摘要： 自20世纪80年代以来,成都平原环境考古工作在聚落选址与地理环境、古气候与古蜀文明发展、灾变事件研究及史前人地关系综合研究等方面取得重要进展。研究表明: 成都平原史前城址群的出现与当时的地理环境应有很大关系;成都平原中—晚全新世以来气候整体温暖湿润,其中有多次气候波动和降温事件发生;古洪水、古地震等自然灾害与古蜀文明发展的关系很密切;基于成都平原诸多先秦遗址的人地关系综合研究表明,河流、地貌、气候等因素与史前聚落变迁有很大关系。总体上,成都平原环境考古工作经历了3个发展阶段。受限于研究材料和方法,目前仍然缺乏高分辨率古环境演变规律的研究成果;自然灾害与成都平原先秦时期古文化演变的一些重要节点的耦合关系仍不明确;今后还需要加强与河流地貌有关的聚落环境考古研究;利用地理信息系统和遥感技术分析环境变迁与人类活动关系以及定量和模型化研究史前人地关系也将是未来成都平原环境考古工作的重要内容。

关键词: 全新世, 环境考古, 人地关系, 成都平原

Abstract: Since the 1980s,the works of environmental archaeology in the Chengdu Plain has made important achievements in the settlement and the geographical environment,in the development of the ancient climate and the ancient Shu civilization,in the catastrophe events,and in the comprehensive research on the man￣land relationships. The research shows that: The emergence of the Chengdu Plain prehistoric cities has a close relationship with the geographical environment; since Mid-late Holocene,the climate in the Chengdu Plain has been warm and humid with many climate fluctuations and cooling events; ancient floods,ancient earthquakes and other natural disasters are closely related to the development of ancient Shu civilization; the comprehensive studies of the man￣land relationship of many Pre￣Qin Period sites in the Chengdu Plain illustrated that the comprehensive factors such as rivers,landforms and climates were closely related to the change of prehistoric settlements. In general,the environmental archaeology in the Chengdu Plain has gone through three stages. However,it is still limited by the research materials and methods,and still lacks the research of the high￣resolution paleoenvironment evolution. The coupling relationship between abrupt climate changes and some important nodes in the Chengdu Plain during the Pre-Qin Period is still unclear. In addition,it is necessary to strengthen the study of settlement environment archaeology related to the river geomorphology in the future. GIS and RS analyses of the relationship between environmental change and human activities and quantitatively modelling studies of prehistoric relationship are also important environmental archaeological works in the Chengdu Plain in the future.

Key words: Holocene, environmental archaeology, man-land relationship, Chengdu Plain

中图分类号: 

• K901.6