on the 60th day of cyclic injection and production(profile Y=0)

图 15 系统循环注采阶段井口产气质量分数和能量往返效率变化 A—产气质量分数; B—能量往返效率

Fig.15 Change of wellhead gas production mass fraction and energy efficiency in cyclic injection-production stage of system

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衡阳盆地白垩系风成砂岩储集层压缩二氧化碳储能数值模拟评价^*

Numerical simulation assessment of compressed CO₂ energy storage in the Cretaceous aeolian sandstone reservoir,Hengyang Basin

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衡阳盆地白垩系风成砂岩储集层压缩二氧化碳储能数值模拟评价*

Numerical simulation assessment of compressed CO2 energy storage in the Cretaceous aeolian sandstone reservoir,Hengyang Basin

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衡阳盆地白垩系风成砂岩储集层压缩二氧化碳储能数值模拟评价^*

Numerical simulation assessment of compressed CO₂ energy storage in the Cretaceous aeolian sandstone reservoir,Hengyang Basin