中国海洋的珊瑚-珊瑚礁:南海中央区珊瑚-珊瑚礁生物多样性特征

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2021.04.043

古地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 771-788. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2021.04.043

• 生物古地理学及古生态学 • 上一篇下一篇

中国海洋的珊瑚-珊瑚礁:南海中央区珊瑚-珊瑚礁生物多样性特征

许红^1,2, 史国宁³, 廖宝林⁴, 陈刚⁵, 董树义⁶, 邱隆伟⁷, 李琦⁸, 罗进雄⁹, 申剑¹⁰, 曾晓起¹¹, 王亚民¹², 贺静¹³, 董刚², 闫桂京², 王宇喆⁷, 周星蕾¹⁰, 胡喜鹏¹⁰, 罗乔乔¹⁰, 陈竹¹⁰, 陶萌^2,7, 纳琴^2,7, 王晴^1,9, 王英⁶, 沈江远^1,9, 马骁^2,7, 付和平^2,7, 吴汉儒¹¹, 马亚增^1,9, 陈舒^1,9

1 自然资源部第一海洋研究所,海洋沉积与环境地质重点实验室,山东青岛 266061;
2 青岛海洋地质研究所,山东青岛 266071;
3 三沙市政府国土资源与环境规划局,海南海口 573199;
4 广东海洋大学深圳研究院,广东深圳 518120;
5 中国地质大学(武汉),湖北武汉 430074;
6 成都理工大学,四川成都 610059;
7 中国石油大学(华东),山东青岛 266580;
8 中国地质大学(北京),北京 100083;
9 长江大学,湖北武汉 430100;
10 上海亿角鲸海洋研究中心,上海 200434;
11 中国海洋大学,山东青岛 266100;
12 山东大学(威海),山东威海 264209;
13 中国石油长庆油田分公司勘探开发研究院,陕西西安 710018

收稿日期:2021-05-23 修回日期:2021-06-21 出版日期:2021-08-01 发布日期:2021-07-22
作者简介:许红,男,1957年生,博士,研究员,主要从事海洋油气、天然气水合物资源调查评价,生物礁成因及碳酸盐岩—白云岩—铁白云岩成因特征、机制研究。E-mail: qdxhong@163.com。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金(编号: 41872114)、科技部基础科技调查专项(编号: 2017FY201407)和大型油气田和煤成气开发重大科技专项(编号: 2011ZX05025-002-04)联合资助

Coral-coral reefs in China seas: the biodiversity characteristics of coral-coral reefs in the central South China Sea

Xu Hong^1,2, Shi Guo-Ning³, Liao Bao-Lin⁴, Chen Gang⁵, Dong Shu-Yi⁶, Qiu Long-Wei⁷, Li Qi⁸, Luo Jin-Xiong⁹, Shen Jian¹⁰, Zeng Xiao-Qi¹¹, Wang Ya-Min¹², Su Da-Peng², He Jing¹³, Dong Gang², Yan Gui-Jing², Wang Yu-Zhe⁷, Zhou Xing-Lei¹⁰, Hu Xi-Peng¹⁰, Luo Qiao-Qiao¹⁰, Chen Zhu¹⁰, Tao Meng^2,7, Na Qin^2,7, Wang Qing^1,9, Wang Ying⁶, Shen Jiang-Yuan^1,9, Ma Xiao^2,7, Fu He-Ping^2,7, Wu Han-Ru¹¹, Ma Ya-Zeng^1,9, Chen Shu^1,9

1 Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentary and Environmental Geology,First Institute of Oceanology,Ministry of Natural Resources,Shandong Qingdao 266061,China;
2 Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology,Shandong Qingdao 266071,China;
3 Sansha City Land Resources and Environmental Planning Bureau,Haikou 573199,China;
4 Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University,Guangdong Shenzhen 518120,China;
5 China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;
6 Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;
7 China University of Petroleum(East China),Shandong Qingdao 266580,China;
8 China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;
9 Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China;
10 Shanghai Narwhal Ocean Research Center,Shanghai 200434,China;
11 Ocean University of China,Shandong Qingdao 266100,China;
12 Shandong University(Weihai),Shandong Weihai 264209,China;
13 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710018,China

Received:2021-05-23 Revised:2021-06-21 Online:2021-08-01 Published:2021-07-22
About author:Xu Hong,born in 1957,doctor,researcher,mainly engaged in the investigation and evaluation of Marine hydrocarbon and natural gas hydrate resources,the genesis of organic reef,the characteristics and genetic mechanism of carbonate,dolomite-iron dolomite. E-mail: qdxhong@163.com.
Supported by:
Co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41872114),the Basic Science and Technology Investigation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2017FY201407)and the Major Science and Technology Project of Large-scale Oil and Gas Field and Coal-Based Gas Development(No.2011ZX05025-002-04)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 珊瑚是地球上最古老的原住民,具有近6×108年的发育史,弱势群居、喜温和原地长成是珊瑚的基本特征。作者介绍了珊瑚-珊瑚礁的基本特征,综述了跨十年调查的研究区珍贵照片资料和相关认识,指出中国是全球主要的珊瑚-珊瑚礁国家,地位举足轻重;珊瑚-珊瑚礁作为地球生物多样性的代表,造岛、固礁、护鱼、防护岛岸流失,形成南海四大群岛280余座岛、礁、滩、沙,所构建庞大海洋生态系统是无与伦比的海洋生态资源和寸土寸金的南海海洋国土。提出划分南海珊瑚-珊瑚礁为中央区和周缘区2个分布区,阐述了南海中央区珊瑚-珊瑚礁的基本特征,系统汇集报道了间隔10年2个科考航次调查在浅水礁盘浮潜、至20 m水深浅潜-深潜和礁盘及开展岛、礁、滩、沙地质调查的发现,包括科学定名46种六放石珊瑚和6种八放软珊瑚等成果,同时,收集了西沙、中沙、东沙和南沙群岛海域的相关调查航次珊瑚照片;进一步阐述了单体环礁和复合环礁的特征及分布,并进行了初步对比,指出永乐环礁是南海唯一一个真正的切合达尔文模式的环礁,也是环礁发展到最高阶段的产物,构成现代海洋珊瑚-珊瑚礁形成演化研究最好的天然实验室。

关键词: 珊瑚-珊瑚礁, 南海中央区, 西沙群岛, 东沙群岛, 中沙群岛, 南沙群岛

Abstract: Coral is the oldest aboriginal residents on the earth, with a nearly 600 million years evolution history. As the master of the sea, it is characterized by poor social status, favoring the warm environment and in situ growth. The biodiversity of the coral ecosystem exceeds that of the tropical rain forest ecosystem. In this paper, the basic characteristics of coral-coral reef are briefly introduced, and the precious photos and relevant understandings of coral coral reefs in the research area investigated over the past decade are summarized. It is pointed out that China is a major coral coral reef country and plays an important role in the world. Coral-coral reef as a representative of the earth’s biological diversity, has created islands, solidified reef, protected fishes and protected island from erosion, which result in the formation of four large islands and more than 280 small islands in the South China Sea. The reefs, beaches and sands of coral coral reefs related islands have built an incomparable marine ecological resources and increased the China territory in the South China Sea. The authors put forward two distribution areas of coral coral reef in the South China Sea, the central area and the peripheral area. The basic characteristics of coral-coral reef in the central area are described. The paper systematically reports the findings of snorkeling in shallow reefs, shallow dives to 20 m depth in water, deep dive reef investigation, and the geological surveys of islands, reefs, shoals and sand, including the scientific naming of 46 species of hexagonal corals and 6 species of octagonal soft corals. At the same time, coral photos of Xisha, Zhongsha, Dongsha and Nansha Islands were collected to reveal the characteristics and distribution of single atoll and compound atoll. A preliminary comparison between these atolls is also carried and suggested that the Yongle Atoll is the only truly Darwinian atoll in the South China Sea, and it is the product of the highest stage of atoll development, which makes it a best natural laboratory for the research on the formation and evolution of modern marine coral coral reef.

Key words: coral-coral reef, central South China Sea, Xisha Islands, Dongsha Islands, Zhongsha Islands, Nansha Islands

中图分类号:

许红, 史国宁, 廖宝林, 陈刚, 董树义, 邱隆伟, 李琦, 罗进雄, 申剑, 曾晓起, 王亚民, 贺静, 董刚, 闫桂京, 王宇喆, 周星蕾, 胡喜鹏, 罗乔乔, 陈竹, 陶萌, 纳琴, 王晴, 王英, 沈江远, 马骁, 付和平, 吴汉儒, 马亚增, 陈舒. 中国海洋的珊瑚-珊瑚礁:南海中央区珊瑚-珊瑚礁生物多样性特征[J]. 古地理学报, 2021, 23(4): 771-788.

Xu Hong, Shi Guo-Ning, Liao Bao-Lin, Chen Gang, Dong Shu-Yi, Qiu Long-Wei, Li Qi, Luo Jin-Xiong, Shen Jian, Zeng Xiao-Qi, Wang Ya-Min, Su Da-Peng, He Jing, Dong Gang, Yan Gui-Jing, Wang Yu-Zhe, Zhou Xing-Lei, Hu Xi-Peng, Luo Qiao-Qiao, Chen Zhu, Tao Meng, Na Qin, Wang Qing, Wang Ying, Shen Jiang-Yuan, Ma Xiao, Fu He-Ping, Wu Han-Ru, Ma Ya-Zeng, Chen Shu. Coral-coral reefs in China seas: the biodiversity characteristics of coral-coral reefs in the central South China Sea[J]. JOPC, 2021, 23(4): 771-788.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2021/V23/I4/771

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中国海洋的珊瑚-珊瑚礁:南海中央区珊瑚-珊瑚礁生物多样性特征

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中国海洋的珊瑚-珊瑚礁:南海中央区珊瑚-珊瑚礁生物多样性特征

Coral-coral reefs in China seas: the biodiversity characteristics of coral-coral reefs in the central South China Sea

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