摘要： 湖北屈家岭遗址附近的河湖相沉积剖面及文化层的孢粉和炭屑分析表明，距今5400—4200年间，遗址周边地区分布有常绿阔叶和落叶阔叶林，大量的禾本科(Gramineae)和松属(Pinus)花粉及炭屑表明这一时期有强烈的人类活动，暖湿的气候条件为屈家岭文化和石家河文化发展奠定了基础。距今4200—2200年间，莎草科（Cyperaceae）花粉和水蕨(Ceratopteris)孢子的减少反映生境干旱化，遗址周边发育由蒿属（Artemisia）、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、唐松草（Thalictrum）和蕨类植物组成的坡草丛；这种生境干旱化是由气候变干和强烈人类活动所致。伴随着生境日趋干旱化，屈家岭文化和石家河文化走向衰亡。距今2200年前，莎草科花粉和水蕨孢子含量增加表明这一时期遗址周围生境比较湿润，与此同时，大量的禾本科花粉及高浓度的炭屑指示着又一人类活动高潮期的到来。

关键词: 孢粉, 炭屑, 屈家岭遗址, 环境演化, 湖北省

Abstract: Palynological and charcoal analyses of both the sedimentary profile and cultural layers of Qujialing site， Hubei Province suggest that evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved forests were distributed in the surrounding areas of the site between 5400 and 4200 \{a BP\}. Abundant Gramineae and Pinus pollens and charcoal points to strong human activities; the warm and wet climate during this period provided favourable condition for the development of Qujialing and Shijiahe Cultures. During 4200—2200 a BP， grassland which is composed of Artemisia， Chenopodiaceae， Thalictrum and ferns etc. was developed. The decline of the Cyperaceae and Ceratopteris indicates a shift to more arid environment， resulting in a widespread grassland. The trend towards more arid environment was mainly caused by a stronger human activity and subsequent drier climate. Along with the increasing aridity， the Qujialing and Shijiahe Cultures became declined and eventually collapsed. By 2200 a BP，an increase of Cyperaceae pollens and Ceratopteris spores suggests that relatively moist habitats existed during this period around the Qujialing site. Meanwhile， the rich Gramineae and high concentration of microcharcoal particles indicate the arrival of another prosperous period in human history.

Key words: pollen, charcoal, Qujialing archaeological site, environmental change, Hubei Province

中图分类号: 

• K901.6