山西新太古界柏芝岩组条带状铁建造中的菱铁矿:成因机制与古环境意义<sup>&#x0002A;</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2021.01.012

古地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1): 175-190. doi: 10.7605/gdlxb.2021.01.012

山西新太古界柏芝岩组条带状铁建造中的菱铁矿:成因机制与古环境意义^*

谢宝增^1,2, 孙龙飞², 方浩², 史晓颖^1,2, 汤冬杰^1,3

1 中国地质大学(北京)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,北京 100083;
2 中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083;
3 中国地质大学(北京)科学研究院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2020-11-28 修回日期:2020-12-08 出版日期:2021-02-01 发布日期:2021-01-24
通讯作者: 汤冬杰,男,1985年生,中国地质大学(北京)副教授,博士生导师,主要从事地球生物学和前寒武纪地质研究工作。E-mail: dongjtang@126.com。
作者简介:谢宝增,男,1994年生,中国地质大学(北京)地质工程研究生。E-mail: baozeng-xie@163.com。
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目(编号: 41930320,41972028)、中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所重点研究项目(编号: IGGCAS-201905)、中央高校基本科研基金(编号: 2652019093)共同支持

Siderite in banded iron formation of the Neoarchean Baizhiyan Formation, Shanxi Province: genesis and palaeoenvironmental implications

Xie Bao-Zeng^1,2, Sun Long-Fei², Fang Hao², Shi Xiao-Ying^1,2, Tang Dong-Jie^1,3

1 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;
2 School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;
3 Institute of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China

Received:2020-11-28 Revised:2020-12-08 Online:2021-02-01 Published:2021-01-24
Contact: Tang Dong-Jie,born in 1985,is an associate professor and Ph.D. supervisor of China University of Geosciences(Beijing). He is engaged in geobiology and Precambrian geology. E-mail: dongjtang@126.com.
About author:Xie Bao-Zeng,born in 1994,is a graduated student of China University of Geosciences(Beijing). E-mail: baozeng-xie@163.com.
Supported by:
Co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 41930320,41972028),the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology & Geophysics,CAS(No. IGGCAS-201905),and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2652019093)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 菱铁矿是前寒武纪条带状铁建造(BIF)中重要的矿物组分和古海洋信息载体,但它可能具有原生、早期成岩和晚期成岩多种成因,这在一定程度上限制了其在古海洋条件分析中的应用。虽然前人对菱铁矿开展了广泛的地球化学分析,但在岩相学研究方面相对薄弱。为进一步揭示BIF中菱铁矿的成因机制,以山西代县羊角沟矿区新太古界柏芝岩组的BIF为研究对象,开展了系统的岩相学工作。研究表明,该BIF主要由厘米级交互的富铁与富硅条带构成,其中普遍缺少水体扰动沉积构造,偶见交错层理和风暴碎屑,表明主要沉积于风暴浪基面之下。菱铁矿的主要产出形式有3种: (1)亚毫米级条带,其内“悬浮”有风暴成因碎屑颗粒,具有水柱或沉积物/水界面的原生成因特征;(2)在富铁条带中的晶体间隙充填,可能为早期成岩成因;(3)富硅条带中存在绿泥石层间脉状充填或截切石英和铁白云石的脉体,具有晚期成岩成因。原生菱铁矿的产出,表明新太古代在风暴浪基面之下的海水强烈缺氧、富铁并具有低硫酸盐浓度的特征。尽管原生菱铁矿条带的产出表明菱铁矿具有反映海洋化学条件的潜力,但多种成因菱铁矿的同时产出,也要求在应用菱铁矿分析古海洋条件时应当分组构进行。

关键词: 新太古界, 条带状铁建造, 原生菱铁矿, 海洋化学条件, 缺氧铁化

Abstract: Siderite is one of the major mineral components in Precambrian banded iron formation(BIF)and an archive for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. However,it can exist as primary,early diagenetic,and late diagenetic origins,thus limiting its application in palaeoenvironmental analysis to a certain extent. Previous studies mainly focused on geochemical features of siderite,whereas its petrographic features were paid less attention. In order to further reveal the origin of siderite in BIF,this study took BIF from the Neoarchean Baizhiyan Formation in Yangjiaogou Mining Area,Dai County,Shanxi Province as a target,and carried out a systematic petrographic analysis. The results show that the BIF in the Baizhiyan Formation is mainly composed of alternating centimeter-scale,iron-rich and silicon-rich bands. Wave-agitated structure is rare,but occasionally cross lamination and storm debris are present,suggesting that the BIF was mainly deposited below the storm-wave base. There are three main occurrences for the siderite,including: (1)sub-millimeter layers with detrital particles “suspended” in them,indicating that they may have the primary origin formed in water column or sediment-water interface; (2)dispersed anhedral grains in iron-rich layers,which may be of an early diagenetic origin;and (3)veins penetrating into layers of chlorite,or truncating quartz and ankerite,which is of a late diagenetic origin. The occurrence of primary siderite in the BIF from the Baizhiyan Formation suggests that the Neoarchean seawater below the storm-wave base was strongly anoxic,iron-rich,and of low sulfate concentration. Siderite has the potential to reflect the information of marine chemistry;however,the occurrence of siderite with different origins in one sample requires fabric-specific analysis.

Key words: Neoarchean, banded iron formation(BIF), primary siderite, ocean chemistry, anoxic and ferruginous

中图分类号:

P534.41

谢宝增, 孙龙飞, 方浩, 史晓颖, 汤冬杰. 山西新太古界柏芝岩组条带状铁建造中的菱铁矿:成因机制与古环境意义^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2021, 23(1): 175-190.

Xie Bao-Zeng, Sun Long-Fei, Fang Hao, Shi Xiao-Ying, Tang Dong-Jie. Siderite in banded iron formation of the Neoarchean Baizhiyan Formation, Shanxi Province: genesis and palaeoenvironmental implications[J]. JOPC, 2021, 23(1): 175-190.

http://www.gdlxb.cn/CN/Y2021/V23/I1/175

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山西新太古界柏芝岩组条带状铁建造中的菱铁矿:成因机制与古环境意义^*

Siderite in banded iron formation of the Neoarchean Baizhiyan Formation, Shanxi Province: genesis and palaeoenvironmental implications

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山西新太古界柏芝岩组条带状铁建造中的菱铁矿:成因机制与古环境意义*

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山西新太古界柏芝岩组条带状铁建造中的菱铁矿:成因机制与古环境意义^*