摘要： 基于晋南地区全新世黄土剖面样品的光释光(OSL)测年和磁化率数据,恢复该区全新世以来的古温度和古降水,并结合该区仰韶至东周时期文化发展特性及各时期考古聚落在不同地貌类型上的分布比例,探讨晋南地区全新世以来环境演变与人类活动的关系。研究表明,仰韶早期和中期,气候较为暖湿,古土壤发育,利于文化的产生和发展。仰韶晚期气候由暖湿向温干转换,可能对文化发展有一定影响。龙山时期温度和降水较之前有所下降,但气候仍较现今暖湿,又因相对干旱的气候促使先民积聚在水源地附近,以及农业生产技术水平的不断进步,该时期文化快速繁荣发展。夏、商和西周时期气候持续干凉化,文化发展受到制约。东周时期气候仍然较干凉,但随着人类社会的发展和农业生产效率的提高,环境因素对文化的影响越来越小。晋南地区仰韶到东周时期聚落主要分布在耕作条件较好的冲积平原、台塬和山前倾斜平原上,在丘陵和山地上分布较少;随着气候的干凉化,仰韶到东周时期聚落在山前倾斜平原和台塬的分布比例有减小趋势,而在冲积平原的分布比例有增大趋势。

关键词: 全新世, 古气候重建, 聚落考古, 人地关系, 晋南

Abstract: Based on the OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence) dating data and the magnetic susceptibilities of sedimentary samples from the Holocene loess profile, the paleotemperature and paleoprecipitation were reconstructed,and combining with the cultural characteristics from the Yangshao cultural period to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the distribution ratio of these cultures settlements on different landform types of the southern Shanxi Province,the relationship between Holocene environmental change and cultural evolution in southern Shanxi Province was discussed. The results revealed that the climate was warm and humid during the early-Yangshao and mid-Yangshao periods,with the paleosol originated from active pedogenic processes,which promoted the generation and development of culture. The climate changed from warm-humid to warm-dry during the late-Yangshao culture period,which effected the development of culture. The climate was cooler and drier than before during Longshan culture period,but it was still warmer and wetter than present,the drier climate might promote ancestors to live near the water catchment area,and the production technology gradually increased,which promoted the fast development of culture. The climate continued to be cool and dry during the Xia,Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties,and the development of culture was restricted. In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty the climate was still cool and dry,however,with the evolution of human society,the restriction of environment to culture decreased gradually. Most of the archaeological settlements located on the landforms that were suitable for agricultural production,such as alluvial plain,loess tableland and piedmont sloping plain. With the climate turning to be cool and dry gradually after Longshan culture period,the scope of human activity showed a tendency from loess tableland and piedmont sloping plain to alluvial plain.

Key words: Holocene, reconstruction of palaeoclimate, settlement archaeology, man-land relationship, southern Shanxi Province

中图分类号: 

• K901.6