基于聚落考古信息的中国北方农牧交错带东段历史耕地覆盖格网化重建<sup>&#x0002A;</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2022.06.084

古地理学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (6): 1238-1248. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2022.06.084

• 第四纪古地理学及沉积学 • 上一篇

基于聚落考古信息的中国北方农牧交错带东段历史耕地覆盖格网化重建^*

吴致蕾¹, 方修琦^2,3, 叶瑜²

1 青海师范大学地理科学学院,青海西宁 810016;
2 北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京 100875;
3 北京师范大学地理科学学部地理学院,北京 100875

收稿日期:2022-04-25 修回日期:2022-07-16 出版日期:2022-12-01 发布日期:2022-12-05
通讯作者: 方修琦,男,1962年生,北京师范大学教授,博士生导师,主要从事环境演变及其影响研究。E-mail: xfang@bnu.edu.cn。
作者简介:吴致蕾,女,1992年生,青海师范大学讲师,主要从事历史土地利用/土地覆盖变化、环境演变研究。E-mail: wuzl32@163.com。
基金资助:
*国家重点研发计划“全球变化与应对”专项项目(编号:2017YFA0603304)资助

Reconstruction of historical cropland cover using settlement relics in eastern part of northern China's farming-pastoral zone

WU Zhilei¹, FANG Xiuqi^2,3, YE Yu²

1 College of Geographical Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810016,China;
2 Key laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster,Ministry of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;
3 Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China

Received:2022-04-25 Revised:2022-07-16 Online:2022-12-01 Published:2022-12-05
Contact: FANG Xiuqi,born in 1962,obtained his Ph.D. degree from Beijing Normal University in 1994. He is currently a professor of physical geography at Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University. His major research field is environment change. E-mail: xfang@bnu.edu.cn.
About author:WU Zhilei,born in 1992,obtained her Ph.D. degree from Beijing Normal University in 2021. She is currently a lecturer at the College of Geographical Science,Qinghai Normal University. Her major research field is historical land use/land cover change and environment change. E-mail: wuzl32@163.com.
Supported by:
Financial supported by the National Key R & D Program of China(No.2017YFA0603304)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国北方农牧交错带是半农半牧、时农时牧的地带,此类区域因其独特自然环境和社会经济发展过程,准确地重建耕地覆盖难度较大。采用能够指示农业活动时空位置的考古遗址信息重建历史耕地覆盖,是提高此类区域耕地覆盖重建结果可靠性的有效途径之一。本研究选择位于中国北方农牧交错带带宽最大的东段作为研究区,使用聚落考古信息与历史文献重建了辽、金、元、明4个时期5'×5'的耕地覆盖变化。结论如下: (1)从辽代至明代,研究区耕地面积总量减少了98.0%,元明时期的耕地显著少于辽金时期,表明该区发生了从半农半牧到牧业的根本转变。(2)辽代耕地分布范围最大,金代耕地分布范围有所缩小,辽金时期均呈现“插花式”的分布格局,元代耕地分布范围急剧缩减,至明代仅有零星耕地分布。(3)研究区耕地覆盖变化受气候变化和人文因素的双重影响。辽金时期,气候相对温暖湿润,统治者重视农业发展; 元明时期,气候寒冷干燥,民族习惯以牧为主。基于聚落考古信息重建的历史时期耕地覆盖,不仅再现了该区域“插花式”的耕地分布格局,还刻画了该区由农转牧的土地利用变化过程。

关键词: LUCC, 聚落考古, 历史耕地覆盖, 格网化重建, 中国北方农牧交错带

Abstract: Northern China's farming-pastoral transitional zone presents the characteristic of half farming and half animal husbandry. For such areas,because of its unique environment and socio-economic development process,it is difficult to accurately reconstruct cropland cover. Utilizing settlement relics that can indicate the spatio-temporal location of agricultural activities to reconstruct historical cropland cover is one of the effective ways to improve the reliability of the reconstruction results. The study area falls within the eastern part of northern China's farming-pastoral zone. We reconstructed the 5'×5'cropland cover change at 4 time points using the settlement relics of the study area during Liao,Jin,Yuan,and Ming dynasties. The main conclusions are as follows: (1)From Liao dynasty to Ming dynasty,the total cropland area decreased by 98.0%,and the cropland area in Yuan and Ming dynasties was significantly less than that in Liao and Jin dynasties,indicating that the area had undergone a fundamental transformation from half farming and half animal husbandry to animal husbandry;(2)The coverage of cropland was the largest in Liao dynasty,and it was somewhat reduced in Jin dynasty,which presented a mosaic distribution pattern. However,the coverage of cropland was sharply reduced in Yuan dynasty,and only scattered cropland was distributed in Ming dynasty;(3)The cropland cover change in the study area was influenced by both climate change and human factors. During Liao and Jin dynasties,the climate was relatively warm and humid,and the rulers attached great importance to agricultural development. In contrast,during Yuan and Ming dynasties,the climate was cold and dry,and the national was accustomed mainly to animal husbandry. To sum up,the reconstruction of historical cropland cover based on settlement relics not only reproduces the mosaic distribution pattern of cropland,but also depicts the process of land use change from farming to animal husbandry in study area.

Key words: LUCC, settlement relics, historical cropland cover, gridded reconstruction, northern China's farming-pastoral zone

中图分类号:

K901.9

吴致蕾, 方修琦, 叶瑜. 基于聚落考古信息的中国北方农牧交错带东段历史耕地覆盖格网化重建^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2022, 24(6): 1238-1248.

WU Zhilei, FANG Xiuqi, YE Yu. Reconstruction of historical cropland cover using settlement relics in eastern part of northern China's farming-pastoral zone[J]. JOPC, 2022, 24(6): 1238-1248.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2022/V24/I6/1238

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基于聚落考古信息的中国北方农牧交错带东段历史耕地覆盖格网化重建^*

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